Wang has the "King of Taiyuan", so what does Yan have to say?

Books describing personal experiences, thoughts and knowledge in the Southern and Northern Dynasties to warn future generations. Yan Zhi wrote it. Seven volumes and twenty articles. Push (after 53 1 ~ 59 1), text introduction. Yan was originally from Linyi (now north of Linyi, Shandong). Cross the river with the Eastern Jin Dynasty and live in Jiankang. During the Hou Jing Rebellion, Xiao Yi, Emperor of Liang Yuan, stood on his own feet in Jiangling, and served as an assistant minister. In the third year of his holiness (554), the Western Wei Dynasty broke Jiangling, was pushed westward and was captured. In order to return to the south of the Yangtze River, he took advantage of the rising of the Yellow River to smuggle from Hongnong (now southwest of Sanmenxia, Henan). After experiencing the danger of being a pillar, he fled to Beiqi first. However, in the Southern Dynasties, Chen Dailiang's wish to return to the south failed, that is, he stayed in the Northern Qi Dynasty, and the official was the assistant minister of Huangmen. Qi died in 577 and entered the week. After the Sui Dynasty, he became an official in the Sui Dynasty. Family Instructions was written after the destruction of Chen in the Sui Dynasty (589).

Yan Zhitui was a famous thinker, educator, poet and writer in the Southern and Northern Dynasties. He was the most knowledgeable and thoughtful scholar at that time. Having experienced the Northern and Southern Dynasties, I know the disadvantages of the vulgarity of politics in the North and South, and I know the disadvantages of learning from the South and learning from the North. At that time, he studied almost all the knowledge, big and small, and put forward his own opinions. His theory and practice have a great influence on later generations. Family Instructions of Yan Family is a summary of his life's career, life and study experience, and is praised by later generations as a model of family education with great influence.

As a model teaching material of China traditional society, Family Instructions of Yan Family directly initiated the family instructions of later generations, and it is a precious heritage in the ancient family education theory treasure house of China. Yan Zhitui didn't have Hector's merit and rank, but he has a long-standing reputation because of one of Yan's family precepts, which shows that his family precepts have far-reaching influence. Yan's Family Instructions, praised by Chen as "the ancestor of family instructions in ancient and modern times", is an important ancient book in China's cultural history. It is not only reflected in the style of the book, but also in the contents of "discussing the rhythm of calligraphy and painting, correcting allusions and appreciating literature and art" and "stating the method of governing the family and distinguishing right from wrong", so scholars of all ages have praised it as a model for educating future generations and family education. Throughout history, Yan's descendants have made amazing performances in moral and academic aspects. Only in the Tang Dynasty, Yan, who annotated Hanshu, Yan Zhenqing, whose calligraphy was a model for the world for thousands of years, and Yan Gaoqing, who was shocked for a hundred years and died in the country, made people have an extraordinary deep impression on Yan's family, which further proved the effectiveness of the family precepts set by ancestors. Even in the Song and Yuan Dynasties, members of the Yan family continued to be employed as officials, especially in the Ming and Qing Dynasties.

On the whole, Family Instructions of Yan Family is a book with rich cultural connotations, and it is one of the excellent cultures in ancient China. It not only has important reference significance for our family ethics cultivation today, but also has high academic value for studying ancient philology and the history and culture of the Southern and Northern Dynasties. At the same time, the author's wise thinking under the special political atmosphere (troubled times) has valuable cognitive value for future generations.

Yan Zhitui lived through four dynasties and was a "national subjugator". He suffered from chaos and was deeply worried. I once wrote an article "Viewing the Blessing of My Life", in which I tearfully stated my misfortune after my country was destroyed and my helplessness of "giving up my life for three things", and lamented: "I would like to be a person under the grass and trees, not learning the sword, not painting my hands and feet, appointing a pearl to be happy and humble, bidding farewell to Bai Bi and helping the poor." I'm ashamed of myself? "Sorrow is beyond words.

It is precisely because Yan Zhitui was "born in troubled times, grew up in the army, spread abroad, and heard a lot" that after he entered Sui Dynasty, he wrote a book "Family Instructions for Yan Family" with the purpose of "serving Wang Zhidao first and cherishing his family business" and combining his own life experience and philosophy, to admonish future generations. There are 20 books, each of which covers a wide range, but it mainly uses traditional Confucianism to educate children and talk about how to cultivate self-cultivation, keep the family in order, live in the world and study, and many of them still have reference significance today. For example, he advocates learning and opposes being unlearned; It is believed that learning should focus on reading and attach importance to the knowledge of workers, peasants and soldiers and businessmen. It is unrealistic to advocate "learning is expensive" and oppose empty talk. He despised and satirized the corruption and incompetence of the gentry in the Southern Dynasties, and thought that most of the children who traveled expensive had no academic knowledge and only paid attention to clothes and shoes. Once separated, they have no choice but to turn to the ravine. He was also deeply dissatisfied with the shyness and flattery of the northern gentry. And often through the narrative of their own experiences, a few words, will write the social feelings at that time, especially the flattering atmosphere of aristocratic society. For example, the article "Dragon Son" said: "A scholar-bureaucrat in the Qi Dynasty said,' I have a son who is seventeen years old and is quite knowledgeable. I want to teach him Xianbei language and play the pipa. I want to know a little to serve the ministers. I love them all and it is important. "I don't answer on my stomach. Different, this man's adopted son is also! If this industry is conscious, I don't want you to do it. " The language is concise and vivid, and the mentality of a scholar-bureaucrat comes to my face.

The book "Family Instructions of Yan Family" not only recorded the situation of "the resurgence of Xuanfeng, the popularity of Buddhism, the spread of Xianbei, and the popular writing Sheng Xing" at that time, but also preserved some valuable historical documents for future generations. In the article, through the discussion of the works of writers in the Northern and Southern Dynasties, it reflects the literary views at that time and his own literary ideas. Yan Zhitui attaches great importance to literature. He criticized Yang Xiong's view that literature is a small skill, and expounded the importance of literature (including knowledge, oral debate, composition and other cultural qualities) from the perspective of personal cultivation. As for the function of literature, Yan Zhitui not only narrowly attributed it to serving political enlightenment and practicality, but also affirmed that literature has the aesthetic function of pleasing people's eyes and ears and cultivating the soul, and at the same time showed a strong literary aesthetic ability in his creative practice. His articles are true in content, approachable in writing and unique and simple in style, which has a far-reaching influence on later generations.

Yan Zhitui is famous for his extensive knowledge. Yan's Family Instructions, based on the textual research of famous things, discusses the exegesis of words and discriminates the temperament. It is quite meaningful to "understand the past and the present, and be serious about illness", which embodies Yan's extensive knowledge and profound attainments.

Family Instructions of Yanshi was written after Emperor Wen of Sui Dynasty destroyed the State of Chen and before Yang Di ascended the throne (about the end of 6th century AD). Since its publication, this book has been a model of family education in China's long feudal society, which has been widely circulated and enduring. The main reason is that the contents of the book basically meet the needs of Confucian scholars in feudal society to educate their descendants, and put forward some practical educational methods and ideas, as well as a practical new concept of talent training that advocates "governing the country and keeping the country safe and managing the family well", which inherits and develops the traditional educational ideas of "sincerity, faithfulness, self-cultivation and keeping the family in order", and "governing the country and leveling the world" with the purpose of "understanding human relations". Because of this, rulers of past dynasties have instructed Yan Jia. Even think that "ancient and modern family instructions are based on this", which leads to its fanfare, wide quotation and repeated publication. Although it lasted for more than a thousand years, its main publications so far include Taizhou Palace Library Edition in the Seventh Year of Song Dynasty (1 197), Yan Engraving Edition in the First Year of Wanli in Ming Dynasty (1574), Han and Wei series. Modern Wang Qili wrote The Collection of Yan Family Instructions, which contains various prefaces and postscripts, Yan Biography and all its lost articles, and is the most complete one so far. The original text of this book is based on the Collection of Yan Family Instructions, and refers to other rare books, absorbing the research results of ancient sages, especially today's scholars, and drawing on the essence of other translated versions, in order to provide readers with a more accurate, concise and practical version of the classic family instructions. Of course, "Yan Family Instructions" is, after all, a product of the feudal era, and its feudal dross can not be ignored, such as promoting feudal ethics, promoting self-preservation, and superstitious propaganda of Buddhist karma. These are all expected to be learned by blasphemers.

Yan Jiaxun content:

● Order first

● Godson II

● Brothers are the third.

● Marry the fourth.

● Managing the family is the fifth.

● Pneumatic drill six

● Muxian No.7 Middle School

● Learn eight.

● Article 9

● Tenth in name only.

● Eleventh involves.

● Save trouble. twelfth

● Stop at the thirteenth place.

Low Commandment SoldierNo. 14

● Yangxin XV

● Return to 16th place.

● Written evidence 17

● Eighteenth phonetic symbol

Acrobatics 19

● Last twenty times

Excerpt:

Mianxue No.8

Since ancient times, the Ming king has been the holy emperor, and he still needs to study hard, so the situation is average! This is unprecedented. I can't be serious. I want to talk about something important in modern times in order to enlighten you. The younger brother of a scholar-bureaucrat began to teach at the age of several. Many of them have learned etiquette and biography, while a few have lost poetry and prose. When you get married in the crown, the cat should be trained and seduced. Ambitious people can sharpen their skills to pursue their careers; Those who don't stand up will die if they fall down slowly. When you are alive, you will have a job, farmers will measure your crops, businessmen will not discuss goods and bribes, skilled craftsmanship will lead to exquisite tools, geisha will meditate on magic, martial artists will get used to bowing horses, and scribes will discuss scriptures. It is more common to see scholar-officials ashamed of doing business related to agriculture and ashamed of being prostitutes. If they shoot, they can't wear letters, so they can only use their names in notes. They eat and drink, do nothing, and sell their days all year round. Or because of my family background, I got the first place and a half, so I was self-sufficient, forgot to study, had good and bad events, talked about gains and losses, and suddenly spoke, such as sitting in clouds, gathering for public and private banquets, and talking about ancient poems. Semel bowed his head and was slow to delay. Look on with knowledge, but go deep underground. What a pity to have studied hard for several years and been humiliated for a long time! ...