What happened to the nine princes after the demise of the Qing Dynasty?

19 12 February 12, Empress Jade Dragon proclaimed herself emperor in the imperial court, and issued a letter of abdication in the name of the Empress Dowager. The abdication of Aisin Giorro Puyi, the last emperor of the Qing Dynasty, declared the demise of the Qing Dynasty.

So, in the process of the demise of the Qing Dynasty, what happened to the nine famous "last princes"?

It's a long story Some died as martyrs, some as traitors, some stubbornly stuck to the end, some were beheaded and some died.

The governor, that is, the government official we often hear about, has power and influence. They are often in charge of the administration, economy and military affairs of one or several provinces, and they are the highest officials of local governments in the official system of the Qing Dynasty. The rank is positive, but thirty-one years after Kangxi, after the "governor title system was established", the governor generally took the title of "Minister of War" and became a local senior official, and the rank was subordinate.

In addition to the governors in charge of certain government affairs, there were nine governors in the Qing Dynasty, including three northeastern provinces, Zhili, Liangjiang, Sichuan, Fujian and Zhejiang, Yunnan and Guizhou, Huguang, Guangdong and Guangxi, and Shaanxi and Gansu.

Zhao erxun, governor of three northeastern provinces

Are friends who like history familiar with this person? Yes, he is the editor-in-chief of the draft of Qing history. He is an old friend of Yuan Shikai, who tricked him into writing the Draft of Qing History. He also has a title-the last governor of the three northeastern provinces. He is the true blue flag of the Han army, a native of Tieling, Liaoning Province, and a scholar.

In the third year of Xuantong, Zhao Erxun became the governor of the three northeastern provinces. The three northeastern provinces (Heilongjiang, Jilin and Fengtian) are the prosperous places of the Qing royal family. After the Qing soldiers entered the customs, they were blocked. Just build a province in the back and set up a governor. Although late, due to the unique status of the three northeastern provinces, among the nine governors, the governors of the three northeastern provinces have the largest scope of authority and the greatest power.

During the Revolution of 1911, he was loyal to the Qing court and set up a security society in Fengtian to try to stop the revolution. Killed a lot of people and killed this area, and the three northeastern provinces were the last to lower the flag of Huanglong in the Qing Dynasty.

Despite the repression, the revolution was the general trend, and Zhao Erxun was laid off behind his back. Yuan Shikai asked him to be a consultant, but he didn't go. Finally, Yuan Shikai tricked him into compiling the history of Qing Dynasty. He is the editor in chief. However, the book is not finished. 1927, 83-year-old Zhao erxun died in Beijing. I wrote a draft before I died. So now this Qing history is still called a draft, not a Qing history, because it is still an unfinished thing.

Governor Zhang of Zhili

As far as political status is concerned, the governor of Zhili is the highest among the "nine governors", and its jurisdiction includes the present generation of Hebei, Tianjin and Beijing, which is an important place in both capital and capital.

In the second year of Yongzheng, Yong Zhengdi issued an edict, and the governor of Zhili was awarded the title of "Shi Yu, the right capital of the Ministry of War and Douchayuan". The governor of Zhili became a veritable "the first governor in the world", with a high status and a high reputation. Li Hongzhang also played this role.

In the 28th year of Guangxu, Yuan Shikai was promoted to governor of Zhili, and Zhang took over as the last governor of Zhili in Qing Dynasty. He was the younger brother of Yuan Shikai's brother and sister-in-law, and later supported Yuan Shikai's restoration. He is a staunch supporter of Yuan Shikai's proclaimed himself emperor.

19 12 years, after Yuan Shikai became the interim president of the Republic of China, Zhang became the governor and civil affairs director of Henan, and he is still in power.

After Yuan Shikai's death, he followed Zhang Xun for restoration, was arrested and sentenced to life imprisonment. Later, he broke out of prison, but he stayed away from military and political affairs and began to engage in banking business. 1933 died at the age of 70.

His son Zhang Boju (adoption) is more famous. He is one of the oldest collectors in China and one of the four great sons of the Republic of China. It is best to buy a large number of famous paintings from Puyi first, and then donate them to the museum. Among them, Ping Fu Tie and You Chuntu are priceless national treasures.

Governor of Liangjiang Zhang Xun

In the ranking of officials in the Qing Dynasty, the governors of Liangjiang occupied the position of "the third largest governor" after the governors of Zhili and the three northeastern provinces, and held the military and political affairs of Jiangsu, Anhui and Jiangxi provinces. They were regarded as "granaries and money Ku" by the ruling class of the Qing Dynasty, which was the key to the stability of imperial power in the Qing Dynasty. "The stability of the two rivers makes the world stable."

The last governor of the two rivers in Qing Dynasty was Zhang Xun, a famous "Braid Handsome" in history.

In the second year of Xuantong, Zhang Xun, then the prefect of the south of the Yangtze River and guarding Nanjing, was appointed as Governor of Liangjiang and Minister of Nanyang by the Qing court for "stubbornly resisting the revolutionary army". Even after the demise of the Qing Dynasty, Zhang Xun and his subordinate troops still kept the hairstyle of the Qing Dynasty to show their loyalty to the Qing Dynasty.

19 17, Zhang Xun led an army to Beijing to mediate court disputes and staged a farce of "restoration". Then, Zhang Xun was defeated by Duan and fled to Tianjin, where he died on 1923.

It was not until his death that he was transported back to his hometown in Jiangxi for burial. Zhang Xun has never had her hair cut. After Zhang Xun's death, he was once regarded as a model of "solitary loyalty" at that time.

Self-proclaimed: powerless, can be immune. The head is there, but the braid won't fall off! I am a minister of the Qing Dynasty. Can be regarded as the most stubborn of the last governors. What is behind him is extremely grand, and it can be regarded as enjoying the respect behind him.

Song Shou, Governor of Fujian Province and Zhejiang Province

The official name of the governor of Fujian and Zhejiang is "the governor of military affairs, military pay, river management and governor in Fujian and Zhejiang", which means that the governor of Fujian and Zhejiang is the head of the party, government and army in Fujian and Zhejiang, and has great power to supervise the river and the governor at the same time.

In the thirty-third year of Guangxu, Song Shoucheng, a native of Zhengbai Banner in Manchuria, was the last governor of Fujian and Zhejiang in the Qing Dynasty. During the twelve years from the twenty-first year of Guangxu to the thirty-first year of Guangxu, Song Shou held various important positions at the local and central levels, and was properly "elegant".

After the Wuchang Uprising broke out, everyone advised him to surrender, but he just wouldn't listen. He tried to resist, gave women weapons and made everyone fight hard. As a result, the flag soldiers failed. After a night of fierce fighting, Song Shou swallowed gold and committed suicide. He was the only governor who died for the Great Qing Dynasty.

Governor of Huguang Ruicheng

Governor Huguang is a government official in charge of Hunan and Hubei provinces. In the Ming Dynasty, Hunan and Hubei provinces were collectively called "Huguang Province", hence the name Governor Huguang.

The most famous governor of Huguang is Zhang Zhidong, and the last governor of Huguang was a grave digger in Qing Dynasty. His name is Ruicheng, and he is from Zhenghuangqi, Manzhouli. His ancestors and father are both national senior cadres. He started his career under a shadow. Due to his prominent family background, his official career was smooth and his promotion continued. In the second year of Xuantong, Ruicheng became the governor of Huguang, reaching the peak of his career. The success of Wuchang Uprising owes much to Governor Huguang.

During the uprising, he ran faster than anyone else. He made a hole in the wall, got out of the hole and ran to a boat on the Yangtze River. It can be said that his stupidity dug the last big hole for Qing. Later, he fled to Shanghai and heard that he would be punished, and then he went to Japan. His escape served as a good example. There were uprisings everywhere, and all the officers ran away.

After the demise of the Qing Dynasty, Rui Chenggan returned to China and died in Shanghai in 19 15.

Governor Chang Geng of Shaanxi and Gansu

The Governor of Shaanxi-Gansu-Ili is a senior official in charge of the military and political affairs in the three provinces of Shaanxi-Gansu-Ili. After several changes, his regional name and official position were customized in the twenty-five years of Qianlong until the demise of the Qing Dynasty.

In Xuantongyuan, Ilgen Jueluo Chang Gung, who was born in Zhenghuang Banner of Manchuria, became the governor of Shaanxi but Gansu. After the Wuchang Uprising broke out, the governor of Shaanxi and Gansu, who had served as an official in Wuzhi for several times and had a good record, gave the governor's seal to Zhao Weixi, who was in charge, and fled in a hurry. After four years of death, I am "respectful".

Sichuan Governor Zhao Erfeng

In the 14th year of Shunzhi, the Governor of Sichuan was formally established in Chengdu. Although there were changes during this period, they were all customized after 24 years of Qianlong.

In the third year of Xuantong, Zhao Erxun, then the governor of Sichuan, was transferred to the governor of three northeastern provinces, and Zhao Erxun's younger brother Zhao Erfeng became the last governor of Sichuan in the Qing Dynasty.

Zhao Erfeng is a man with some talent. He did a great thing in Sichuan, that is, defeated the Tibetan rebels manipulated by Britain and kept Tibet within the territory of China. He was also preparing to emigrate to Tibet.

However, when he was in office, there was a road protection movement in Sichuan, and he led troops to suppress it, known as the butcher Zhao. The road protection movement can be said to be the introduction of Wuchang Uprising. After Wuchang Uprising, Zhao Erfeng was removed from the post of governor and became the minister of border defense.

Then Sichuan became independent and Zhao Erfeng handed over power. Subsequently, in the civil strife that broke out in the Sichuan military government, Zhao Erfeng was beheaded in Chengdu as the "culprit" and became the only governor among the nine government officials to be executed.

In fact, this man still has historical achievements, not just his reactionary side. Even if he died before the railway protection movement, he would become a national hero like Zuo.

Governor Li Jingxi of Yungui

Governor Yungui is a senior official of Yungui. He used to be the magistrate of military affairs and expenses, and once ruled Guangxi Province.

In Xuantongyuan, Li Jingxi, nephew of Li Hongzhang, a famous minister in the late Qing Dynasty, became the governor of Yunnan and Guizhou.

When he was Governor Yungui, he was the general manager of Jiangwu Hall in Yunnan. He once said that Governor Yungui could not do it, and Jiangwutang could not do it. As a result, most of the people who came out of this Jiangwu Hall were revolutionaries. Zhu De is from this school, or Li Jingxi was specially admitted.

And he is more open-minded, Cai E in yunnan revolution series, he turned a blind eye. So after Wuchang Uprising, Cai E sent him abroad as a gift.

After arriving in Shanghai, he was arrested and had his hair cut. After that, he joined Yuan Shikai, became the "Four Friends of Songshan" together with Zhao Erxun, and worked in Yuan Shikai's regime. After Yuan Shikai's death, he took refuge in Tianjin. 1925, died in Shanghai.

Governor Zhang of Guangdong and Guangxi

Governor of Guangdong and Guangxi, in charge of military and political affairs of Guangdong and Guangxi.

The governor of Guangdong and Guangxi was under the greatest pressure, because most of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom and Sun Yat-sen were active in Guangdong and Guangxi, where anti-Qing forces were most vigorous.

The last satrap was Zhang, who has been here for two years. After bribing the powerful faction at that time-Prince Aisingiorro and Prince Heshuoqing, Zhang became the governor of Guangdong and Guangxi, and started a sinful career.

When he became governor of Guangdong and Guangxi, Zhang stubbornly supported the monarchy, opposed democracy and wantonly killed revolutionaries. In the famous Huanghuagang uprising, the bloody suppression of Zhang led to the failure of the uprising.

During the Wuchang Uprising, he also learned from Ruicheng and fled to Japan with the money he collected. After Yuan Shikai came to power, he returned to China. After returning to China, he became Yuan Shikai's adviser, and Yuan Shikai became the trumpeter of the emperor.

The most shameful thing is that after the September 18th Incident, Zhang colluded with Japanese secret agents to help others. After the Lugouqiao Incident, Zhang publicly took refuge in the Japanese and became a traitor. 1945, Japan was going to be defeated, and he also organized a Buddhist meeting to pray for the Japanese. After the defeat of Japan, it is said that he was scolded to death, and he was probably scared to death. It can be said that he is the most humiliating governor in this country.

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These nine were the last generation of government officials in the Qing Dynasty, with different endings. Some were martyred, some beheaded, some died and some became traitors. Perhaps the most sighing is Zhao Erfeng. It's not that there are no talents in the Qing system, but that people do their best.