In ancient times, Cangzhou was sent to Cangzhou. Is this Cangzhou today?

Hello everyone, we meet again. I am Lao Chen from Cangzhou, a native of Cangzhou.

Whether I was studying in the past or traveling abroad on business now, whenever I say that I am from Cangzhou, my friends will always ask: Cangzhou, you know, this is where Lin Chong was assigned. Forehead. . .

Regarding this issue, I mentioned it in my previous answer, so I will say it again here.

Let’s first talk about Lin Chong’s transfer to Cangzhou. Mr. Shi Naian rewrote this section in great detail:

Gao Qiu designed to frame Lin Chong and sent Lin Chong to Cangzhou. He also told Jie Chai to kill Lin Chong on the way. When Lu Zhishen learned that Lin Chong had been assassinated, he was afraid that something might be wrong on the way, so he escorted Lin Chong to Cangzhou before leaving with peace of mind.

It can be said that the Water Margin made Cangzhou famous all over the world, and also made people think that Cangzhou is still desolate now. The martial arts in Cangzhou were brought by criminals, and the tough folk customs were left by criminals in ancient times, etc. I would like to refute this. The Song Dynasty specially distributed serious criminals to Hainan Island and Shandong Salmon Island. As for Lin Chong's dispatch to Cangzhou, it was actually made up by the novelist. There is no record in official or unofficial history that Cangzhou was the place where prisoners were distributed. But as soon as this "unnecessary" hat is put on, the psychological reality becomes the historical reality. What's incredible is that many people in Cangzhou themselves don't know this. They often say to outsiders: "You know Cangzhou, beat that place!" Uh-huh. . This also shows that the power of culture is even more terrifying than the army.

Finally, I would like to say that no matter how good-looking Water Margin is, it can be read as a novel, not a history, let alone a true story.

At the same time, Damei Cangzhou welcomes friends from all over the country to study, play, work and start a business.

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After I wrote my answer yesterday, I was sprayed all over my body. Sweat, some people said that I was trying to clean up Cangzhou. What can I do to clean up my reputation? Cangzhou City is here, and friends can come over and play at any time. Let’s not talk about the curse words, but what about the quality? I just express my opinion based on the information I checked, and I can correct it if it is wrong.

Some people say that in the Song Dynasty, Cangzhou was the border between Song and Liao, so prisoners were sent to Cangzhou to serve as troops to guard the border. It is true that Cangzhou is near the border of Song and Liao, but it is not yet the border of Song and Liao. The closest border pass to Cangzhou, Yijin Pass, which is today's Bazhou, is nearly 350 miles away. Moreover, places like Xiongxian and Bazhou still have ruins of military facilities such as battle tunnels and tunnels built in the Song Dynasty. Where are the ruins of military facilities in Cangzhou?

Furthermore, prisoners must be sent to barren and desolate places, but Cangzhou is not as desolate as said in Water Margin. The Song Dynasty was the richest dynasty in history and implemented the salt system. Salt tax was the largest tax revenue in the Song Dynasty. There are 12 large salt farms in Yanshan, each with an annual output of 5,000 to 6,000 bales, with a net weight of 578 kilograms per bale. The salt farms cover an area of ??1,628 hectares and 33 acres. In the "Song Dynasty" there was a saying here that "all the green smoke is boiled with salt". We won’t say whether it’s rich or not, but it’s definitely not as desolate as described in Water Margin. Before the Yuan Dynasty, the economy of the south was not as good as the north, and it was a truly barbaric land. For example, Su Shi was exiled to Hainan Island.

So I think that being dispatched to Cangzhou is just a novel by Mr. Shi Naian. It’s okay to say it with a smile, but don’t take it seriously. No matter whether it is ancient Cangzhou or the current location of Cangzhou, there is no historical record of prisoners being distributed. The famous Lin Chong does not appear in the history books at all, and he is also a fictional character. If you don't like my personal opinion, please don't comment, just comment with quality.

The first thing I want to say is that Dongguan, 20 kilometers east of Cangzhou City, is also called Jiuzhou, which is the place where the Iron Lion is located. This is a story from the Song Dynasty, and Water Margin is a It's a novel, but in the Song Dynasty, Cangzhou was indeed a border gate. Liulang, a general of the Yang family, guarded the border gate in Woniu City, just north of Cangzhou. Cangzhou people used to have the habit of practicing martial arts. Why did they have this habit? Why did they have this habit? As for Gejiuzhou, let me talk about it here.

In the Song Dynasty, the city of Cangzhou was located in Jiuzhou. Later, the Jin Kingdom occupied Cangzhou, and the Yuan Dynasty destroyed the Jin Kingdom. The Yuan Dynasty established its capital in what is now Beijing, and under the Yuan Dynasty came the Ming Dynasty. Zhu Yuanzhang drove the Yuan Dynasty north of the Great Wall and divided the land among his children. King Yan Zhu Di was divided into what is now Beijing. Zhu Yuanzhang established his capital in Nanjing. Only then did King Yan raise an army. He encountered a stubborn enemy in Cangzhou. The whole city resisted his army. When the city was broken, the people picked up sticks and fought with King Yan's soldiers and horses. As a result, King Yan massacred the city, and only a dozen or so people were left in the entire Cangzhou city. King Yan ascended the throne and became the emperor, and moved people into Shanxi. Cangzhou City moved 40 miles westward, which is now Cangzhou City. Compared with the new city, the original city is old, and this is how the old state came to be.

Why do people in Cangzhou have the habit of practicing martial arts? This has something to do with the way of life of people at that time. Most of the land in Cangzhou is saline-alkali land and the food supply is insufficient. In order to survive, practice martial arts. Practice martial arts. What do they do? Some join the escort bureau, some work as bodyguards for wealthy families, and some of them become bandits who specialize in robberies. As the saying goes, the soil and water support the people. I have studied it specifically. When I arrived in Shandong, I also studied why they eat the same pancakes. It is all because of their different ways of living.

I had the same question before. Cangzhou was not far from the capital of the Northern Song Dynasty, and it was not a desolate place. Why was there a character assigned to Cangzhou in the Water Margin?

In fact, to clarify this issue, we must first understand two points: first, whether Shi Naian, the author of Water Margin, had sufficient geographical knowledge; second, what was the territory of the Song Dynasty in the late Northern Song Dynasty. Let’s talk about the first point first: Shi Naian (about 1296-about 1370), whose original name was Yanduan, also named Zhaorui, Haozi’an, and Naian. A native of Xinghua, Taizhou, his ancestral home is Suzhou. He is the son of Zhou people. He was born in Baiju Town, Xinghua (now Dafeng District, Yancheng City). He entered a private school at the age of 13. He was a scholar at the age of 19, a scholar at the age of 29, and a Jinshi at the age of 35. Between the ages of 35 and 40, he served as an official in Qiantang for two years. Later, he fell out with the authorities and returned to Suzhou. At the age of 60 in the 16th year of Zhengzheng (1356), Zhang Shicheng occupied Su and was not recruited. He became friendly with Zhang Shicheng's general Bian Yuanheng, and later lived in Jiangyin and taught in Zhutang Town. At the age of 71 or 72, he moved to Xinghua, then moved to Baijuchang and Shijiaqiao. Zhu Yuanzhang was defeated after repeated conquests; he finally died in Huai'an at the age of 74. The book is "Water Margin", one of the four famous classics. It can be seen from the above resume of Shi Naian that Shi Naian has never been to Cangzhou, or even Hebei. Given the level of social productivity at that time, I believe he had never seen a map of the late Northern Song Dynasty (he lived at the end of the Yuan Dynasty and the beginning of the Ming Dynasty, about 200 years after the end of the Northern Song Dynasty). Therefore, in the Water Margin, there is "Lin Jiaotou, the God of Fengxue Mountain" In a chapter like "Temple", there are no mountains within 200 kilometers of Cangzhou. The nearest mountain is in Jinan, Shandong. Where did the mountain temple come from? It can be seen that the author did not focus on geographical issues when creating literature, so he was dispatched to Cangzhou, so there can be reasonable doubts.

Let’s talk about the second point. In the late Northern Song Dynasty, where was Cangzhou in the Northern Song Dynasty?

Interested friends can click on this map to enlarge it. At that time, Cangzhou was on the border of Song and Liao. In this case, it would not be so incomprehensible that Cangzhou would be dispatched?

It needs to be emphasized that the ancient original site of Cangzhou was near the current Jiuzhou, about 20 kilometers east of Cangzhou City, and was not the current location of Cangzhou City. Our ancestors have been reproducing in the Cangzhou area since ancient times. During the Warring States Period, it was located at the junction of the Qi, Lu, Yan and Zhao kingdoms. It was a fertile place. It is not as everyone imagines. The place of distribution must be desolate and remote. Nowadays , Cangzhou City’s GDP ranks third in Hebei Province, second only to Tangshan City and Shijiazhuang City. It is also ranked in the 50th or 60th place nationwide and is one of the top 100 cities in the country.

In summary, it is indeed possible to send prisoners to Cangzhou as mentioned in Water Margin. After all, Cangzhou was located on the border of Song and Liao Dynasties at that time, and was the frontier of military confrontation. Sending prisoners to the military frontier was a common practice in the past dynasties, but it may also be The author made it up. After all, where it is distributed is not the main issue in the creation of the work. But it is definitely not because Cangzhou is desolate.

There is no second Cangzhou in the country, and the county that can be found is also in the Northern Wei Dynasty. It has a long history. I have a few questions. One is, is Cangzhou a place where rabbits don’t poop? To be sure, because this place does not grow food, it is a saline-alkali land, but grass and reeds grow. The ancient city of Jiuzhou is very small. There is a horse racing field to the north of Cangzhou. It is sparsely populated and is ideal as a battlefield. Some people say that the lack of people and the alkaline land are very poor. , let me tell you, there is an iron lion in Cangzhou, which weighs several thousand kilograms. Iron was very expensive in the past, and these scrap irons are also valuable. How much does it cost to cast such an iron lion? Who is willing to build an expensive lion in a barren land to bless who? Salt-alkali land? Obviously not, it means that there is wealth in this place, which is salt. The place that the government wants to control is not poor, but it is remote, sparsely populated, and has abundant forage. The tips of the reeds are good feed, and can also be used as fuel and military supplies. , it is ideal as a horse breeding farm and a logistics support base for the army. Salt, fodder, and horses are all necessary for war, and are as important as food. There are salt farms, horse farms, and forage mills not far away, just thirty kilometers away. Grand Canal, is it normal to have an army in a place like this? Lin Chong was a dispatched soldier, not a commoner, so it was most reasonable for him to come to Cangzhou. Some people say that there is no official history, which means Lin Chong is not qualified. Is the history of an ordinary criminal worth recording? Lin Chong was sent to Cangzhou. The description is very reasonable, whether it is a novel or a history. Another point is, there is a mountain temple. If there are no mountains in Cangzhou, how can there be a mountain temple? There were many temples in the past, such as the Guan Gong Temple and the Niang Niang Temple. They did not necessarily have corresponding sacred objects before they had temples. Besides, there were mountains in Cangzhou, but they were just small. They were located in Haixing. Moreover, the author has not been to Cangzhou, but only heard about it. After talking about the general situation, it is also possible to write about the mountains. It's not a bad idea. If there is Lin Chong and there is a matter of distribution, then it is not a lie to come to Cangzhou!

Cangzhou is indeed the place of distribution, because Cangzhou was the front line during the Song Dynasty, and one of the three passes guarded by Yang Liulang was in Ba County, Xiong County. In the Song Dynasty, only serious criminals would be sent to Salman Island, where they would survive a narrow escape and serve as less serious border guards.

Therefore, it is very possible that Lin Chong was sent to Cangzhou according to the laws of the Song Dynasty. Cangzhou's martial arts originated in the Ming Dynasty and flourished in the Qing Dynasty. Cangzhou was established as a state this year 1500 years ago, but the history of Cangzhou City is much later. Because King Yan swept north, Cangzhou Zhengding and other places were thousands of miles away from the Red Cliffs. Most of the people in Cangzhou moved here one after another after the second year of Yongle. The development of martial arts is due to the Qing Dynasty restricting Han people from forming associations and hiding weapons privately. The Hui people in Cangzhou are more famous for martial arts. The eight major surnames of the Cangzhou Hui people, Zhang Xiang, Li Liuyin and Ma Hui, also moved here after the second year of Yongle in the Ming Dynasty. The migration places included Erlanggang in Nanjing and Yangxin in Shandong.

"Be sent to Cangzhou" is mostly seen in "Water Margin". For example, Lin Chong was sent to Cangzhou. But many people think it is just a novelist's words.

There are differences between ancient Cangzhou City and current Cangzhou.

The ancient Cangzhou City was formerly Fuyang County built in the fifth year of Emperor Gaozu of the Western Han Dynasty (202 BC). It was the same city as Bohai County and got its name because the floating water was in the south. In the 18th year of Kaihuang's reign in the Sui Dynasty (AD 598), Bohai County was changed to Qingchi County. In the first year of Zhenguan in the Tang Dynasty (AD 627), it was changed to Qingchi County, Jingcheng County, Cangzhou. During the Five Dynasties, it was changed to Cangzhou City, which was still used in the Northern Song Dynasty.

In the second year of Yongle in the Ming Dynasty (AD 1403), the prefecture of Cangzhou was moved to Changlu. The ancient Cangzhou City has become a historical ancient site that has been preserved to this day in Jiuzhou Town, Cangxian County, about 20 kilometers east of today's Cangzhou City.

Mentioning the "distribution to Cangzhou" in "Water Margin", let's briefly talk about the system of assassination and distribution in the Song Dynasty.

Imprisonment is a special punishment method that has appeared since the late Tang Dynasty and the Five Dynasties. The laws of the Sui and Tang Dynasties established the five-penalty system (i.e., whipping, cane, disciple, exile, and death, which is a new five-penalty system compared to the five punishments of Mo, Gao, Gao, Palace, and Pi slavery. The five punishments of slavery are all corporal punishment or death) , the punishment of whipping and exile was abolished, and was replaced by a combination of exile and military service. Anyone sentenced to exile would serve in the penal colony for one year.

In the Five Dynasties and later the Tang Dynasty, all those sentenced to exile were punished with a stick. In the later Jin Dynasty, the punishment of stabbing the face was created, combining the punishment of stabbing the face with the punishment of bleeding, and collectively called the punishment of stabbing the face, but at that time the punishment of stabbing the face was only used for both the punishment of stabbing the face and the punishment of exile.

In the Northern Song Dynasty, the method of breaking the stick was implemented, and the execution of the original four punishments of flogging, cane, imprisonment, and exile was replaced by the punishment of the stick. However, at the same time, the punishment of stabbing and pairing since the later Jin Dynasty was used and developed as a punishment. Leniency to the death penalty. The punishment of stabbing one's wife became a severe punishment that combined the three punishments of being stabbed in the face, being beaten with a stick, and being exiled, second only to the death penalty.

According to the severity of the crime, the assassinations in the Song Dynasty were divided into different levels: assassinations in Benzhou, neighboring states, 500 miles, 1000 miles, 2000 miles, 3000 miles and Shamen Island. In the Northern Song Dynasty, assassinations in Salmen Island were regarded as except for the death penalty. maximum penalty.

Among them, there are many details about "thorn noodles". Thorn noodles are roughly divided into "big thorns" and "small thorns". The content of the tattoo is usually tattooed with the words "Choose a certain state (prefecture) prison city". For those who commit serious crimes, the tattoo will be very large; and the shape of the tattoo will be different depending on the crime. Later, it was stipulated that "anyone who is killed by a robber" should have the word "robber" tattooed on his forehead, and the remaining characters should be tattooed on both cheeks.

At that time, the place where labor reform was carried out was generally called Laocheng Camp. "Water Margin" also mentioned many times, for example, Wu Song was sent to Mengzhou Prison Camp. The prison camp was similar to the current prison.

According to the records of Song Dynasty: "In the beginning, when women were guilty of crimes and were exiled, they also held acupuncture and served as slaves. Then, they were dismissed. At the beginning, miscellaneous criminals were ordered to stay in Shamen Island until they died, and they were not allowed to serve. The prison cities of various states". It can be seen that at that time, every state had a prison camp, and of course Cangzhou was no exception. Moreover, Cangzhou was regarded as a quasi-border city in the Northern Song Dynasty at that time, and it was normal for Cangzhou to be sent to Cangzhou.

Cangzhou has not changed in ancient and modern times, but it is difficult to establish that prisoners are assigned to Cangzhou.

Cangzhou City in Hebei Province became famous due to Shi Naian's "Water Margin" and became a barbaric place where prisoners were distributed. Everyone also imagines this place as overgrown with grass, rampant bandits, and hordes of criminals. In the novel, Lin Chong was wronged and sent to Cangzhou, but this may be just a place imagined by Shi Naian, not a historical fact. There are three general reasons:

1. Lin Chong lived in the Northern Song Dynasty. In the last years of the Northern Song Dynasty, Kaifeng, the capital of the Northern Song Dynasty, is now Kaifeng, Henan Province. Hebei is not far from Henan. The places where prisoners are distributed are generally remote, desolate and remote places on the frontier. During the Northern Song Dynasty, most of them were in Hainan, and Lin Chong would not be sent to such nearby neighboring provinces. If this is the case, it is difficult for Gao Yanei not to be afraid of Lin Chong coming back for revenge. This is the hatred of seizing his wife. The distance is too close. If Coach Lin hears the news, he will rush back in two days. Gao Yanei thinks about it, isn't he afraid?

Second, the ruins of the ancient Cangzhou city wall still exist, and more than ten tons of various ancient coins alone have been unearthed, indicating that this place has long been a prosperous metropolis. Historical events prove that Cangzhou was a prosperous town in the north long before the occurrence of "Water Margin". In the Song Dynasty, this was the border between Song, Liao, Song and Jin. At that time, the commodity economy developed, and it was an important border trade town.

Third, there is no mention of Cangzhou as a place of exile in official and unofficial histories.

So the place is the original place, but the distribution of criminals has never happened.

There has never been an official history saying that Cangzhou was once a place where prisoners were distributed. Cangzhou is located along the Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal, close to Beijing and Tianjin. It is the only place where Beijing and Tianjin go to Jinan and Jiangnan. Water and land transportation are quite developed, and it is a distribution center for material exchange. Moreover, Cangzhou has been established for 1,500 years and is not a barbaric land. There are many temple ruins in the ancient city, which shows that the incense was very prosperous at that time. This situation will only occur if this area has a prosperous life and a stable society.

"Distributed to Cangzhou" comes from "Water Margin". Because during the Northern Song Dynasty, Cangzhou was on the border of the Northern Song Dynasty, so sending Cangzhou to Cangzhou was a punishment, which had the meaning of increasing the population of the area and strengthening the border defense to resist the invasion of the Northern Kingdom. Later, in the Yuan Dynasty, Cangzhou belonged to the central area. Don’t misunderstand Cangzhou. It is still very prosperous now

It is the current Cangzhou. In ancient times, Cangzhou’s territory was almost all saline-alkali land. Cangzhou was assigned by Lin Chong in the Northern Song Dynasty. It is estimated that it is now Yanshan County, where there is a hill.

I didn’t know that there were mountains in Cangzhou. In the 1980s, I went to Yanshan to collect fish and saw two mountains. The big mountain is on the border of Shandong and the small mountain is on the border of Cangzhou.

I pursue dreams and enjoy life. My hometown is Cangzhou. Today I will explain this issue in detail. Today's Cangzhou City is not the location of ancient Cangzhou. Ancient Cangzhou refers to the land in my hometown (now Beiguan Village and Dongguan Village, Jiuzhou Town, Cang County), which is the place where Cangzhou was assigned in ancient times. Now I refer to Cangzhou’s past and present lives come together one by one.

Cangzhou means Canghai. In the Western Han Dynasty, Fuyang County was established as the seat of Bohai County. Changlu County was established in the Northern Zhou Dynasty and belonged to Zhangwu County. In the second year of Xiping (517) of the Northern Wei Dynasty, Cangzhou was established and named after its proximity to the Canghai Sea. At that time, the state government was in Rao'an, which is now Qiantong Town in Yanshan County. It was called Qiantong City in the Qin Dynasty. It was Qin Shihuang who sent Xu Fu to seek the elixir of immortality, recruited and trained thousands of boys and girls and skilled craftsmen, and started from there. The starting point of the crossing. "Wei Shu - Su Zong Ji" records that in October of the second year of Xiping, "there was a severe famine in the four prefectures of You, Ji, Cang, and the four prefectures. Sun Xiong, the chief minister, and Deng Xian, Yuan Zuan, and other governors were dispatched to open warehouses to provide relief to the people." . This is the first time that the word "Cangzhou" appears in history. From this, we can also know that Cangzhou was in the summer and autumn of this year.

Jiu Cangzhou, commonly known as Jiuzhou, is the location of ancient Cangzhou. During the Spring and Autumn and Warring States periods (around 220 BC), it was the junction of Yan, Zhao and Qi. After Qin unified China, it belonged to Julu County. In the fifth year of Emperor Gaodi of the Western Han Dynasty (202 BC), Fuyang County was established here. Because the Fushui River flows through the south side, it was called Fuyang. According to records in "Hanshu. Geography" and "Taiping Huanyu Ji", "Bohai County" was established in the same year. After the Eastern Han Dynasty, the word "Bo" with three dashes of water was used, and it was called "Bohai County".

In the late Song Dynasty, Cangzhou was the border between Song and Liao. Due to repeated wars, it became a desolate place. Many prisoners were sent to this place. After nearly a thousand years of changes, although the people in old Cangzhou have changed, "Lin Chong was sent to Cangzhou" The stories of "Burning the Forage Farm" and "Lin Chong Feng Snow Mountain Temple" are still passed down from generation to generation, and are known to women and children.

"Linchong Temple" is located on the west side of the North-South Avenue from the south gate of the old city and north of the Nanpai River. The map of the old city also records a forage yard about five or six miles east of the ancient city.

Nowadays, the ancient city wall is dilapidated and has lost its former majestic appearance. In the howling cold wind, we lament the vicissitudes of the world and the power of time. The desolate and tragic feeling will not be repeated.

"Ink marks in the vegetable garden, chickens in the Nantang, Cangzhou iron lions, iron money storehouse stacks, iron-making ovens, Lin Chong Temple, Beihai fish pond, Mao Gong Ganquan, Longchi praying for rain, and inscriptions at the mouth of the river." The ten sceneries of ancient Cangzhou are mainly the famous iron lion, the iron coins that are as solid as stone, and the romantic and dignified red grass...and many other beautiful and moving legends, which I will talk about later.