Zionism and the return of Jews

In recent centuries, many Jews in exile have been trying to return to Israel. Since the 18th century, there have been several small waves of return, ranging from hundreds to thousands of people. In 1878, the first large Jewish farm community appeared in Petatikva. The first large-scale wave of return began in 1881, when Jews scattered in other parts of the world came to Palestine. Jews bought land from the Ottoman Empire and * * * people and settled down. With the increase of Jewish residents, their relationship with * * * people is becoming increasingly tense. In 1896, based on the persecution of Jews in Eastern Europe, theodor herzl, a Viennese journalist and playwright, launched the Zionist Movement, also known as the Zionist Movement. The movement called on Jews scattered all over the world to return to their homeland and restore their own way of life. On August 29th, 1897, in Basel, Switzerland, he convened the first "World Zionism Congress", which decided to establish "a homeland (or country) recognized by the public and guaranteed by law". The Jewish National Fund and the Palestinian Land Development Corporation were established to help Jews from all over the world immigrate to Palestine. The development of Zionism promoted the second wave of return (194-1914), and about 4, Jews returned to settle down. In 1917, British Foreign Secretary Belfo issued the Balfour Declaration: "His Majesty the King * * * supports the establishment of a Jewish national homeland in Palestine and will do his utmost to promote its realization". In 192, the League of Nations entrusted Britain with jurisdiction over Palestine. In 1922, Britain divided the trust territory into two parts: the eastern part (now Jordan) was inhabited by * * * people and the western part was inhabited by Jews. On June 15th, 1945, the survivors of Buchenwald concentration camp were arrested by the British trusteeship when they arrived in Haifa. After World War I, Jews set off the third and fourth waves of return, which led to conflicts with local people. Pan-* * activists, such as A Min A. Hussein, advocated a Palestinian uprising in 192, followed by several riots in 1936-1939. In response, Britain issued a white paper in 1939, stipulating that Jews could immigrate to 75, people in five years after 39 years, and would not accept Jewish immigrants thereafter. This white paper is regarded by many Jews and Zionists as a betrayal of Jews, and it is considered as a violation of the Balfour Declaration. * * * people's resistance has not subsided, and they hope to completely stop Jewish immigration. In 1933, the Nazis came to power in Germany, which triggered the fifth wave of Jewish return. In 194, Jews accounted for 3% of the local residents. Later, the final settlement of Jews in Europe further promoted the return of Jews. Between 1944 and 1948, about 2, Jews came to Palestine through various channels. After the end of World War II, there were already 6, Jewish residents in Palestine.