How did Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty govern the country?

If the "law of changing ancestors" belongs to the change of organizational line, then the "separatist princes" in history are the adjustment of corporate governance, which is often accompanied by the reorganization of power and the change of organizational structure. A little carelessness will lead to blood shed for years and heavy losses.

In the ancient times of China, Xia, Shang and Zhou were basically allied organizations, similar to the current agency system. After Qin Shihuang unified the six countries, the Qin State Group was formally established, with divisions, departments and offices (county system). Only the group has legal person status, and other institutions do not. Financial power and human rights were all owned by the head office, realizing a high degree of centralization, which was a major institutional change at that time.

Then the Han Dynasty Group. It is a nerve-racking problem for Liu Bang, CEO of the group, to continue to implement the previous agency system or business division system. Finally, he adopted "one-time, two systems": the sphere of influence near the headquarters, namely, the Gyeonggi area, operates according to the mode of subsidiaries (different from the branch system of the Qin State Group), while the remote areas adopt the agency system for others to explore and give enough preferential policies.

These subsidiaries hold the power of local taxation and the appointment and removal of officials, and have legal personality, so they are called "vassal countries". "Francisco" is a fence, which means that these subsidiaries guard the central headquarters around the capital like a fence. The bosses of these subsidiaries are all called "prisoners", and Liu Bang stipulates that they must be Liu's children to be the bosses of the subsidiaries.

But when the bosses of these subsidiaries are too powerful to listen to the words of the head office, they need to be restrained. Why is it called "cut"? Take your time, chop a little today, chop a little tomorrow, and chop down his power bit by bit. This is called "cutting princes." If you turn into a "chopping fan" and chop it with a big knife, you may be bitten by the quilt company and lose both sides.

It was precisely because Emperor Han Jing listened to the advice of Chao Cuo, a think tank, that he "cut the vassal", which triggered the rebellion of the bosses of eight companies and almost made the CEO's throne unstable.

Han Jing Emperor's reckless Han Group was founded by Liu Bang, and was caught by his wife Lu, who appointed his own family and made the head office fly around like a dog. Finally, the senior vice president and sales veteran set things right and let Liu's descendants regain power, known as Wendi in history.

When the Liu family and the Lu family clashed, the development of each subsidiary was vigorous. When Emperor Wendi ascended the CEO throne, he basically formed a pattern of "weak headquarters and strong place", and the strength of the subsidiary made him obey the head office. Although many courtiers constantly suggested cutting the vassal, Emperor Wen of the Han Dynasty knew that the time had not come and repeatedly rejected such articles.

By the time Han Jing succeeded to the throne, the forces of the Ministry had begun to recover, but they still didn't have the strength to cut Francisco.

At this time, an important figure-Chao Cuo appeared. He studied Confucianism and was knowledgeable. He was then a senior assistant to the CEO. After doing some market research, he submitted a survey report "Cutting Francisco" to Emperor Jing of Han Dynasty, and suggested cutting Francisco immediately. Emperor Han Jing's grasp of the general trend is much worse than his father's. He agreed to the proposal in a muddle, and appointed Chao Cuo as the person in charge of the project.

The boss of the subsidiary below will definitely not want to cut Francisco above. In the subsidiary, these bosses are emperors, to the letter. As a vested interest, who wants to hand over their power for nothing? So conflicts and contradictions are inevitable.

But at this time, Chao Cuo, the head of the vassal regime project, realized a dead principle: without the vassal regime, the country would be in chaos, and once these people became strong, they would rebel sooner or later. Finally, the hesitant Han Jingdi agreed. But neither of them thought of what they would do if these people really rebelled. Due to underestimation, when the bosses of various subsidiaries began to attack one after another, Chao Cuo, the project leader, was tricked into the execution ground by Emperor Han Jingdi as a scapegoat, which temporarily eased the contradiction.

In Song Dynasty, Su Dongpo wrote an essay "On Chao Cuo", pointing out the reasons for the failure of this vassal-cutting. He thinks it is right to cut the vassal, otherwise it will be very unfavorable to the long-term stability of the whole. But Emperor Han Jing made three mistakes: first, he chose the wrong time to attack the princes; Second, choose the wrong person to cut the Francisco; Third, the wrong method was chosen to cut the princes. He believes that in order to succeed in this matter, we must "know what it is, be fearless and be willing to do it."

Of course. It is to think this matter clearly in advance and grasp the relationship. What will happen if I do? Chao Cuo didn't think clearly. What he put forward was a slogan: "If you cut it, you will be reversed. If you don't cut it, you will be reversed." Only these eight words, no feasibility study, no operation plan, he just thinks it should be done, that's all.

I'm not afraid of anything. Just don't be afraid when things come, because what you do is hard to do, and once initiated, it will cause a strong rebound. At this time, you must be fearless in times of crisis, have firm command, and then "advise Xu Wei".

Xu's photo. That is, you should have enough wisdom and methods, take your time and deal with the problem quietly. If things are slow, things will be round. We should implement it step by step.

The deepest understanding of Su Dongpo's thought is Kangxi of the Qing Dynasty. In the process of pacifying San Francisco, he made full use of these three strategies, planned with his grandmother sourdrang queen for about five years, thought about all possible results, and then opened a breakthrough from Shangkexi, the weakest captaincy, and slowly figured it out. Finally, in the face of Wu Sangui's sweeping rebellion, he took his time, personally expedition, and achieved satisfactory results in the case of internal and external troubles.

Emperor Wudi's step-by-step method: His father died of depression, but Emperor Wudi Liu Che took this lesson to heart.

/kloc-When Liu Che, 0/6 years old, ascended the CEO throne, the Han Dynasty Group, which had been governed by Wenjing, had entered a benign development track, with social stability and peace of mind. However, the subsidiaries are getting bigger and bigger, and the control of the headquarters over the localities is getting weaker and weaker. However, the executives at the headquarters are obsessed with superficial peace and prosperity and begin to be extravagant and corrupt.

In this regard, Liu Che fully absorbed his father's failure experience and gathered enough people and talents to start the first step of breaking the game-launching the Emperor.

At that time, after the death of the captaincy, the eldest son, as the heir, inherited all the territory and power of his father, and other children did not get any benefits. Zhu, a senior assistant of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, put forward a new policy, the content of which was that after obtaining the consent of the emperor, the princes could divide their fiefs into several parts and set up their own children as Hou. The status of these vassal States should be decided by the central government, and the territory of these vassal States comes from the original vassal States. Once these vassal States were established, they no longer belonged to the original kingdom, but to nearby counties, that is, to the leaders directly under the central government. The title of the pardon-that is, to promote the emperor's kindness-in such a nice name, the vassals lost nothing in name, but their absolute territory soon changed from big to small, which fundamentally solved the problem of sovereignty.

With the smooth implementation of the first step, Liu Che has successively promulgated new laws and regulations, such as the Left Official Law, the Interest Law and the Arab Party Law, to further restore local power. The so-called Arab party law means that "the princes are guilty, and Fu and Xiang do not play, so they are Arab parties." Adam is a felony. He was a senior official appointed by the central court and served as Fu Hexiang in the vassal states. Any misconduct of the princes, if not discovered or reported to the central authorities in advance, will be dealt with according to the crime of the Arab Party.

Divide the internal strength of each subsidiary through the favor law, and then let the following executives supervise each other through the Arab Party law, so that they have to choose to report the prisoner's dilemma first. Finally, the financial power and personnel power of subsidiaries are concentrated, and subsidiaries become branches, and even some subsidiaries become offices. Unconsciously, the ultimate goal of cutting princes was achieved.

Unfortunately, Zhu Jun, Wen Jian of the Ming Dynasty, was not so lucky and made the same mistake as Han Jing. Shortly after he acceded to the throne, the situation was unstable, so he took the advice of Fang Xiaoru, a great scholar, and became a vassal, and was finally driven away by his uncle Judy. Francisco didn't cut it, but cut his throne.