The history of Hubei

During the Xia Dynasty, the influence of Xia culture had reached the Jianghan area. After the establishment of the Shang Dynasty, Hubei was included in the territory of the Shang Dynasty. During the Western Zhou Dynasty, many small countries appeared in Hubei. During the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, the southern countries gradually unified under Chu.

After Qin Shihuang unified China (221 BC), he abolished feudalism and implemented a system of counties and counties. Most of Hubei belongs to Nanjun, and parts of the northwest, north, and southwest belong to Hanzhong, Nanyang, Changsha, Qianzhong, and Jiujiang counties. , juxtaposing several counties.

In the Western Han Dynasty (206 BC to AD 25), most of Hubei Province belonged to the Jingzhou Governor's Department; in the Eastern Han Dynasty (25 to 220 AD), Nanjun, Nanyang County, Jiangxia County, Hanzhong County, and Lujiang County were located along the border.

During the Three Kingdoms period (220-280 AD), Wei, Shu, and Wu competed for Jingzhou. Later Wei and Wu were divided into Jiangxia County, Wuchang County, Nan County, Yidu County, Jianping County, Wuling County, and Changsha County. , Xiangyang County, Nanyang County, Nanxiang County, Yiyang County, Weixing County, Xincheng County, Shangyong County, etc.

During the Two Jin Dynasties (265-420), most of Hubei still belonged to Jingzhou including Jiangxia, Xiangyang, Nanjun, Jianping, Yidu, Yiyang, Nanxiang, Nanyang, Shangyong, Xincheng and Nanping, Changsha, Tianmen, Wuling, Weixing and other counties began to establish prefectures, counties and counties.

From the Yongjia period of Emperor Huai of the Jin Dynasty to the Song and Yuanjia years of the Southern Dynasty (307-453), immigrants migrated southward. Among them, the immigrants in the middle and upper reaches of the Yangtze River Basin in Hubei, today's Jiangling and Songzi, mainly came from Shanxi, Shaanxi, and Henan. , a small amount comes from the Huaihe River Basin in Anhui and Jiangsu. Most of the immigrants in the lower reaches of the Yangtze River in today's Wuchang and Huangmei areas came from Henan, and there were also some immigrants from Huaibei, Anhui. However, the main area receiving immigrants in Hubei is still the Han River Basin, from present-day Yunxi and Zhuxi to present-day Yicheng and Zhongxiang, with Xiangyang as the center.

During the Southern and Northern Dynasties (420-589), Hubei mainly fell within the scope of the Southern Dynasties, and still had states, counties, and counties. Overseas Chinese established more states, counties, and counties, with frequent changes and chaotic organizational systems.

After the unification of the country in the Sui Dynasty (581-618), the prefectures, counties, and counties established by overseas Chinese were first abolished, and then restored in the third year of Daye of the Sui Dynasty (607). Except for the northwest part and the eastern corner of present-day Hubei, most of it belongs to Jingzhou, which governs Nanjun, Yiling, Jingling, Mianyang, Qingjiang, Xiangyang, Chongling, Hanjiang, Anlu, Yongan, Jiangxia and other counties. In the ninth year of Kaihuang's reign (589) in the Sui Dynasty, Jiangxia County was renamed Ezhou for a time, and Jiangxia was governed. Later, Ezhou became the administrative seat. This is where Hubei is now referred to as Hubei.

At the beginning of the Tang Dynasty (618-907), the country was divided into ten tracts, which later increased to 15 tracts. Hubei is bounded by Shannan East Road in the west, Huainan Road in the east, Jiangnan West Road in the southeast, and Qianzhong Road in the southwest. Jiangxia was changed to govern Ezhou, and Jingshan and Fushui were changed to Yingzhou. There were also fifteen states including Xiangzhou, Suizhou, Junzhou, Fangzhou, Xiazhou, Fuzhou, Quanzhou, Qizhou, Anzhou, Huangzhou and Mianzhou. state. Later, there were Shannan Dongdao Jiedushi, Jingnan Jiedushi, and Wuchang Jiedushi, who were responsible for the various states.

During the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period (907-960), the seven prefectures of Xiang, Jun, Fang, Sui, Ying, Fu, and An in Hubei have always belonged to the Five Dynasties, and the three prefectures of Huang, Qi, and Hubei initially belonged to Wu , later belonged to the Southern Tang Dynasty; the two states of Huang and Qi returned to the Later Zhou Dynasty. The Nanping Kingdom (924-963) in the Jiangling area established its capital in Jiangling and occupied the three prefectures of Jing, Gui, and Xia; Shi Prefecture belonged to Shu.

In the Song Dynasty (960-1279), Jinghu North Road (the name of Hubei originated from this) was established in central Hubei, including E, Fu, Xia, Guizhou, Jiangling Prefecture, De'an Prefecture, and Jingmen Army, The Hanyang Army and others (33 counties under its jurisdiction) occupy most of Hubei; the Jingnan Road is located in the north, including Sui, Jin, Fang, Jun, Yingzhou and Xiangyang Prefecture, as well as the Guanghua Army (19 counties under its jurisdiction); Approximately bounded by the Yangtze River, the north belongs to Huainan West Road, which has Qi and Huangzhou (5 counties under its jurisdiction); the south belongs to Jiangnan West Road, which belongs to Xingguojun (3 counties has jurisdiction over); the west of Shizhou belongs to Kuizhou Road; the southwestern part of Hubei For Jimo Prefecture. After the Jingkang Rebellion, two-thirds of the Jianghan Plain in Hubei came from Nanchang Prefecture. Eastern Hubei and Northern Hubei come from Nanchang, Raozhou.

In the Yuan Dynasty (1279-1368), there were 3 Zhongshu Provinces and 11 Xingzhongshu Provinces in the country. In present-day Hubei, the south of the Yangtze River belongs to Huguang Province (governing Jiangxia, today's Wuchang, Wuhan City), with Wuchang Road, Xingguo Road, Hanyang Prefecture and Guizhou; the north of the Yangtze River belongs to Henan Province, with Xiangyang Road, Huangzhou Road, Qizhou Road, Zhongxing Road, Xiazhou Road, Anlu Prefecture, Mianyang Prefecture and Jingmen Prefecture; the northwest corner belongs to Shaanxi Province, and the western Kuizhou Road and Jimo Prefecture belong to Sichuan Province.

At the beginning of the Ming Dynasty (1368-1644), Hubei belonged to the Huguang Province. Later, the country was divided into thirteen chief envoys. The entire territory of Hubei today basically belongs to the Huguang Buzhengshisi (governing Jiangxia, today's Wuchang, Wuhan City), including Wuchang Prefecture, Hanyang Prefecture, Huangzhou Prefecture, Chengtian Prefecture, De'an Prefecture, Jingzhou Prefecture, Xiangyang Prefecture, Yunyang Prefecture, and Yongzhou Yuezhou Prefecture, Hanyang Prefecture, Hengzhou Prefecture, Changde Prefecture, Chenzhou Prefecture, Changsha Prefecture, Baoqing Prefecture, and Liping Prefecture.

The Ming system was still used in the early Qing Dynasty (1644-1911). In the third year of Emperor Kangxi's reign (1664), Huguang was divided into two regions, roughly bounded by Dongting Lake, with the Hunan Chief Envoy in the south and the Hubei Chief Envoy in the north. They were designated as Hubei Province and the provincial capital Wuchang. Hubei encompasses 8 prefectures, including Wuchang, Hanyang, Huangzhou, Anlu, De'an, Jingzhou, Xiangyang, and Yunyang. The overview of the administrative regions of Hubei Province has been basically formed.

By the end of the Qing Dynasty, the Hubei Provincial Government controlled 10 prefectures including Wuchang, Hanyang, Anlu, Xiangyang, Yunyang, De'an, Huangzhou, Jingzhou, Yichang, and Shinan, as well as the Zhili Prefecture of Jingmen and the Zhili Department of Hefeng 60 counties, 6 scattered prefectures, and 1 scattered hall. In the 16th year of Kangxi's reign, the Qing army killed innocent people indiscriminately in order to eliminate the rebels. The population was completely depleted and the area was desolate. The Qing government issued an edict, and many residents in Jiangxi, Hunan, and Hubei were forced to relocate. Folks refer to this large-scale immigration as "Jiangxi fills in Huguang, and Huguang fills in Sichuan."

During the Republic of China, the overall division of Hubei Province changed little. In 1911, the "Revolution of 1911" broke out in Wuchang, Hubei Province. In 1912, the administrative system of prefectures, prefectures and departments was abolished and re-divided, and provinces were divided into two levels of administration: roads and counties. In 1927, the first-level administrative system of roads was abolished and two levels of administrative regions were implemented: provinces and counties. In 1932, the administrative divisions between provinces and counties were established. Administrative inspection districts were added; by 1949, Hubei Province had established 1 city (Wuchang City and Hankou City were directly under the jurisdiction of the National Government), 8 administrative inspection districts, and 69 counties.

After 1927, the people’s revolutionary armed forces led by the Communist Party of China established many revolutionary regimes. During the Agrarian Revolutionary War, the Huang'an peasant regime was established, which was expanded into the Soviet Government of the Hubei-Henan-Anhui Special Administrative Region and the Soviet Government of Hubei-Henan-Anhui Province; the five-county joint county government of the Western Hunan-Hubei Soviet, and later changed to the Soviet Government of Western Hunan-Hunan-Hubei Province and the Western Hunan-Hubei Province Soviet Government. Soviet government.

In April 1941, the Hubei-Henan Border Region Administrative Office was established. From October 1945 to June 1946, it was expanded and established as the Central Plains Liberated Area Administrative Office.

From August 1946 to May 1947, five regions were established in northwest Hubei.

At the end of 1947, Jianghan Administrative Office and Hubei Administrative Office were established respectively.