What effects or harm will China’s large population migration have?

In the long history of more than 2,000 years, population migration of varying scales has never stopped. There are many reasons for population mobility, such as forced migration organized by the government, officials traveling with their families to settle down, spontaneous migration caused by natural and man-made disasters, etc. The last one is relatively common. In history, every major political change in the Central Plains will cause a large-scale population migration to the south. The three largest waves of migration occurred respectively in the Eight Kings Rebellion and Yongjia Rebellion in the Western Jin Dynasty, the late Tang Dynasty and the Five Dynasties War, and the Northern Song Dynasty. These were periods of great turmoil such as the Jingkang Incident.

After the establishment of the Western Jin Dynasty, Emperor Wu Sima Yan named all the children of the Sima family kings and shared taxes. Some kings with the same surname even commanded the central army. Emperor Hui of Jin who succeeded Emperor Wu was an idiot. The queen and the empress dowager started a power struggle, which caused a 16-year (AD 291-306) eight princes and kings (Wang Liang of Runan, Wang Wei of Chu, Wang Lun of Zhao, and King of Qi). , Changsha Wang Yi, Hejian Wang, Donghai Wang Yue and Chengdu Wang Ying) fought for the throne, fighting against each other and killing each other, which was called the "Eight Kings Rebellion". This gave the ethnic minorities an opportunity to invade the Central Plains. In the fifth year of Emperor Huai's reign in Yongjia (AD 311), the Huns captured Luoyang, captured Emperor Huai, burned and looted, and killed more than 30,000 princes, officials, and civilians. After crossing, the Western Jin Dynasty was destroyed, which was known as the "Yongjia Rebellion" in history. Under the double oppression of class and nationality, the people of the Central Plains crossed the Huaihe River and headed south one after another. This was the first large-scale population migration in Chinese history. With the establishment of the Eastern Jin Dynasty in the south, the population from the north migrated to the south on a larger scale. By the early years of the Liu and Song Dynasties in the Southern Dynasties, the population of Nandu had reached nearly 300,000 households, reaching more than 900,000, accounting for 1/6 of the total population of the south at that time. A large number of refugees poured into the Bashu area, and the indigenous residents of Bashu fled to the Jing and Xiang areas in large numbers. "There were more than 100,000 households in Jingzhou at that time", which injected new vitality into the south and promoted the extensive "fire farming and water farming" in the south of the Yangtze River. The transformation from traditional agricultural production methods to intensive agricultural production methods has increased food production and land utilization.

The second climax of population migration from the Central Plains to the south occurred after the An-Shi Rebellion in the Tang Dynasty. The Sui and Tang Dynasties were a prosperous period for my country's feudal society. However, in the 14th year of Tianbao (755), An Lushan, who was the governor of three towns, and his accomplice Shi Siming launched a rebellion. The Yellow River Basin was once again severely damaged, and ethnic minorities traveled to the Central Plains. , and took advantage of the empty frontiers of the Tang Dynasty to move in large numbers; during the late Tang Dynasty and the Five Dynasties period, ethnic minorities competed with local separatist forces for power and profit. The people's lives were ruined and their homes were destroyed. They had to leave their hometowns and seek a place to live in the relatively stable south, far away from the political center. This is another period of large-scale population migration to the south in the history of our country. According to the estimation of Chinese geographer Professor Hu Huanyong, China’s second great population migration caused by the Anshi Rebellion has fundamentally changed the geographical distribution pattern of China’s population. For the first time, the population of the south exceeded that of the north, and the center of China's population geographical division moved from the Yellow River Basin to the Yangtze River Basin for the first time.

The Jingkang Revolution in the Northern Song Dynasty in 1127 and the Song Dynasty's migration to the south led to the third wave of population migration southward in China. The policy of emphasizing culture over military affairs in the Northern Song Dynasty caused the crisis of "poverty and weakness" lurking in society. The ethnic minority regimes such as Liao, Xia, and Jin were eyeing the Central Plains. In the second year of Jingkang of Qinzong (1127), under the strong attack of the Jin army, the Hui and Qin sects were captured, and the Northern Song Dynasty fell. This was the "Jingkang Incident". Kang Wang Zhao Gou fled to Lin'an (now Hangzhou) and proclaimed his accession to the throne, establishing the Southern Song Dynasty. The people in the vast occupied areas in the north could not bear the rule and national oppression of the Jin Dynasty aristocrats and were forced to migrate. The relatively stable social environment and large amounts of uncultivated arable land in the south attracted people from all over the country who longed to live and work in peace and contentment. A large number of royal families, officials, and Scholars and people flocked to Jinghu, Liangzhe and other places in the south and returned to the Southern Song Dynasty. “The scholars and people of the Central Plains helped and supported the southern crossing, numbering in the tens of millions,” so that “after Jianyan (1127-1130), Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Hunan, Fujian, and Guangxi were filled with people living in the north.” By this time, with the migration of a large number of labor forces and advanced reclamation technology from the north, most of the original "barbaric lands" had become "land of plenty". The customs and habits of the north and the south were integrated with each other, and the south was economically stronger than the north. establish.

In general, these three migrations of population south were caused by wars; the number of people who migrated was large and the classes were broad, ranging from royal families to monks, nuns and peasants; they were scattered in Hunan, Zhejiang, Guangdong and Guangxi, and even Hainan. land. The Yellow River Basin is China's economic, political and cultural center, and for this reason it has become a focus of contention for political careerists. For most people in each wave of southward migration, although they miss their homeland, once they enjoy the superior natural conditions and relatively relaxed political environment in the south, they start their own business and thrive in the south, which promotes the development of the south. and economic development, strengthened national integration and unity, and derived the tasteful and dynamic Jiangnan culture; even the latest research results show that the integration of the northern and southern populations has also improved the genetics of the Chinese people, making China a world leader very early The most populous country in the world.