What are the location conditions for the formation of cities?

Cities have existed for more than 3000 years and played a leading role in social development, so do you know? The information I have compiled here is for your reference. I hope you will gain something in the reading process!

introduce

I. Topography and urban location

1. Cities are mainly distributed on the plains: China's cities are mainly distributed on the third step, and the three major urban belts in the United States are all located on the plains. Flat terrain, fertile soil, easy to cultivate, but also conducive to transportation, saving construction investment, is an ideal place for urban development.

2. Tropical cities are distributed in the plateau: Brazilian cities are mainly distributed in the Brazilian plateau, not the Amazon plain. The tropical lowlands are sultry and the living conditions are unfavorable.

3. Distribution of mountainous cities: distribution of cities in river valleys or relatively open lowlands, such as Fenhe River and Weihe River basins.

Second, climate and urban location.

The influence of climate on cities is mainly manifested in the cities in the world, most of which are distributed in the middle and low latitudes, with moderate precipitation and temperature. In this zone, the climatic conditions in coastal areas are generally better than those in inland areas, and the population is concentrated in coastal areas, so that most cities in the world are concentrated in marginal areas near the sea.

The world's three major urban agglomerations: Europe, about 60 south latitude; Japan, the Korean Peninsula and the eastern coastal and plain areas of China; The northeastern United States.

There are few cities in desert arid areas, high latitude cold areas and hot and humid rain forest areas. Only Baotou, Lanzhou and Urumqi in China are located in arid and semi-arid areas in northwest China, with annual precipitation less than 400 mm.

Three. River and city location

1. The water supply and transportation functions of rivers were more obvious in ancient times. Setting up cities along the Yangtze River is the general law of the distribution of cities in southern China.

Location of cities along the river: ① the starting point or end point of river transportation, such as Ganzhou, Jiangxi; (2) River intersections, such as Yibin, Wuhan and Chongqing, are located at the intersections of Minjiang River, Jialing River, Hanshui River and Yangtze River respectively; (3) estuaries such as Shanghai and Guangzhou.

2. Military defense: the place where the river bends the most, the island in the middle of the river. Such as Bern, Paris, Boston, etc.

Fourth, natural resources and urban location.

After the industrial revolution, science and technology and social productive forces developed rapidly, and the types and quantities of natural resources developed and utilized by people continued to increase. With the development and utilization of mineral resources and the development of industry and mining, a number of emerging cities have emerged in industrial and mining areas rich in mineral resources.

Cities with developed coal mines: Birmingham, Manchester, Pittsburgh, etc.

Cities developed by world oil: Aberdeen, etc.

Cities that rely on gold mines to rise: Johannesburg, etc.

Cities where iron ore has developed: Anshan, Baotou, Panzhihua, etc.

Cities developed by relying on China Petroleum: Daqing, Yumen, etc.

Coal industry cities: Datong, Hegang, Fushun, Kailuan, etc.

Verb (abbreviation for verb) traffic and city location

Traffic also has an important influence on the location of the city. Cities are settlements with high population density and large area. They are distribution centers for goods and people, and need convenient transportation conditions. Therefore, the trend of urban distribution is to concentrate on places with convenient transportation. Cities in the world are generally built on traffic lines, and the axis of cities can be formed along the coast, along rivers, along railway trunk lines and along highways. In different traffic times, the location factors of cities are different.

Ancient city: the south is mostly located at the intersection of rivers, and the north is mostly located at the intersection of avenues, such as Handan.

Modern city: A city is formed along railways and highways. From Shijiazhuang, Zhengzhou, Bengbu, Baoji and other railway hubs, Zhuzhou is a "train-driven city", with Beijing-Guangzhou, Zhejiang-Jiangxi and Hunan-Guizhou lines passing through the city.

Intransitive Verbs Politics, Military Affairs, Religion and Urban Location

Ancient castles in Athens, Rome, Xi 'an, Luoyang, Brasilia, Washington, Canberra, Australia and Pakistan have all been built as political centers. San Diego and Annapolis in the United States, Plymouth in Britain, Toulon in France, sasebo in Japan and Lushun in China are all famous military cities with a large number of troops and military facilities. Mecca, Medina, Vatican and * * * developed from religious centers.

When analyzing the factors of urban location, we should pay attention to many factors affecting urban location, and the leading factors affecting urban location are different in different development periods of the same city. Urban location factors are constantly changing, and some factors, such as military and religion, have weakened their influence on modern cities; Some factors, such as traffic and natural resources, have always had a great influence on urban site selection. In modern society, some new factors have become the dominant factors affecting the location of some cities. Such as Tsukuba Science City in Japan formed by science and technology; Cities that have sprung up suddenly due to tourism factors, such as Guilin, Tai 'an and Huangshan.

Knowledge expansion: settlement

1, the concept of settlement

The floorboard of various forms of human settlements. The word "settlement" refers to ancient villages. For example, China's "Han Shu" records: "It is not harmful for a long time, and it will be a settlement after a little construction." Modern refers to all settlements. Settlement is the research object of settlement geography.

Settlements originated in the middle of Paleolithic Age and gradually evolved with the progress of human civilization. Under the primitive commune system, the settlement with clan as the unit is a pure agricultural village. After entering the slave society, there appeared urban settlements where residents did not rely directly on agriculture for their livelihood. However, commodity economy does not occupy a major position in slavery society and feudal society, and rural settlements have always been the main form of settlements. After entering the capitalist society, cities or urban settlements have developed widely, and rural settlements have gradually lost their advantages and become the bottom part of the settlement system.

Settlements usually refer to fixed settlements, and only a few are mobile. Settlements are composed of various buildings, structures, roads, green spaces, water sources and other material elements. The larger the scale, the more complex the composition of material elements. The architectural appearance of settlements varies with different lifestyles. For example, large long houses of Iban people in Borneo, mounds in western China, caves in the Loess Plateau, underground or semi-underground houses in arid areas such as Central Asia and North Africa, water houses along some rivers and tents in nomadic areas are all special settlement forms.

2. Residential area classification

Settlements have different plane forms, which are restricted by economic, social, historical and geographical conditions. Villages with a long history are mostly reunion, and regional immigrant villages with late development are often loose. Urban residential areas also have various plane forms because of different local conditions. The main direction of settlement economic activities determines the nature of settlements. The basic content of rural settlement economic activities is agriculture, which is customarily called countryside. There are many economic activities in urban residential areas, and the relationship between various economic activity variables reflects the functional characteristics and nature of the city.

*** 1*** Rural residential areas

Rural residential areas are residential areas where agriculture is the main form of economic activities. In agricultural or forest areas, villages are usually fixed; In pastoral areas, there are both settled settlements, seasonal settlements and nomadic tent settlements; In the fishing area, there is also a boatman village with boats as the living room.

Generally speaking, rural settlements include farmhouses, barns, warehouses, roads, canals, green spaces beside houses, and ancillary facilities under specific environment and specialized production conditions. Small villages generally have no service function, while central villages have small shops, small clinics, post offices, schools and other living services and cultural facilities. With the development of modern urbanization, urbanization villages similar to cities have appeared in the suburbs of cities.

***2*** Urban residential areas

Urban settlements are settlements with non-agricultural activities and non-agricultural population as the main body, and the scale is larger than that of rural areas and market towns. A city is the political, economic and cultural center in a certain geographical area, with a large population, high density and strong heterogeneity in occupation and demand.

Generally speaking, urban residential areas have large housing area, dense roads, more productive facilities such as factories, and more living services and cultural facilities such as shops, hospitals, schools and theaters.