Where is Jiangdong Sixty-fourth Village today? How big is the scope?

Speaking of Jiangdong, many people will think of Jiangdong located in the Jiangnan area during the Three Kingdoms period, but in fact, Jiangdong here refers to the east bank of the Heilongjiang River; as for the Sixty-four Tuns, it is also the Sixty-Four Tuns. four villages. To put it more simply, Jiangdong Sixty-Four Villages refers to the sixty-four villages located on the east bank of the Heilongjiang River.

The specific locations of these sixty-four villages are in present-day Russia, from the mouth of the Jingqili River on the other side of Heihe City, Heilongjiang Province, to the south on the other side of Holmojintun in Sunwu County. A section of land with a total area of ??about 3,600 square kilometers, approximately equivalent to three Hong Kongs.

Sixty-four villages in Jiangdong have been officially part of China since the Tang Dynasty. During the Qing Dynasty, the sixty-four villages in Jiangdong were under the jurisdiction of the deputy capital of Aihui. Since the Qing government has been banning the Northeast since entering the customs, and did not allow people inside the customs to go outside the customs, the number of Chinese people outside the northeastern region was not large at that time. However, Jiangdong No. 64 Tunnel was the richest place in the middle reaches of Heilongjiang due to its fertile land, so It is one of the few Chinese gathering areas in the outer Northeast.

At that time, there were 16 Manchu villages with 3,286 people in Jiangdong Sixty-Four Village; 14 Han villages with 5,400 people; 14 Daur villages with 1,960 people; and other ethnic minority villages. There are 20 villages with 2,000 people; a total of 64 villages with 12,646 people. When Cixi came to power, the number of Chinese residents who worked in the Hailan Paohe gold mines lived here, so the number of residents increased significantly, reaching 35,000.

After the Second Opium War broke out, Tsarist Russia began to systematically invade China's outer northeastern region. Jiangdong No. 64, a fertile and prosperous area, naturally became their primary target.

So in 1854, Russia first used force to force General Yishan stationed in Heilongjiang to sign the "Aihui Treaty" and ceded 600,000 square kilometers of land north of Heilongjiang, including Jiangdong No. 64 Tun, to Tsarist Russia.

Then, when the British and French forces entered Beijing, Tsarist Russia also took advantage of the situation and forced the Qing government to sign the "Sino-Russian Treaty of Beijing". It not only recognized the legitimacy of the "Aihun Treaty" but also further seized It covers an area of ??400,000 square kilometers east of the Wusuli River. So far, Tsarist Russia has occupied nearly 1 million square kilometers of land in Northeast China. These areas are also called "Outer Northeast".

However, although Tsarist Russia occupied the Sixty-fourth Village in Jiangdong, according to the "Aihun Treaty", the Chinese still enjoyed permanent residence rights in the Sixty-fourth Village in Jiangdong, and the Qing government had permanent rights to the people there. In terms of jurisdiction, the Tsarist Russian government was not allowed to infringe upon the local Chinese people, but the Qing court only had the power to govern here but no sovereignty.

So for a long time thereafter, the Chinese and Russians in the Sixty-four Tun area of ??Jiangdong lived in peace and harmony.

But the problem is that the reason why Tsarist Russia swore in the treaty to ensure that Chinese people can live permanently is because the immigrants in Tsarist Russia still need food from the Chinese people, and they are afraid that Chinese residents will move back with their families on a large scale, leaving This place is deserted, that's why.

Therefore, after a large number of immigrated Russians gained a foothold, the Tsarist Russian government began to systematically implement the "Russification" policy, which would completely turn this area into a Russian residence.

So, after the Boxer Rebellion broke out in 1900, Tsarist Russia created the Jiangdong 64th Tun Massacre and the Hailanpao Massacre on the pretext of preventing the Boxer Rebellion from spreading to the northeast, and called it Gengzi Russia. Disaster?.

On July 15, 1900, Gribsky, the governor of the Amur Province in the Far East of Tsarist Russia, suddenly ordered a ban on Chinese people crossing the river and detained all ferries. Immediately afterwards, the Hailanpao City Police Department began to arrest all the people in the territory. of Chinese. The next day, the Russian army began to search for Chinese people in No. 64 Village in Jiangdong. All Chinese people, regardless of gender, old or young, were arrested.

Waiting until the early morning of July 17, the Russians rushed all the detained Chinese to the Heilongjiang River and ordered them to "cross the river" collectively. In fact, they wanted to drown these Chinese alive. On that day, all Chinese people were forcibly driven out of Heilongjiang. Even children and women were not spared. Many young and middle-aged men ran out desperately, but were immediately shot and killed by Russian soldiers.

Later, the Qing troops stationed on the riverside tried their best to rescue after hearing the news, but nearly 7,000 people died. The surging Heilongjiang suddenly turned into an endless river of blood! This was also the biggest massacre, the biggest tragedy and the biggest crime in the history of Heilongjiang, so much so that Lenin even criticized it: They killed and set fire to the village, drove the people into Heilongjiang and drowned alive, and shot and stabbed unarmed people to death. residents, their wives and children, the Tsarist government's policy in China was a criminal policy. ?

After this incident, the Chinese in the Sixty-fourth Village of Jiangdong were basically eliminated, and this area truly became an area under the jurisdiction and residence of the Russians. However, after the fall of the Qing Dynasty, starting from the Republic of China government, successive governments did not recognize Jiangdong Sixty-four Tuns as Russian territory.

It was not until 1991, after the disintegration of the Soviet Union, that our government and the Russian government re-demarcated the Sino-Russian border and officially recognized the abandonment of Jiangdong Sixty-fourth Village. However, in return, Russia also returned half of Heixiazi Island to China. Today, Jiangdong No. 64 Village has become the legal territory of Russia, and there are almost no Chinese here.