Analyze the inevitability of the Sino-Japanese Sino-Japanese War of 1894-1895, and what was the outcome of the war? What is the impact on the political situation in China outside the Far East?

As early as 1868, Meiji Emperor Mu Ren issued an imperial edict at the beginning of his accession to the throne, declaring that he would "open up Wan Li waves and declare his national power in all directions" with the aim of expanding overseas. 1868 After the Meiji Restoration, China and Japan signed the first modern treaty, the Sino-Japanese Reconciliation Treaty. The first paragraph says: "Later, the Great Qing Dynasty became friends with Japan, and it was boundless. That is, the States and territories to which the two countries belong should also be treated with courtesy, and permanent security cannot be obtained with a slight violation. " This is an equal treaty.

However, while the treaty was waiting for ratification, the Ryukyu boat people were killed. 187 1, 65438+ In February, Ryukyu boat people drifted to Taiwan Province Province because of the wind, among them, 54 people were killed by the aborigines of Taiwan Province Province, and the rest were escorted back to China by the Qing government. At that time, Ryukyu was the territory of the Qing dynasty, and there was no objection to this. The incident subsided and the Japanese government did not know. The following year, the Japanese emissary went to China to change the contract and read about it in the Mansion Newspaper of the Qing government. So, while reporting to China, he made representations to the Prime Minister's yamen to test the Qing government's attitude towards Ryukyu and Taiwan Province Province. The Prime Minister's yamen replied: "The two islands (Ryukyu and Taiwan Province Province) belong to the soil, and the people who belong to the soil kill each other. The ruling is mine. Why bother to ask questions about your country? " This statement was originally very good, but it was added to the superfluous words: "The killers are all unfamiliar, so it is appropriate to release them outside, and there is no cure until they are finished." This made the Japanese seize a handle and make a big fuss about the word "externalization", saying that the aborigines in Taiwan Province Province did not live in China territory, and used this as an excuse to attack Taiwan Province Province.

1In February, 874, the Japanese army landed in Langya, Taiwan Province Province and began its attack on Taiwan Province Province. For Japan, this action was quite risky, not only because of the disparity in national strength between China and Japan at that time, but also because international public opinion did not support it. By the end of the war in August, the number of Japanese troops had increased to 3600, but the attack was still unfavorable and morale was low. At this time, Japan saw that the odds were too small, so it sent a special envoy to Beijing to try to end the war with dignity.

After the Japanese minister came to China in September, he first bluffed, then expressed his "sincerity" to end the war, saying that Japan had spent a lot of money to send troops to Taiwan Province Province, and China could not let the Japanese army return empty-handed. He should pay for some soldiers, and then Japan will withdraw its troops, so that both sides will be passed. The Qing government felt that it was in an advantage in the war and it was unreasonable to end the war by losing money, but it didn't want to spend too much energy on making a fuss and wanted to make peace, which meant that it could consider "compensation" for the "victims" in Taiwan Province Province as appropriate, which was equivalent to acknowledging the principle of compensation. In the Beijing Special Agreement signed on June 365438 +3654381October +0, the killing of Ryukyu people was written as "Japanese nationals were killed", Japan's attack on Taiwan Province Province was written as "a righteous act to protect the people", and China compensated 502,000 silver in the name of "pension". The Beijing Special Treaty provided a basis for Japan to annex Ryukyu. 1In April of 879, Japan occupied Ryukyu and changed its name to Okinawa Prefecture.

After fiddling with Taiwan Province Province, I began to fiddle with North Korea. At that time, Korea was still under the control of the closed feudal dynasty, with backward productivity and crumbling domestic political situation, which was supported by the Qing Dynasty for a while.

After the Meiji Restoration, Japan began to strengthen its influence in North Korea, and strived to make North Korea break away from the control of the Qing government and become an "independent country" through diplomatic means. Diplomatic efforts were not very successful because there was not enough power to support them. 1884, while China was busy with the Sino-French war, Zhu Tian, the Japanese ambassador to North Korea, instigated the pro-Japanese "Hua Kai Party" coup and overthrew the conservative regime overnight on 12.4. The next day, the king issued an imperial edict to reform politics and established the Hua Kai Party Government. Conservatives quickly requested the support of the South China army, so Yuan Shikai led 2,000 troops to denounce the disorderly party in the name of protecting the North Korean government and broke into the palace on February 6, 65438. Bamboo Tim was outnumbered, set himself on fire at the embassy and fled overnight. The prime minister, ministers and more than 30 Japanese of Huakai Party were killed in the riots.

The Japanese government immediately sent a foreign minister to lead a large number of troops into the DPRK, and the Qing government also sent imperial envoys to take troops and warships to the DPRK. In the confrontation, Japan felt that its military preparation was insufficient, so it did not take military action and turned to diplomatic means. At that time, many people in Japan advocated using the Sino-French war to launch a war against China quickly. However, the faction headed by Ito Bowen, considering Japan's national strength, especially the lack of military strength, advocates "saving money quickly, building more railways, catching up with the navy" and accumulating strength.

1In the spring of 885, Japan sent Bowen Ito as the plenipotentiary ambassador to China to negotiate the North Korean issue. During the negotiation, Ito often threatened to return to China. Later, Li Hongzhang was furious: "China didn't do anything wrong in North Korea, and the mistakes were all in Zhu Tian; If you break up like this, I'm only going to fight! " Nevertheless, in the Tianjin Treaty signed after many days of entanglement, Japan gained the right to send troops to North Korea.

After the signing of the treaty, the Qing government appointed Yuan Shikai to take charge of North Korea affairs and tightened its control over North Korea. Japan, on the other hand, has strengthened its economic penetration, stepped up its military expansion and prepared for war, waiting for an opportunity.

The next nine years, on the surface, are calm, but the situation is quietly changing. ...

The Japanese have been paying attention to China. 1880, Yamagata Aritomo, the Japanese chief of staff, submitted an investigation report on China's army to Emperor Meiji, pointing out that the Qing government was reforming its military system. If we follow the example of Europe, it can recruit 4.25 million soldiers in peacetime and 8.5 million soldiers in wartime. Therefore, he believes that "the stronger the soldiers in neighboring countries, the more indispensable the soldiers in this country." After 1890, Japan used 60% of the national fiscal revenue to develop its navy and army. Starting from 1893, Emperor Meiji decided to allocate 300,000 yuan from his own court funds every year, and then draw one-tenth of the salary of Wenwu Baiguan to supplement the shipbuilding expenses. The morale of the whole country is high, aiming to catch up with and surpass China, and preparing to fight a war of "gambling on national luck". 1890, Beiyang navy had 7 warships with a tonnage of over 2000 tons, with a tonnage of over 27000 tons. The Japanese navy has only five warships of more than 2,000 tons,17,000 tons. 1892, Japan completed its ten-year expansion plan from 1885 ahead of schedule. On the eve of the Sino-Japanese War, Japan had established an army with 63,000 standing soldiers and 230,000 reserve soldiers, and a navy with a displacement of 72,000 tons, surpassing the Beiyang Navy.

During this period, the Qing government saw that after decades of Westernization Movement, in a series of military confrontations, unlike during the Opium War, foreigners' gunboats could not cope at all and were inevitably on cloud nine. In the process of dealing with western countries, I realized that westerners have no intention of annexing countries, but just want to take advantage of trade, so I relaxed my arms consciousness even more. Although some actions of Japan, an eastern neighbor, in recent years make people vaguely feel that it will be a trouble in the future.

Beiyang Navy has not added any ships since it was formally established in 1888, and its age is gradually aging. Compared with the newly added warships in Japan, the firepower is weak and the action is slow. After 189 1, even guns and ammunition were not bought. This is not because the arms industry is localized-the money was used by Cixi to repair the Summer Palace. Empress Dowager Cixi said that Guangxu 1875 was young when he reached the pole, so I had to listen to politics. From 1886 to "training politics", 1889 to "returning to politics". I don't ask anything. Can't I build a garden for the elderly? Compared with Emperor Meiji, the contrast is so obvious!

The Signing Process of treaty of shimonoseki

China and Japan signed a humiliating treaty with 1895.

After Meiji Restoration, Japan "expanded its territory" and landed in the west with the targets of North Korea and Chinese mainland. 1876, Japan forced North Korea to sign the first unequal treaty "Jianghua Treaty", from which Japanese aggression forces entered North Korea. The Qing Dynasty had a suzerain-vassal relationship with Korea, and Japan tried its best to destroy this relationship, resulting in sharp contradictions and many conflicts between Korea and China. 1885 In March, China and Japan signed the Special Terms of Tianjin Conference, which established the equal status of the two countries in North Korea. Since then, Japan has vigorously carried out military expansion and preparations for China in a planned way.

1In the spring of 894, a peasant uprising broke out in North Korea, and the North Korean government requested China to send troops to help suppress it. The Japanese government indicated that it had "no intention" to send troops to China. However, when the Qing army entered the DPRK, Japan entered the DPRK in the name of protecting embassies and expatriates, and on July 25th, it raided beiyang fleet, China, provoking the Sino-Japanese Sino-Japanese War of 1894-1895. After the war broke out, the navies of the two countries fought in the Yellow Sea. Land combat troops fought from Korea to Fengtian (now Liaoning) and occupied a large territory. /kloc-at the beginning of 0/895 (the 21st year of Guangxu), it invaded Weihai, Shandong. The Qing government had no intention of resisting Japan and made peace again and again. Finally, Li Hongzhang, governor of Zhili, was sent to Shimonoseki, Japan, to make peace with Japanese plenipotentiary, Prime Minister Ito Bowen and Foreign Minister Luo Ozong.

On March 20th, the two sides met in Chunfan Mansion. Li Hongzhang demanded a truce before the peace talks, and Japan put forward four harsh conditions, such as occupying Tianjin and other places, which forced Li Hongzhang to withdraw his demand for a truce. After the meeting on 24th, Li Hongzhang was suddenly stabbed by Japanese ronin on his way back to the embassy. Japan is worried that a third country will automatically announce its commitment to a truce under the pretext of interference. On 30th, the two sides signed a truce treaty, the truce period was 2 1 day, and the truce scope was limited to Fengtian, Zhili and Shandong. At this time, the Japanese army has occupied Penghu and threatened Taiwan Province Province. Except this area, the Japanese military pressure has been kept here. On April 1 day, the Japanese side put forward very harsh conditions for peace talks. Li Hongzhang pleaded for lowering the conditions. On June 5438+00, the Japanese side put forward the final revision opinion, asking the Chinese side to clearly indicate whether to accept it or not, and no further discussion is allowed. Under the threat of Japan, the Qing government had to accept it. On April 65, 438+07, Li Hongzhang signed "treaty of shimonoseki" which humiliated his power and country.

Treaty of shimonoseki (also known as the Treaty of Spring Sailing Tower) ** 1 1, with "Additional Agreement" and "Special Terms for Negotiation". The main contents of the treaty are: ① China recognizes North Korea's "complete independence"; In fact, it recognizes Japan's control over North Korea; (2) China ceded Liaodong Peninsula, Taiwan Province Island and all its affiliated islands and Penghu Islands to Japan; (3) China "compensated" the Japanese army for twenty-two thousand Kuping silver; (4) Shashi, Chongqing, Suzhou and Hangzhou are open as trading ports, and the Japanese government can send consular officials at the above ports, and Japanese ships can enter the above ports to carry passengers and load; (5) Japanese subjects have the right to engage in all kinds of technical manufacturing in China's trading port cities, and to ship and import all kinds of machines at will, and their products are exempt from all miscellaneous taxes and enjoy the convenience of setting up warehouses in the mainland; ⑥ The Japanese army temporarily occupied Ahava, and the China government paid the occupation fee of 502,000 kuping silver every year. Japan did not withdraw its occupation troops before paying the compensation in the late Qing Dynasty; ⑦ After this agreement is approved for exchange, the two countries will return all prisoners of war. The China government will not dispose of the surrenders among prisoners of war, immediately release the detained spies who served the Japanese army, and pardon all traitors who served the Japanese army in the war without being investigated.

The Influence of treaty of shimonoseki on China Society

Treaty of shimonoseki is the most serious unequal treaty since treaty of nanking, which has brought serious harm to modern China society and is an important step for imperialism to turn China into a semi-colonial and semi-feudal society.

(1) The cession of Taiwan Province Province and other large territories further undermined the integrity of China's sovereignty, stimulated the ambitions of the great powers to carve up China, and further deepened the national crisis.

(2) Huge compensation has increased the burden on the people of China. Meanwhile, it accelerated the development of Japanese militarism. The Qing government borrowed a lot of foreign debts, and the foreign powers controlled the economic lifeline of China.

(3) The opening of trading ports made the imperialist forces of aggression penetrate deep into Chinese mainland.

(4) Allowing investment to set up factories in China has seriously hindered the development of Chinese national capitalism.

Treaty of shimonoseki reflects the imperialist capital export and the aggressive demand of dividing up the world. The invasion of China by foreign capitalism has entered a new stage, and the degree of semi-colonization of China society has greatly deepened.

The Great Influence of treaty of shimonoseki on Chinese and Foreign History

(1) From China's point of view, (1) ceded land and compensation, and lost sovereignty, which facilitated the large-scale export of capital by the great powers to China, set off a frenzy of carve-up, marked a new stage of the invasion of China by the great powers, and greatly deepened the semi-colonization of China. China's international status has fallen sharply. (2) The China people's movement to save the nation and survive is on the rise, the bourgeoisie has set off the Reform Movement and the Democratic Revolution Movement, and the China people's spontaneous struggle against aggression is on the rise, such as the Boxer Movement.

(2) For Japan, obtaining huge reparations and strategic places such as Taiwan Province Province not only promoted the further development of domestic capitalism, but also facilitated Japan's further invasion of the Far East.

(3) As far as the situation in the Far East is concerned, it has intensified the competition among imperialist powers in the Far East. The triple interference incident clearly reflects the collusion and struggle between the great powers on the issue of aggression against China.

Full text of treaty

His Majesty the Great Emperor of the Qing Dynasty made a peace treaty with His Majesty the Great Emperor of the Japanese Empire to restore peace between the two countries and their subjects, enjoy happiness and put an end to future disputes.

His Majesty the Great Emperor of the Qing Dynasty served as the first-class plenipotentiary minister of the Qing Dynasty, the prince of Taifu Wenhua Hall, the university student, the minister of Beiyang trade, the governor of Zhili, the first-class earl Su Yi, and the former minister of the Qing Dynasty Li.

His Majesty the Great Emperor of the Great Japanese Empire, Jane, the Plenipotentiary of the Great Japanese Empire, the Prime Minister of the Cabinet, and the Plenipotentiary of the Great Japanese Empire, Ito Bowen, from two honors, the foreign minister is equal to Juelu Aozongguang; As minister plenipotentiary.

After reading each other's instructions, I found that everything was fine, so I agreed on the terms together and listed them on the left:

Paragraph 1: China recognizes that North Korea is completely independent, so any loss-making independent system, such as the ceremony of the state's contribution to China, will be abolished.

Section 2. China will manage the right to open up a place and cede all fortresses, weapons factories and all public goods in the place to Japan forever:

1. The area south of Fengtian within the lower dividing line: trace back to the mouth of Yalu River to the mouth of Anping River, and then draw from the mouth of the river to Fenghuang, Haicheng and Yingkou, and draw the area south of the dividing line. All the former towns are included in the demarcation line. After the line reaches Liaohe River in Yingkou, it reaches Binkou downstream, with the center of the river as the boundary.

The east coast of Liaodong Bay and the north shore of the Yellow Sea belong to the Fengtian Yi archipelago and are also within the territory.

Two, the whole island of Taiwan Province Province and all affiliated islands.

3. Penghu Islands is an island in the UK, with the east longitude of 190 to 120 and the north latitude of 23 to 24.

Paragraph 3: After the exchange of the boundary drawn on the map mentioned in the preceding paragraph and abiding by this Agreement is approved, two or more officials from each country shall conduct on-site reconnaissance and determine the boundary demarcation, so as to cooperate with the boundary demarcation committee. If the boundary stipulated in this agreement causes difficulties and inconveniences, such as topography or governance, all members shall give due consideration and make a decision.

All members should deal with border affairs as soon as possible with a view to completing their work within one year after their appointment. However, if members make a clearer demarcation, the two governments should make a positive demarcation according to this agreement before determining the demarcation.

Section IV: China will hand over 22 million kuping silver to Japan as military compensation; This payment is made in eight installments. The first RMB 50,000,000 should be made friends within six months after the exchange is agreed in this agreement, and the second RMB 50,000 should be made friends within twelve months after the exchange is agreed in this agreement. The balance shall be paid in six equal installments as follows: the first installment shall be paid in two years, the second installment in three years, the third installment in four years, the fourth installment in five years, the fifth installment in six years, and the sixth installment in seven years. The annual score shall be calculated from the date when the exchange is agreed in this agreement. After the first payment of compensation, the unpaid part shall be paid at the rate of 5 ‰ per year. But at any time, it depends on whether China pays the compensation in full or pays a few cents in advance. If the swap can be fully repaid within three years from the date of ratification of the treaty, the interest paid will be deducted from the bank for two and a half years, or less, and the rest will remain interest-free.

Article 5. Within two years after the exchange is approved in this agreement, local people who are willing to move outside the ceded territory are allowed to sell all their industries and retire from the border. However, those who have not moved within the time limit should be regarded as Japanese subjects as appropriate.

Another province, Taiwan Province Province, should send officials from the two countries to Taiwan Province Province immediately after the approval of this exchange agreement, and the handover should be clear within two months after the approval of this exchange agreement.

Paragraph 6: Therefore, all the covenants between China and Japan have been broken for the second time and should be abolished. China agrees to wait for this agreement to be approved for exchange, and the Japanese expeditionary plenipotentiary and plenipotentiary will conclude a trade and navigation treaty and a land trade charter. The new contract between the two countries should be based on the existing contract between China and Taixi countries. From B onwards, when the exchange is approved in this agreement, before the implementation of the new contract, all Japanese government officials, subjects, business processes, ships, land trade, etc. , and China is the official preferential treatment of the country, no difference. China will relinquish its reserve fund, which will take six months from the date when the plenipotentiaries of the two countries sign the letter of commitment.

First, in addition to the commercial ports that have been opened in China, new commercial ports should be allowed to be established to facilitate Japanese subjects to visit overseas Chinese and engage in commerce, technology and production. All additional ports shall be handled in accordance with the articles of association of the towns and cities in Haikou or Kaiinland, and enjoy all the advantages and benefits due to them:

1. Shashi, Jingzhou District, Hubei Province.

Second, Chongqing, Sichuan Province.

3. Suzhou, Jiangsu Province.

4. Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province.

The Japanese government had to send consular officers to frontier ports.

Second, Japanese ships had to sail into lower ports, carrying passengers and goods:

One is to return to the Yangtze River from Yichang, Hubei and even Chongqing, Sichuan.

2. Flowing from Shanghai into Wujiang River and Suzhou-Hangzhou Canal.

Before China and Japan agree on navigation regulations, we should set sail at various ports in accordance with the current regulations for foreign ships to enter China inland waterway.

Third, Japanese subjects want to temporarily store goods in Chinese mainland. If they are self-produced, or want to have the goods shipped to the mainland by importers, in addition to paying all the expenses for the lost tax bill, they can also temporarily rent warehouse inventory.

Fourth, Japanese subjects had to engage in various craft manufacturing at will in the trading port city of China, and had to ship and import various machines at will, only paying import duties.

Japanese subjects make all goods in China, and the rest of inland transportation taxes, domestic taxes, paper money, miscellaneous bills and the benefits of mortuary storage in Chinese mainland are the same, that is, they are treated as goods imported by Japanese subjects into other countries and excluded from the preferential treatment.

In the future, if there are any reasons for the above protection, articles of association and regulations shall be added and included in the navigation and trade treaties referred to in this paragraph.

Article 7. The Japanese troops currently stationed in China shall be withdrawn within three months after the exchange is approved in this Agreement, but it shall be handled in accordance with the provisions of the next paragraph.

Article 8. In order to protect the Ming Dynasty, China conscientiously fulfilled the provisions of the Covenant, allowing the Japanese to temporarily occupy and defend Ahava. In China, the first and second reparations stipulated in the agreement have been paid, and goods for trade and navigation have also been allowed to be exchanged. The governments of China and Japan decided to use the tariffs of trading ports as collateral for the remaining interests in a comprehensive and appropriate way. Japan can withdraw its troops. If the China government does not determine the mortgage method immediately, it should not let the Japanese withdraw their troops before paying the compensation in the late Qing Dynasty. However, even if the compensation has been paid before the lease for exchanging commercial ships is approved, Japan will not withdraw its troops.

Article 9 After the exchange of this Agreement is approved, the two countries shall return all the prisoners at that time, and China shall be returned by the Japanese, without maltreatment.

China will release Japanese nationals who think they are military spies or are suspected of being arrested. It was also agreed that between this exchange war, all China subjects involved in the Japanese army would be given loans, and the injured company would not be arrested.

Article 10 From the date when this Agreement approves the exchange, the war shall be stopped by soldiers.

Article 11 This Agreement was exchanged in Yantai on April 14th, the 21st year of Guangxu, that is, May 8th, the 28th year of Meiji, after it was approved by His Majesty the Emperor of Qing Dynasty and His Majesty the Emperor of Japan.

In witness whereof, the authorized representatives of the two countries signed and sealed it.

Li Hongzhang, the first-class plenipotentiary of imperial envoys in Qing Dynasty, was the first-class earl of Beiyang Trade Minister and Zhili Governor Su Yi.

Li is an imperial envoy and plenipotentiary of the Qing Empire and a former ambassador to China.

Minister Plenipotentiary of the Great Japanese Empire, Prime Minister of the Cabinet, First Earl Ito Bowen from the second class.

Minister Plenipotentiary and Minister of Foreign Affairs of the Great Japanese Empire were honored by two first-class viscounts, Lu Aozongguang.

March 23rd, 21st year of Guangxu reign

April 17 of Meiji 28th year

The book is at the next level. Write two points.

Another appointment

Article 1 The Japanese troops temporarily stationed in Ahava as stipulated in Article 8 of this contract shall not exceed one brigade, and all temporary stationing expenses shall be paid by China for each anniversary from the date when this contract is approved for exchange, and one quarter of five hundred and two thousand Kuping Bank.

Section 2. In Ahava, the coastal areas of Liu Gongdao and Ahava Bay should be designated as areas where Japanese troops are stationed within five miles of Rifa, Japan, or about forty miles of China.

According to Japanese international law, Japanese troops should not be (forced) to approach or station anywhere within five miles of the demarcation line.

Section 3. The local governance affairs of the Japanese garrison in China are still managed by Japanese officials. However, if a Japanese commander has to do something for the maintenance, peace, military discipline, distribution and management of the army, once it is put forward and promulgated, China officials will also be responsible for it.

Where the Japanese army is stationed, all military-related crimes are handled by Japanese military officers.

The terms stipulated in this contract are the same as those in the loading contract. In witness whereof, the authorized representatives of the two countries signed and sealed it.

March 23rd, 21st year of Guangxu reign

April 17 of Meiji 28th year

The book is at the next level. Write two points.

Attachment: Japan's naval strength at that time

[Edit this paragraph]

Japan ordered the cruiser "Yoshino" and the same model "Takasha" from British Armstrong Company. It is said that the Yoshino ship was originally ordered by China, but it was bought by Japan for lack of funds. 1February 1992,1February 20, 1992,1September 30, 1993. In the Sino-Japanese War of 1894- 1895, he participated in the battles of Toyota, Yellow Sea and ahava. In the naval battle, it was hit by 8 bombs, killing 1 person and injuring 1 person. 1898 March 2 1 was listed as a second-class cruiser. 1900 participated in Eight-Nation Alliance's war of aggression against China and patrolled the Bohai Sea. 1904 was incorporated into the first fleet and participated in the battle against Lushun in the Russo-Japanese War. 1May, 904 15 collided with the armored ship Chunri in the dense fog and sank. 1905 may 2 1.

The cruiser "Gao Qianhu" ordered by Japan from British Armstrong Company belongs to the same class as "Su Lang". Construction started on April/KOOC-0/884, May/KOOC-0/6 and was completed on March 26th/KOOC-0/886. In the Sino-Japanese War of 1894- 1895, he participated in the naval battle between the Yellow Sea and ahava, and was hit by five bombs in the naval battle. 1 person died and two people were injured. 1898 March 2 1 was listed as a second-class cruiser. 19 12 was listed as a second-class coastal defense ship on August 28th. In World War I, he was enlisted in the Second Fleet. 19 14 10 071October 17 attacked Qingdao, China, and was hit and sank by a torpedo fired by the German S90, killing 264 people. 1914101October 29th.

Akitsubo, a Japanese cruiser built by Yokosuga Shipyard, was originally built as a "Matsushima" class No.4 ship, and was later designed and built as a first-class cruiser. The ship started construction on March 1890, was launched on July 6, 892, and was completed on March 3 1 year. It is the first steel cruiser built in Japan. In the Sino-Japanese War of 1894- 1895, he participated in the battles of Toyota, Yellow Sea and ahava. In the naval battle, it was hit by 4 bullets, 5 people were killed and 10 people were injured. 1898 March 2 1 was listed as a second-class cruiser. During the Russo-Japanese War, it was incorporated into the Sixth Team of the Third Fleet as a warning ship along the coast of Japan. 19 12 was listed as a second-class coastal defense ship on August 28th. 192 1 became a submarine carrier on April 30th. 65438+65438 was dissolved in Yokosuga on July 29th at 0927+65438 on 10 +00.

Wave speed, a cruiser ordered by Japan from British Armstrong company. Commencement on March 27th 1884, launching on March 28th 1885 and completion on February 30th 1885. It is said that this class of ships was originally ordered by China and also purchased by Japan due to lack of funds. In the Sino-Japanese War of 1894- 1895, he participated in the battles of Toyota, Yellow Sea and ahava. He was hit by nine bombs in the naval battle and two people were injured. 1898 March 2 1 was listed as a second-class cruiser. In the Russo-Japanese War, it belonged to the Fourth Team of the Second Fleet. He was injured in a naval battle against Malaysia and then withdrew from the front line. 1912 On July 26th, 2002, the sea surface of Tokushima Island in Kuril Islands sank due to an accident. 1965438+August 5, 2002.

Matsushima, one of the "three-view ships" designed by French designer Louis-Emile Bertin, originally planned to build four ships, but later changed it to three. The keel of this ship was laid in French Mediterranean Ironmaking Plant and Shipyard on February, 2007 1888+07, and construction began. 1launched on October 22nd 1890, completed on April 5th 1892. During the Sino-Japanese War of 1894-1895, as the flagship of the joint fleet, she participated in the naval battles in the Yellow Sea and ahava. In the naval battle, it was hit by 13 bomb, 35 people were killed and 78 people were injured. 1March 2, 8981was listed as a second-class cruiser, and 1905 participated in the naval battle against Malaysia. After the war, the "Three Scenes Ship" was organized as a training fleet to transport naval students for long-distance training. 1On April 30th, 908, the ammunition depot suddenly exploded and sank while berthing at Magong Island in Penghu Islands on the way back from a long voyage. 1908 July 3 1.

On February 3rd, 2009, the Chiyoda 1886 19 ordered by Japan from the French company Fokis suddenly disappeared on the way to Japan, and the Japanese navy 12405300 was compensated. The Japanese used the money to order the cruiser Chiyoda from the British Brown Company. Commencement in June 1888 1 1, launching on June 3 1890 and completion on June 0 189 1. This ship is the only warship except Fusang and Bi Rui with a defensive armor belt in the middle. In the Sino-Japanese War, he took part in the Yellow Sea naval battle and the battle of ahava, and was hit by three bombs in the naval battle. 1898 March 2 1 was listed as a three-class cruiser. During the Russo-Japanese War, it belonged to the Sixth Team of the Third Fleet and escorted the transport fleet in the Korean Strait. 1On July 26th, 904, after being struck by lightning while shelling Lushun, he went to Yokosuga for maintenance, and then participated in the naval battle against Malaysia. 19 12 was listed as a second-class coastal defense ship on August 28th. In World War I, he took part in the attack on Qingdao, China. 1921April 30th became a mine car. 1 922 April1became a submarine carrier. 1924 April 1 became a brand-name ship. 1927 was sunk as a target ship in the live-fire shooting training on August 5. Later, the bridge of the ship was demolished and moved to Jiangtian Island Naval School as a command post.

Yandao Ship, one of the "Three Scenery Ships" designed by French designer Louis-Emile Bertain, is used to deal with Dingyuan Ship and Zhenyuan Ship of Beiyang Navy. 1888 65438+1On October 7th, the keel was laid in French Mediterranean ironworks and shipyard, and construction started. 1889 was launched on July 6th, and 189 1 was completed on September 3rd. 1894- 1895, participated in the naval battle in the Yellow Sea and ahava, and was hit by eight bullets in the naval battle, killing 13 people and injuring 18 people. 1898 March 2 1 was listed as a second-class cruiser. 19 12 was listed as a second-class coastal defense ship on August 28th. 19 19 April 1 As a handyman, it was renamed as Yandao Maru. 1 July 9201became a submarine carrier, and the name of the ship was changed back to Yandao. 1920 From September 20th to July 30th,1924,31was also used as the water teaching building of the submarine school. 1925 scrapped. 1March 1926 12 was dissolved in Wugang, and was registered on March 2 of the same year1.

"Li Qiao" is one of the "three scenic ships" designed by French designer Louis Emile Bertain, which is used to deal with Dingyuan and Zhenyuan ships of Beiyang Navy. On August 6th 1888, keel was laid in Yokosuga and construction began. March 24th 189 1 online, June 26th 1894 completed. 1894- 1895 Sino-Japanese War, participated in the naval battle in the Yellow Sea and ahava, and was hit by 1 1 shells in the naval battle, killing three people and injuring1. After the Yellow Sea naval battle, it replaced Matsushima as the flagship of Japan's joint fleet. 1898 March 2 1 was listed as a second-class cruiser. 19 12 was listed as a second-class coastal defense ship on August 28th. 1922 April 1 as a handyman ship. 1 925 65438+February 23rd, the following May1sold, 1927 disintegrated in Yokosuga.

Bi Rui, one of the King Kong class cruisers ordered by Japanese from Milford Port, England. Commencement on September 24th 1875, launching on June 2nd 1877 and completion on February 25th 1878. 1890 bound for Europe. Participated in the Sino-Japanese War of 1894-1895 and the Yellow Sea War, and was hit by 23 bullets, killing 19 people and injuring 37 people. After the Sino-Japanese War, the rigging device was dismantled and modified. 1March 2, 8981was listed as a third-class coastal defense ship. It was used as a warning ship in Lushun Port during the Russo-Japanese War. After the Russo-Japanese War, it became a survey ship. 1 911April1. 19 12 retired on March 25th.

Fusang, a cruiser ordered by Japan from Samuda Bros, England. Commencement on September 24th 1875, launching on April 7th 1877, 10 completion 1878. In the process of construction, the power propulsion mode of both machine and sail was adopted. On June 189 1, 1, 1, 65438+6, the sail rope device was dismantled in Yokosuga. 1894 July 2 1 completed. 1894- 1895 participated in the naval battle in the Yellow Sea and ahava. Eight shells were hit in the naval battle, two people were killed and two people were injured 12. 1897101When berthing in a Yutan on October 29th, the anchor cable broke and caused drift. After being hit by the bow of Song Dao ship, it collided with the starboard side of Yandao ship and sank in the belly. June 5 1898 Salvaged water was sent to Wu Haijun factory for maintenance. During the Russo-Japanese War, the Seventh Team of the Third Fleet participated in the war. 19 12 12 is listed as a second-class coastal defense ship. 1908 April 1 as a handyman ship, 1909 February 15. 19 10 disintegrated in yokohama.

Chicheng is one of the Moyer-class gunboats built in Kobe Factory of Xiao Ye Shipyard. Commencement on July 20th 1886, launching on August 7th 1888 and completion on August 20th 1890. Incorporated into Wuzhen Shoufu, its captain Gua was born outside Kyrgyzstan. Participated in the Sino-Japanese War in the Yellow Sea, and was hit by 30 bullets, killing 1 1 person and injuring 17 person. Captain Sakamoto Shiro was killed. 1898 March 2 1 was listed as a second-class gunboat. In the Russo-Japanese War, it was incorporated into the Seventh Team of the First Fleet. May 1904 collided with Oshima in dense fog off Lushun, and Oshima was sunk. 190565438+1October 12 was incorporated into the Third Fleet. 1 911April1. 19 1 1 year 65438+February 2 1 day retirement. On March 22nd, 2002, 1965438+ became the merchant ship of Kawasaki Steamboat Company, and changed its name to "Chicheng Maru". 192 1 purchased by Nizaki Steamboat Company, sailing in Seto Inland Sea. 1945 September 17 was sunk by a typhoon in Zuoliu Island. /kloc-fished at the beginning of 0/946, sank in Seto Inland Sea 1 month, and fished again 195 1 month. The ship finally broke up in Osaka 1953.

Xijing Maru, a merchant ship built in Japan, was launched 1889, and was converted into an alternative cruiser before the Sino-Japanese War. He participated in the Sino-Japanese War of 1894-1895 and was hit by 12 shells, and1/people were injured.