A branch of northeastern mandarin

1988, the number of northeastern mandarin users in Chinese mainland is 82 million. If the number of users increases with the population growth, by 20 10, the number of northeastern mandarin users in Chinese mainland will have exceeded1200 million.

Northeastern mandarin is mainly divided into mountainous areas, namely "Liaoshen patch", which is mainly distributed in the hinterland of Changbai Mountain east of Shenyang, Liaoning Province and other pulse areas including Shenyang, Fushun, Benxi, Liaoyang, Anshan, Jilin, Tonghua and Baishan. Due to natural geography and environmental factors, there are distinguishable differences in different areas of Liaoshen film, but compared with other mandarin, the differences between the films are much smaller and closer to a small piece. The other is plain type, that is, "Songliao Sheet", which includes most cities and regions in Songliao Plain, such as Changchun, Harbin, Songyuan and Daqing. There is almost no difference in different areas of Songliao. For example, residents in Changchun and Harbin can't tell the difference between each other's language and their own. In addition, there are areas where the plains and mountains meet, such as Shenyang, Jilin and Siping, which have both the characteristics of the plains and mountains (Shenyang is more obvious than Jilin and Siping) and the western Liaoning accent that has gone too far to the North China Plain. Because northeastern mandarin and the neighboring Beijing dialect are very close, the internal differences are very small. For example, the differences between northeastern mandarin and Beijing dialect are smaller than those of other mandarin, even smaller in every piece. However, the languages in northeastern mandarin are divided into Changchun dialect and Harbin dialect, and even the whole Songliao Plain, which are divided into "small pieces of Changha". In fact, there is no difference between them. The classification of "Xiaopian" and "Pian" used to express minor differences is not applicable here, so there are still some disputes about whether northeastern mandarin is an independent regional dialect or belongs to the same mandarin as Beijing dialect and Luji mandarin, and whether Changha Xiaopian and Songliao dialect in northeastern mandarin should be replaced by Changha dialect and Songliao dialect.

According to the recent situation in Northeast China, northeastern mandarin can be roughly divided into the following branches. Liaoshen dialect, represented by Shenyang dialect, is mainly distributed in the east of Liaohe River, north of Liaodong Peninsula, south of Changchun Plain (bounded by Siping City) and most areas in the hinterland of Changbai Mountain, including Shenyang, Fushun, Anshan, Liaoyang and Benxi in Liaoning Province, and parts of Baishan, Tonghua, Yanbian and Jilin City in Jilin Province. Liaoshen dialect is mainly distributed in the hinterland of Changbai Mountain and its surrounding areas. It can be a mountain type in northeastern mandarin and is the most obvious branch of Northeast dialect.

Songliao slice: represented by Changha dialect (Changchun dialect and Harbin dialect), it is distributed in Songliao Plain, Sanjiang Plain and most grassland areas in eastern Inner Mongolia, including Siping, Changchun, Songyuan and Baicheng in Jilin Province, most areas except some dialect islands in Heilongjiang Province, Tongliao and Hulunbeier in Inner Mongolia, and belongs to northeastern mandarin Plain type. This area is the most obvious area of northeast immigrants, and the aboriginal accent is faded and closer to Mandarin.

Jin Song piece: Represented by Jinzhou dialect, it is distributed from the west of Liaohe River in Liaoning Province to Shanhaiguan, including Jinzhou and Huludao in Liaoning Province. Western Liaoning has been closely linked with the Central Plains since ancient times. In addition to the obvious characteristics of northeastern mandarin in general, it is also different from the other two branches of Northeast Dialect in individual vocabulary, and its tone is not necessarily consistent with the other two branches. Sometimes melodious and euphemistic, there are traces of transition to the Central Plains. According to the survey of Atlas of Chinese Language, there are 82 million northeastern mandarin users in Chinese mainland, 1988. If the number of users increases with the population growth, by 20 10, there will be more than1200,000 northeastern mandarin users in Chinese mainland. Northeast orange can be subdivided into Ji Shen slices, Haval slices and black pine slices, and each slice can be subdivided into several small pieces.

He Wei (1986) thinks that northeastern mandarin can be divided into Ji Shen film, Haval film and Heisong film according to the pronunciation of the first and second characters in ancient movies. For words like "Goose, Love", Shen Ji's film is pronounced with zero initials, Haval's film is pronounced with [n] initials, and some words in Heisong's film are pronounced with [n] initials. Then, according to whether the initials of the three groups of words in Guzhizhuangzhang are the same as those in Gujingzhuangyu, each dialect piece is divided into dialect pieces.

Ji Shen tablets

Fifty-two counties and cities, distributed in Liaoning Province, Jilin Province and Heilongjiang Province, are divided into three small blocks.

① Thirty-two counties and cities in Tongxi small area:

Liaoning Province-Shenyang, Xifeng, Kaiyuan, Qingyuan, Xinbin, Faku, Diaobingshan, Fushun, Fushun, Benxi, Benxi Manchu Autonomous County, Liaozhong, Liaoyang, Lighthouse, Anshan, Haicheng, Fengcheng, Tieling and Tieling County.

Jilin Province-Liuhe, Meihekou, Baishan, Jingyu, Antu, Fusong, Changbai, Linjiang and Jiangyuan

② Fourteen counties and cities in Jiaoning:

Jilin Province-Jilin, Jiaohe, Lan Shu, Huadian, Dunhua and Yongji.

Heilongjiang Province-Ning 'an, Dongning, Muling, Suifenhe, Hailin, Shangzhi, Jidong and Jixi

③ Six counties and cities in Yanji:

Jilin Province-Yanji, Longjing, Tumen, Wangqing, Helong and Hunchun.

Huff tablets

Sixty-eight county flags distributed in Heilongjiang Province, Jilin Province, Liaoning Province and eastern Inner Mongolia are divided into two small pieces.

(1) 49 counties and cities in Changjin:

Liaoning Province-Fuxin City, Fuxin Mongolian Autonomous County, Changtu, Kangping, Zhangwu, Xinmin, Montenegro, Taian, Panshan, Panjin, Dawa, Beizhen, Yixian, Beipiao, Suizhong, Jinzhou, Huludao, Xingcheng, Linghai,

Jilin Province-Changchun, Yushu, Nong 'an, Dehui, Jiutai, Panshi, Huinan, Dongfeng, Yitong, Dongliao, Liaoyuan, Gongzhuling, Shuangyang, Siping, Lishu, Shuangliao, Changling, Gan 'an, Tongyu, Taonan, Baicheng and Zhenlai.

Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region-Tongliao, Ulanhot, Aershan, Tuquan, Jalaid Banner and Horqin Right Front Banner

Hebei Province-Qinhuangdao, Qinglong Manchu Autonomous County, Funing County

(2) Zhaofu sketch nineteen counties and cities:

Jilin Province-Songyuan, Fuyu, Qianguoerluosi and Daan

Heilongjiang Province-Harbin, Acheng, Qing 'an, Mulan, Fangzheng, Yanshou, Binxian, Bayanhulan, Wuchang, Shuangcheng, Zhaoyuan, Zhaozhou, Zhaodong and Anda.

Slice of black pine

Sixty-five county and city flags distributed in Heilongjiang Province and eastern Inner Mongolia are divided into three small pieces.

(1) There are 22 counties and cities in Jiafu:

Heilongjiang Province-Yichun, Hegang, Tangyuan, Jiamusi, Yilan, Luobei, Suibin, Tongjiang, Fuyuan, Fujin, Raohe, Baoqing, Jixian, Shuangyashan, Huachuan, Huanan, Boli, Qitaihe, Mishan, Linkou, Mudanjiang, Friendship.

② Flags of 43 counties and cities in Nenke:

Heilongjiang Province-Nenjiang, Heihe, Nehe, Fuyu, Lin Dian, Gannan, Longjiang, Tailai, Dorbert, Daqing, Suiling, Tieli, Wudalianchi, Bei 'an, Keshan, Kedong, Yi 'an, Baiquan, Mingshui, Cyclobalanopsis, Wangkui, Helen, Tonghe, Tahe and Mohe.

Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region-Manzhouli, Hulunbeier (Hailar, Zhalantun, yakeshi, Chenbaerhu Banner, Ewenki Autonomous Banner, Molidawa Daur Autonomous Banner, Arong Banner, Oroqen Autonomous Banner, Genhe, Ergon, etc.)

③ Eleven counties and cities in the station dialect:

Heilongjiang Province-Zhaoyuan, Zhaozhou, Lin Dian, Qiqihar, Fuyu, Tanshui, Tahe, Nenjiang, Huma, Heihe and Mohe.

In addition, there are northeastern mandarin dialect islands in the southwest, mostly the northeast population who moved in during the third-line construction period, mainly concentrated in Panzhihua and Mianyang, such as Hanzeng Town, Jiangyou, Mianyang.