How long can humans survive on Mars without wearing spacesuits? The photos sent back by Zhu Rong revealed the answer.

The imagination of emigrating to another planet has always been the theme of interstellar science fiction films. Different artists conceived in their own ways the exciting moment when human beings arrived at another planet. Of course, the crisis is also an important plot of the film. In many sci-fi movies about interstellar migration, there will be scenes where astronauts suffocate in spacesuits when the spacecraft breaks down or the life support system is exhausted. In desperation, they will take off their helmets. Different from the imagined suffocation, poisoning and pressure loss, a fresh air will blow against our faces and a new planet suitable for human habitation will be discovered.

In those days, who hasn't been inspired by the scenes in the movies? However, at the current level of science and technology, our imagination can only be limited to Mars. Mars, as the planet most similar to the Earth in the solar system, has a similar rotation period and no toxic atmosphere. It can be said that it is the only planet in the solar system that will support immigrants in the future.

Judging from the photos sent back by the Mars probe "Zhu Rong", this red planet is not generally barren. There is no sign of life on the sand, even if there is life, it is impossible to survive. The environment on Mars is so bad that it exceeds the endurance limit of human beings.

To survive on Mars, human beings need food, water and air, which Mars cannot provide. Why do scientists think that there is still a livable environment on Mars?

The main reason is that on March 28th, 20 13, the American rover Opportunity made an important discovery. It found rich clay minerals on a strip rock named "Lance, Espe", and the formation conditions of clay need the participation of neutral water, indicating that there is neutral water body in this area. According to the geotechnical analysis results of other opportunities, most of them.

This discovery has become the most important discovery since Mars exploration, but what needs to be re-recognized is that even if there was life on Mars, such an environment is not suitable for human habitation. The first reason is that the atmosphere on Mars is too thin.

Because the mass of Mars is small and its radius is only 53% of that of the Earth, the gravity of Mars is much smaller than that of the Earth. The main component of the thin atmosphere is carbon dioxide, accounting for 95.3%, followed by nitrogen and argon, and there is a very small amount of oxygen and water vapor, which is not suitable for human breathing at all.

Another fatal problem in the thin atmosphere is that the atmospheric pressure is extremely small. The atmospheric pressure of Mars is about 1% of that of the Earth, and the surface average atmospheric pressure is about 7 mbar. When the human body is exposed to this environment, the body will burst because of the huge pressure difference between inside and outside.

Secondly, such a low air pressure will also affect the state of water. We know that the boiling point of water is related to atmospheric pressure. We have known since childhood that it is not easy to cook in plateau areas even if water is boiled. In the plateau area, when the pressure decreases, the boiling point of water may be only about 70, so the atmospheric pressure of Mars has reached 1% of that of the earth. How much will the boiling point of water drop? The answer is around 6.98. Moreover, the thin atmosphere has no heat preservation effect, resulting in a very large temperature difference on Mars, with an average temperature of -55, and the temperature span can range from-133 in winter to 27 in summer.

Even if such an environment does migrate to Mars one day, the place where you may live is similar to the requirements of the current space station. There is absolutely no chance of survival without a spacesuit.