Dongjiang lake ecological environment

Through field investigation and data retrieval, there are more than 50,000 people in the lake area, and the annual domestic sewage discharge is 910.3 million tons. There are no domestic sewage treatment plants and sewage treatment ponds in dams and Huangcao Town of counties in the basin, but the sewage discharged from catering industry and life is still directly discharged into lakes after treatment. Sewage from villages and towns in the basin is also discharged directly. The analysis of pollutant discharge composition in Dongjiang Lake basin shows that COD and ammonia nitrogen discharged from domestic sewage will bring water pollution risk to the lake area.

In addition, the permanent population of the Dongjiang Lake Basin is more than 600,000, and daily life such as washing clothes and washing dishes. Empirical data show that about 8709.29 tons of nitrogen and 270 tons of phosphorus are discharged into Dongjiang Lake every year, exceeding or approaching the existing capacity. Coupled with the domestic garbage brought by millions of tourists every year, domestic pollution has become the most important pollution source in Dongjiang Lake area.

At the same time, the domestic garbage accumulated in villages and towns around the lake in Dongjiang Lake is also a hidden danger in the protection of water sources in Dongjiang Lake. We mentioned this problem when interviewing government officials in various towns and villages, and the answer was that the local government also attached importance to this problem, but it has not been well solved due to terrain and financial reasons.

(2) Pollution caused by mineral development

There are rich minerals buried underground in Chenzhou. The Dongjiang Lake region in the upper reaches of Dongjiang Lake basin is rich in metal mineral resources, and is rich in gold mines, coal mines and non-ferrous metal mines. The vein is long, widely distributed and relatively concentrated, but it is scattered and buried in different hills, which brings difficulties to the management of mineral resources, leads to indiscriminate mining and excavation in some areas, destroys the ecological balance of Dongjiang Lake, and pollutes the water quality, especially in Yaogangxian and Hippo Chef in Yizhang around Dongjiang Lake.

Yaogangxian Town Tungsten Mine, not far from Dongjiang Lake, is famous at home and abroad. Rich minerals have brought great wealth to the local people. The survey found that the local consumption level is very high, and most of them are miners. Through our field investigation, we know that mining around Dongjiang Lake has seriously damaged the water quality of Dongjiang Lake. Mining not only destroys vegetation, but also damages water quality for a long time. Minerals flow into the rivers and lakes with streams and deposit at the bottom of the lake. When chemical pollution reaches a certain level, it will destroy the ecological stability of Dongjiang Lake, and it will take hundreds of years to recover. What's even more incredible is that on the way to Yaogangxian Town, we can see yellow turbid water everywhere, smell pungent smell, and know from the local population that it is sand water for ore washing. We specially inspected the sandbars built at the junction of Yaogangxian Town and Dongjiang Lake District to protect the Dongjiang Lake. Because of the 7. 15 flood, the sand bar was washed away. Without the sandbar, the East Lake will lose a barrier. Whenever it rains, the rubble on the hillside will be washed down by the flood. There is a mountain with thick gravel deposited from the mountainside to the East Lake. Relevant government officials said that due to financial problems, the government was unable to rebuild the sandbar. Seeing the excavator working in the dam area, we were a little skeptical about what the man said, because after seeing the terrain, we felt that sand dam was more important, and later we learned that it was dredging sand to build roads, but the purpose was to facilitate ore transportation. Because mining is the main source of livelihood for people in mining areas, people in mining areas pay little attention to environmental protection.

(3) Tourism pollution discharge

With the rapid development of tourism in Dongjiang Lake, the amount of sewage discharged by tourists has increased, which has brought great pressure on environmental protection in Dongjiang Lake. For example, in recent years, Dongjiang Lake has received millions of tourists every year. With the increase in the number of tourists, the catering service outlets such as Huangcao Jinniu Island, Jiang Xiaodong River and Wuyi International Village have flourished, which has aggravated the discharge of domestic sewage into water bodies. At the same time, most tourist boats are powered by diesel, which leads to serious leakage, excessive oil in the water and oil pollution in some waters. In addition, garbage such as plastic bags produced in tourism consumption has become a major source of pollution because it is not easy to degrade naturally, which has increased the burden on Dongjiang Lake. Tourism development has also affected the ecological environment of Dongjiang Lake, and many natural landscapes have been destroyed. For example, for the popularization and safety needs of Dongjiang rafting, Dongjiang rafting destroyed many natural landscapes, and a large number of tourists also brought a lot of solid waste.

In 2002, Zixing City strived for the Provincial People's Congress to promulgate and implement the Regulations on Environmental Protection of Dongjiang Lake in Hunan Province (referred to as the Regulations), making Dongjiang Lake the first large-scale reservoir protected by special legislation in China. Since 2009, we have actively strived for the provincial people's congress to revise and improve the regulations.

The second is to improve the supporting planning and system.

In combination with the regulations, the "three counties and one city" in the basin have worked out the water environment protection plan of Dongjiang River Basin, and Zixing City has worked out the ecological construction plan of Zixing City, and promulgated the Regulations on Water Quality Protection and Management of Dongjiang Lake in Zixing City, the Regulations on Tourism Boats in Dongjiang Lake and the Interim Provisions on Pollution Prevention and Management of Dongjiang Drinking Water Source Protection Area in Zixing City.

The third is to pay close attention to ecological construction.

Zixing, Rucheng, Guidong, Yizhang and other counties and cities have accelerated the establishment of Dongjiang Lake Nature Reserve and expanded nature reserves focusing on forestry. Today, Bamian Mountain Nature Reserve in eastern Guangxi, Swan Mountain National Forest Park in Zixing City, 65438+280 km, and public welfare forests around Dongjiang Lake have been designated as forestry reserves, accounting for 8.7% of the basin area. Accelerate the project of returning farmland to forests and closing hillsides to facilitate afforestation, and implement returning farmland to forests on sloping farmland and barren hills and wasteland with a slope of more than 25 degrees suitable for afforestation in the basin. At present, Zixing City has defined 608.9 square kilometers of national public welfare forests, upgraded 45 square kilometers of public welfare forests, invested more than 40 million yuan, and completed artificial afforestation 15 1 10,000 mu (54,000 mu of returning farmland to forests). Actively build Dongjiang Lake National Wetland Park, protect the wetland resources of Dongjiang Lake Reservoir, maintain the ecological function and biodiversity of wetland, and ensure the sustainable utilization of wetland resources. At present, Zixing City directly and indirectly invests more than 1 100 million yuan each year. For example, more than 8 million yuan is invested every year for economic compensation and soil and water conservation of ecological public welfare forests in Dongjiang Lake. The state-approved Dongjiang Reservoir resettlement project has been implemented. At present, the completion rate and occupancy rate of buildings for safe haven relocation exceed 100% and 95% respectively.

The fourth is to strengthen environmental monitoring and remediation.

Strengthen the monitoring of water quality at the exit section to ensure that the water quality of the river reaches the standard. In Rucheng County, Mantianxing, Wannian Bridge, Sandian Jiangqiao, Wen Ming Xiushui, Lingxiu Power Station and Qijiang are the environmental protection exit water quality monitoring points of Dongjiang Lake; in Guidong, the environmental monitoring of Weihe River and Qijiang River is strengthened; in Yizhang County, the real-time monitoring of the waters flowing through Yaogangxian, Changce and Tian Li towns is strengthened, and the water quality monitoring of exit sections around the country is effectively strengthened. Strengthen the comprehensive improvement of environmental pollution and intensify environmental law enforcement. Rucheng County maintains a high-pressure situation for mining enterprises such as Daping, Jingpo, Xiao Yuan, Wenshui and Wen Ming, which affect the water quality of Zhejiang, Mijiang and Xiushui, and adopts unconventional measures to comprehensively control environmental pollution all the year round, severely investigate and deal with illegal sewage discharge, effectively regulate the sewage discharge behavior of enterprises with legal scale, and has successively carried out three large-scale centralized rectification of illegal mining and dressing. Zixing City has set up a special environmental protection agency in Dongjiang Lake, with an annual working fund of 2 million yuan. Close the coal mines around Dongjiang Lake and non-ferrous metal mines such as gold, tungsten, lead and zinc; Invested more than 40 million yuan to build a 1 sewage treatment plant and three centralized countless treatment stations, with an annual operating cost of more than 2 million yuan; Supervise the renovation of tourist passenger ships to reduce pollution emissions from ships; Strengthen the comprehensive rectification within the first-class protected areas, and intensify the rectification of illegal restaurants in the protected areas and dumping waste residue, domestic garbage and other wastes into the reservoir area.

List of water environment functions in Dongjiang Lake water system planning area Name number of towns controlled by water system control unit in pollution control area. The drinking water source protection zone LS0 10 1 Huangdong, Sandong and some parts of Chengguan Town in Dongjiang Lake Basin, the cold mouth, the increased mouth, the pollution control zone LS020 1 the pollution control zone LS02065438 are located in Liuyuan, Zhaiqian and Chengguan Town in the east of Qishui. Dongluo and parts of Chengguan Town pollute Yongfeng North, Maqiao North, Grange and Warm Water Town, Zhejiang Water Source Pollution Control Zone LS030 1 Daping Town, Jingpo Township, Sanxing Town and its urban and rural areas, and parts of Chengguan Town, such as urban secondary drinking water source protection zone LS0302, parts of Chengguan Town, such as urban primary drinking water source protection zone LS0303, parts of Chengguan Town, south of Zhejiang Downstream Pollution Control Zone LS0304 Maqiao, Most areas of Waisha, pollution control areas of Yanshou Chushui Rucheng section LS040 1, a small part of Lingxiu, Yingdong and Yizhang Chushui Yizhang section LS0402 Yaogang Changce River Changce River pollution control area LS050 1 Changce, Tian Li Zixing Dongjiang Lake Class II drinking water source protection area LS060 1. All areas of Huangcao, Dongping, Longxi, Chukou, Xingning, Qingyao, Hejiashan, Li Anping and Swan Forest Farm and some areas of Zhoumensi, Dongjiang, Bailang and Qingjiang are protected by LS0602. The first-class drinking water source protection areas in Dongjiang, Bailang and Qingjiang sanxiang town are protected by LS.