Kangxi violently demolished the coastal no-man's land in three days.

Emperor Kangxi was once praised as "a generation of saints" by the world. Some historians even call him "the first good emperor since Emperor Wen of Han Dynasty, and the only emperor who understands western civilization and respects scientific spirit in 25 years". Of course, how to evaluate Kangxi comprehensively is beyond the scope of this book. However, from the perspective of the ocean, especially in terms of the sequelae left by its "migration" to the country and the nation, this evaluation should be marked with a big question mark.

It is true that Kangxi insisted on recovering Taiwan Province Province and realizing the unification of mountains and rivers, which should be highly affirmed. 1683, he sent Shi Lang to attack Penghu with 300 warships and 20,000 elite navy. After seven days of fierce fighting, Zheng Jing's troops deployed in Penghu were repelled. Soon, Zheng Jing's son Zheng Keshuang sent someone to beg for surrender, and the Qing army successfully entered Taiwan Province Province. At the same time, the Qing government accepted Shi Lang's suggestion and established Sanfu County in Taiwan Province Province.

), which belongs to Fujian Province, strengthened the connection between Taiwan Province provincial government and the mainland under the unified management of the central government of the Qing Dynasty. At the same time, Kangxi restrained Russia's expansion, personally invaded Junggar, Xinjiang, defeated galdan, made the Mongolian Turks submit to the Qing Dynasty, and safeguarded national unity.

But in retrospect, the loss of Taiwan Province Province and Penghu in those years was rooted in the abandonment of the ocean by the Ming government. Since Wen and Xuan, all Ming emperors have turned a blind eye to the huge business opportunities rolling from the sea and the serious threats approaching from the sea. Western colonialists drove this and that away, this occupied this island, and that occupied that island, and they didn't take it seriously. When the Dutch took such a big island in Taiwan Province Province from under their noses, Zhu Yuanzhang's gray grandchildren were blindsided. However, their country is declining and they have a bad temper. They had to hang themselves from a crooked-necked tree in Nianjingshan Park, Chongzhen. It stands to reason that, with Kangxi's shrewdness, in the process of recovering Taiwan Province's provinces, we should reflect on the profound lessons of losing Taiwan in previous dynasties, seriously consider the mystery of our old rival Zheng Chenggong's long-term maritime feud with him, and have a good understanding of the way of governing the country. Dare to learn and learn from your opponent's strengths, that is a well-deserved saint.

Strange to say, Kangxi affirmed Zheng Chenggong's loyalty to the former dynasty with a broad mind, leaving a well-known elegy: "Four towns have many meanings, two islands are divided, and they dare to compete for half of the southeast; When the king has no land, he should resist his ambition and know that there are lonely loyalties overseas. " But he didn't have a broad vision to accept this old rival's successful strategy of attaching importance to managing the ocean, and did the opposite. Zheng Chenggong likes the sea and hates it. Zheng Chenggong regards the ocean as a way of life. He thinks the sea is a dead end. In the years of fighting with him, he actually listened to Zheng's bad idea of surrender. He not only killed Zheng Zhilong, but also strengthened his determination to resist to the end. He also insisted on defeating the Ming dynasty to seal the sea and put an end to bandits, and then insisted on implementing the "border removal order" for more than 20 years. Like chickens and ducks, he drove away people who lived by the sea for generations and created an unprecedented coastal no-man's land.

Now, calm down and analyze. At the beginning of the founding of the Qing Dynasty, a "capital relocation order" was issued on the southeast coast. No matter from the military, political and economic perspectives, there seems to be no decent reason. The only explanation is that Manchu royal aristocrats born in nomadic people are afraid of the sea because they are unfamiliar with it. Or I believe in my hunting skills in Daxinganling and Changbai Mountain too much, thinking that as long as there is no no man's land along the coast, it is like casting a net on the grassland, and catching Zheng Chenggong is like catching a rabbit with a purse seine. Kangxi's father Shunzhi's head was locked in a deep forest and never cared.

), the Qing government was angry that Zheng Chenggong was so elusive at the seaside that he couldn't reach it and couldn't avoid it. He moved out of the previous dynasty's policy of forbidding the sea and strictly ordered that "the inch board is not allowed to enter the sea" and "the sail is not allowed to enter the sea". Fishing boats and merchant ships are not only prohibited from fishing and trading at sea, but also foreign ships are prohibited from entering the harbor and anchoring in an attempt to trap Zheng Jiajun at sea. Fujian and Guangdong coastal residents bear the brunt, followed by fishermen and businessmen who make a living in the South China Sea Islands, which fundamentally cut off the livelihood of these China islanders. After the "sea ban" was pushed away, although it was not forced to move, boundaries were set around the coast, "businessmen disappeared" and even the fish and salt passages were blocked. The residents of the island have lost their basic production and living conditions and have to give up their homes and move in, or flee overseas to make a living. Some islands operated by our ancestors for many years suddenly became desert islands, which seriously hindered the development of the South China Sea Islands by our country and nation.

1661March, Zheng Chenggong successfully landed in Taiwan Province province via Penghu, and he was invincible all the way. When the government was in a hurry, it immediately intensified and promulgated a more thorough and brutal "relocation restriction order." First, the court sent people to inspect the topography of the southeast coast and drew a map of the border movement, and then ordered two Manchu princes to supervise the local government to act according to the map. For the first time from Shandong to Guangdong, all the coastal residents moved 50 miles inward, and all the coastal ships were burned, and no one was allowed to stay. Where rivers and streams accumulate, goods are not allowed to cross the border, and soldiers are arranged to "guard at all times, and offenders will die without forgiveness." 1662, during the Kangxi period of the Yuan Dynasty, the Dutch Governor-General who occupied the provinces of Taiwan Province signed a surrender letter, and Zheng Chenggong fully recovered the provinces of Taiwan Province Province, "gathering the islands to celebrate". When the news came, the Qing court was furious and issued a "order to withdraw the boundary" again, forcing residents of 24 counties in Guangdong, such as Raoping, Chenghai, Jieyang, Chaoyang, Huilai to Lianjiang, Hepu and Qinzhou, to move 50 miles inland. All the nearby islands and ports, except Macao, have been closed, destroyed and forbidden to live. The imperial edict also ordered that all houses in the forbidden area should be demolished, fields should not be cultivated, fishermen should not go fishing in the sea, and those who were forbidden would not forgive. Then ordered thousands of residents in Raoping City to build piers and stumps at the border of East and West Qinzhou Square City, and sent heavy troops to defend them. However, the time limit for moving to the border is only three days, and it is necessary to "completely eliminate people in the air." Residents who do not want to move out will be beheaded. In Nanyue, the deceased is like a husband, and it is sad everywhere. According to a rough estimate, the death toll in eight counties in eastern Guangdong alone reached hundreds of thousands. In Qu Dajun.

Guangdong Xinyu wrote sadly: "Since the beginning of eastern Guangdong, life has never been worse."

Then, Kangxi still thought that "moving the capital" was not complete. 1664 In May, the imperial court said that "fish and salt were stolen by refugees, and they might still go to sea" and ordered them to move three miles inland. Guangdong Shunde, Panyu, Nanhai, Haiyang and other residents who are not within the relocation boundary staged another round of demolition tragedy. The boundary of the coastal no-man's land can only be basically fixed by one stroke and three types, and the farthest distance is two or three hundred miles. At that time, violent demolition was also carried out. Officials, big and small, hold a "moving boundary order". First, erect the two ends of the "moving boundary" and straighten it with ropes as an ironclad boundary. Unfortunately, some residents' houses were built on the border. When the border line passed through the middle, half of the houses on the border line were forcibly demolished, and the official family did not care whether the remaining half could live. Some people are still digging deep ditches by the river.

",describes the horror of moving at that time. One of the words was full of blood and tears: "The new dynasty, the coastal defense fell, and the thunder did not delay. I was surprised to see a flag standing in front of the village. The king's orders forced me to speed up my migration. You went out with your wife and children and wept in the wilderness. Where there is no grave, where there is no home, once the home becomes a mound. I didn't want to protect myself when I moved here. I hope we can get together again. "Fujian Province and Taiwan Province Province directly confront each other across the sea. Naturally, the first thing to bear the brunt is the "boundary-shifting" order. At first, the Fujian government took flag planting as the boundary, and then set up wooden fences and fences as the boundary. Later, the standards set were higher and higher, and the requirements became stricter and stricter. Or dig a deep ditch, or build a wall with mud, and then simply recruit civilian workers to build large buildings and turn the wall made of mud into a legally binding boundary wall. At the same time, villages and piers are set at regular intervals along the boundary wall, with one pier in five miles and one pier in ten miles. It takes more than three thousand taels of silver to build a village, and the cost of building a pier is about half that of building a village. The court refused to give this money, forcing the locals to pay for it themselves. " Many people fled for their lives and died. "After the completion of the village and the dock, the dock was guarded by five soldiers and the village was guarded by six soldiers. People are forbidden to cross the border to the seaside, and anyone who crosses the border illegally will be "killed without forgiveness" "The province is close to Dongshan County, Guangdong Province. Moving to the border of the capital, the people could not leave their homeland and refused to move the capital, so the government forces fought and nearly 30 thousand residents were slaughtered on the spot. 《

According to the book History of Taiwan Province, on the sixth day of March in the third year of Kangxi, the Qing army brigade sailed into Dongshan, "driving coastal residents into the mainland, building walls as the boundary, and looting and killing mountains by soldiers, and the sea was rich." 《

Taiwan Province province is outside the province.

"Caption:" People on Dongshan Island were unemployed for a time, and their cries were endless. The well in the country drifted away, which was very miserable. They abandoned their husbands and children, lost their fathers and wives, filled the gullies with old and young, and their bones turned white in the wilderness. "After Kangxi 19 announced the restoration of the border, only 10 Dongshan adherents returned home.

In recent years, there has been a TV play praising Emperor Kangxi. Yao Qisheng is a sly old fox, showing a gentle and kind "migration". It is not only said that "moving the boundary" to seal the sea is for the long-term stability of the country, but also that the court sympathizes with the relocation efforts of people everywhere and takes care of them in every possible way. First, as early as in the mainland, twice as much land was prepared for the foreign population, and no food was given for three years. After three years, whoever planted the land will plant it; Second, the vehicles are not enough to move, so they can be moved by horses and chariots in the military camp. Old people over 60 are carried by soldiers in sedan chairs. On the screen, the old lady sat in the official sedan chair with a smile, and men, women and children were busy walking happily. In fact, the Qing government did not take any measures to properly resettle the refugees, but there were many measures to prevent them from returning home. When residents are driven out of the land where they have lived for generations, they immediately destroy houses and tear down the walls. Those who have no time to quit are crushed to death in the collapsed houses. As for the "nail households" who stayed in their places of residence and refused to move out, the government sent people to set fire to their houses. "No rubble was left", and people were wiped out by smoke. Then, we destroyed the fields that farmers had worked so hard to sow and cut down the trees that had been managed for generations. "Thousands of trees are planted into forests, and countless pines and cypresses are broken" and "It seems to be deserted." And those who give in to government immigrants, "half dead, rest in peace on the road."

It is true that, as some scholars have said, during Kangxi's reign, he was keen on learning western civilization and liked Tang Ruowang and ferdinand verbiest, two missionaries from Europe. He was particularly interested in their mastery of the western calendar, and once let the princes and ministers watch with great interest the contest of calculating solar eclipses in China, Hui and the West. In the end, Ferdinand Verbist and Tang Ruowang won by only five minutes. Needless to say, however, its level of understanding is still at the level of the Wanli emperor of the previous dynasty, and it is regarded as "strange skill and cunning", but it is only to satisfy curiosity or as a small ornament of court life. What is the core of western civilization? This is a powerful country. Born in nomadic tribes, Kangxi and his ruling team, like the nomadic people who conquered the Central Plains by force, are most eager and most concerned about integrating into the Chinese farming civilization for more than 2,000 years as soon as possible. The conquered people in the north and south of the great river are also keen on Confucius and Mencius to transform these primitive and backward hunters and assimilate the conquerors with ancient culture to balance the original unbalanced mentality. Therefore, in the face of the influx of western countries from the sea, merchant ships and warships across the ocean are knocking on the door of China, and the government and the opposition turn a deaf ear to this. Even in the opposite direction, China's marine assets accumulated for thousands of years were destroyed by a relocation order, and a good maritime country was artificially turned into a "landlocked country" in coastal areas, making room for the massive invasion of western powers in the future.

The author has discussed with some experts and scholars that the most terrible thing about forbidding migration is self-restraint, which has imprisoned the vision of the whole country and the thinking vitality of the nation. China, as big as this, can hide in a snail's shell for hundreds of years, turning a blind eye to the great changes brought to the world by the great voyage in Europe, and relishing that "the sky will never change". The cleverest intellectuals also got into the pile of old papers, which set off an upsurge of exegesis, classic injection and national heritage sorting, not only far from the ocean, but also far from reality. If we say that Zhu Yuanzhang's promulgation of the "maritime ban" has a narrow pastoral consciousness, China has become a laggard in the world's great navigation; Then, Kangxi carried out the "order to move the frontier" with a narrow nomadic consciousness, and planted the bitter fruit of the western powers' expansion of China's sea power. Those British people who want to turn China into a "tea garden" where the sun never sets will soon face our Lord Gan Long with their achievements in modern civilization and ocean thinking.