The Evolution and Development of Sizhou

The site of ancient Sizhou or old Sizhou is located in Xuyi County, Jiangsu Province, 20 13. "Fengyang Prefecture Records" says: "Sizhou looks at the Huaihe River in the south and Liu Bian in the north. Although the land is flat and spacious, the ridges are knotted, the mountains and rivers are arched, and the atmosphere is green, which is also a winning area. "

The ancient Sizhou was made in Xia, Shang and Zhou Dynasties. In the Spring and Autumn Period, the State of Xu was destroyed by the State of Wu, and Xu belonged to the State of Wu. After the State of Yue destroyed Wu, Xu returned to the State of Yue. During the Warring States Period, after the destruction of Chu State, Xu belonged to Chu State. Qin belongs to Surabaya County, which was founded after the founding of the People's Republic of China. When Chu and Han contended, Xu belonged to Western Chu. After the establishment of the Western Han Dynasty, Xu belonged to Chu first, and then to Peiguo, that is, Pei County, Jiangsu Province after the founding of the People's Republic of China. Guangwu of the Eastern Han Dynasty was incorporated into the East China Sea (now Tancheng, Shandong Province) at the beginning of the year, following Linhuai County, which is now lin huai zhen, Sihong County. 15 years (AD 72), Emperor Yongping of Han changed to Xiapi State and ruled Xiapi (Pizhou, Jiangsu after the founding of the People's Republic of China). During the Three Kingdoms period, it was also in Huaihe River and belonged to Pi. In the Jin Dynasty, Xiapi belonged to the county, and Linhuai county was in Xuyi, Huainan, which was probably Linhuai. After Wei Dynasty, Xu County was located in the south of Xuzhou, Liang changed to the east of Xuzhou, Chen changed to Anzhou, and the following week changed to Sizhou. Since then, Sizhou has been named. In the Sui Dynasty, Sui changed Sizhou to a procedural county, which belonged to Pixian County and was later renamed Sizhou. At the beginning of Tang Zhide, Sizhou was under the jurisdiction of Henan Road, which governed six counties: Linhuai, Lianshui, Procedural, Xiapi, Suqian and Hongxian (now Sixian). During the Five Dynasties, Sizhou was occupied by the Southern Tang Dynasty, and it is still occupied by Zhou Shizong. In the second year of Song Dynasty (96 1), he abandoned the county, and in the first year of Gande (963), he came from Xuyi, Chuzhou and Zhao Xinlai, Haozhou. In the third year of Taiping and Xingguo (978), Lianshui County was cut, and Linhuai, Zhao Xin and Xuyi counties under the jurisdiction of Sizhou belonged to Huainan Road. Jingdezhen moved to Linhuai County, Xu Chengyi for three years (1006). From then on, Linhuai was not a county. In the 5th year of Song Dynasty (1072), Xining belonged to Huainan East Road. Shaoxing 1 1 year in the Southern Song Dynasty (1 14 1) is still in Sizhou, belonging to Nanjing Road, which governs Hu Aiping, Hongxian, Linhuai, Lingbi and Suining counties. In the 27th year of Yuan Dynasty (1290), Xuyi and Tianchanglai belonged to Henan Province. During the period of mindfulness, Yangzhou changed Huainan Province to be a state official, the city was in Huaixian County, and the state began to be close to the people. In the Ming Dynasty, Sizhou belonged to Fengyang Prefecture, which governed Xuyi and Tianchang. In the second year of Yongzheng in Qing Dynasty (1724), Sizhou was promoted to Zhili Prefecture, which belonged to Wuhelai, governed Xuyi, Wuhe and Tianchang counties, and belonged to Fengyang Prefecture.

According to the "Annals of Sizhou", "Sizhou is at the southernmost tip of the state, facing Xushan, and the city originated in the Song Dynasty. The old two cities, both made of earth, were merged into one city at the beginning of the Ming Dynasty, and the Bian River trail was in it, with a height of two feet and five feet. " Sizhou City has five gates, Huilong Bridge in the east, Yongning Bridge in the west and Yueyang Tower in the south, which is magnificent. Between the south gate and the west gate, there is a gate called Xianghuamen, and the north gate is called Chaoque Building. All the gates of Sizhou City have water gates, the west gate of Jingangdu and the north gate of bars. In order to prevent floods, there are six months of bright cities and six months of bright doors outside the city. The moon door is like a double door. When there is a flood outside the city, first block the Moon Gate and let pedestrians pass through the Moon City levee. This form of ancient city is rare in China.

Although Sizhou City is low-lying, it is called Zexiang Water Town. However, due to the developed land and water transportation, it is the throat of the Central Plains and the crossroads between the north and the south, and its political, economic, cultural and military status is very important. During the Tang and Song Dynasties, imperial grain transited here, and hordes of ships anchored here. At that time, a poem praised: "The officials and guests were full, and the horses and chariots flashed."

At that time, Sizhou City was not only well-developed in land and water transportation and prosperous in economy, but also had ten scenic spots in Sizhou, namely, the floating beam practicing shadow, echoing midnight bell, the floating smoke of Huaihe River, the verdant Xuxu Mountain, the morning glow of Yuwangtai Xiaoyue, the morning glow of Lingrui Tower, the autumn wind of Shuicuitang, the winding Jiugang Mountain and the one-word river ring. There was also the Puzhaowang Temple, one of the five famous temples in China at that time. Its main building, the Sangha Pagoda, is 300 feet high and casts a shadow on the Huaihe River, which is very spectacular. Ouyang Xiu called her: "The sky is green and the bamboo is quiet, and the flowers bloom in warm days." Su Dongpo praised her: the water is trickling, the jade is at leisure, looking at the long bridge, and the lights are chaotic. "In the Ming Dynasty, Sizhou was full of ships, shops, merchants and wine flags. The politics, economy and culture of Sizhou City have reached the peak.

In addition to the unique geographical conditions, there is a very important reason for the unprecedented prosperity of Sizhou City, and that is the construction of the Ming Zuling. After Zhu Yuanzhang paved the mountain, Zhu Jiazu's tomb was found in the north of Sizhou 13. Thus, the first mausoleum of the Ming Dynasty, the Ming Zuling, was built. Zhu Yuanzhang buried his great-grandfather, his clothes and his bones here. The prestige of the Ming Zuling not only brought unprecedented prosperity to Sizhou City, but also brought hidden dangers to Sizhou City. In the end, this historic city in Shengli District was destroyed by Kangxi 19( 1680), and was submerged at the bottom of Hongze Lake by the rolling waves of the Yellow River. "It will always be the water of giants." Become the second Pompeii in the world. As a result, the myth and legend of Shen Sizhou, the queen of jellyfish, spread everywhere among the people.

Myth belongs to myth. In fact, there are two reasons for the sinking of Sizhou City: First, the Yellow River and the South River moved, and they could not stop at Qingkou. In addition, flash floods occurred in Kangxi 19, and the lower reaches of Huaihe River were silted up, and the river was several feet higher than the levee. Ling Rui Tower is like a pillar in the water, and then sinks with it. Second, Pan Jixun, an expert in water control in Ming Dynasty, adopted the policy of storing water, brushing the yellow river and benefiting the transportation. He built dikes on both sides of the Yellow River, blocked breaches, tied water to attack sand, and built Gaojiayan (Hongze Lake levee) to force Huai water into the Yellow River to attack sand. He overhauled the Taihang levee on the north bank of the Yellow River, built dikes on the south bank of the Yellow River, and extended the dikes on both sides of the Yellow River to Huaiyin. After this large-scale regulation, the Yellow River has been stable for some time. However, due to the continuous siltation of the riverbed, the breaches on both sides of the Yellow River have increased. In the 23rd year of Wanli in Ming Dynasty (1596~ 16 19), the Yellow River burst 18 times, almost every year. In the Ming Dynasty, the Huaihe River basin changed, but the main stream of the Yellow River turned from south to east, and the disaster area moved to Jiangsu and Shandong via Xuzhou. Hongze Lake levee was also built, and a dam was built on the levee to divide the Huaihe River into sea and river. In the thirty-second year of Wanli in Ming Dynasty (1604), a canal was opened between Weishan Lake and Roman Lake to avoid the danger of Yellow River shipping, which is now part of Hanzhuang Canal. Although it temporarily brought peace and tranquility to the Yellow River, it artificially raised the water level. After Pan Jixun was demoted, the imperial court sent Shao Bi, an imperial envoy, to Sizhou for water control. Although Shaobi's Shaogong dike and the masonry dike protecting the Ming Zuling are temporarily peaceful, its ending is doomed to be drowning in Sizhou City. According to the survey, from 19 to 2 1 year (1591-1593), there were floods in sizhou for three consecutive years, and the floods swept through the city, and fish swam into the city and swam in the treetops, killing countless people. In the Qing dynasty, foreign rulers only knew how to build dams to stop water, but did not think about dredging and flood control, and finally directed the tragedy of the sinking of this historic city.

After the fall of Sizhou City, the State Council moved to the northern foot of Xuxishan and hung Huai Lake. It was not until the forty-second year of Qianlong (1777) that 97 years later, "Governor Gong Min, in order to control Huai Lake, it was inconvenient to control it. The rainbow has only been seen recently, so please cut it open and see that the territory and the people's tax should be combined, with the city as the state. " The state was moved from Xuyi to Honghong (now Sixian), and it still governs Xuyi, Tianchang and Wuhe counties. Just in time. Hong Xian was demoted to Hong Xiang. "Fengyang Fuzhi" contains: Xinsizhou "has Pingshan in the north, Changhuai in the south, Gonggang East Arch, Lingbi West Ring, Panlong and Zhushan blocking its left, Luming Literature and Yinling circling its right, choking the gate of Xu Huai and connecting with Yanyu's boat. Although Yuanye is a flat area, it is naturally prosperous and the southeast metropolis is also. "

Sizhou, which cut the rainbow into Si, was abandoned as Sixian in April of the first year of the Republic of China, directly under Anhui Province. By 1949, there is a branch in Sihong County, which belongs to Jiangsu Province. Xuyi County was also transferred from Anhui Province to Jiangsu Province in 1955.

According to "Sihong Hezhi", although there are ten scenes in ancient Sizhou, the old is not new. There are eight scenic spots in Hongxiang in the new four states, namely, the twilight of Chishan, the spring scenery of Yangcheng, the twilight of Pingshan, the jathyapple of Yinling, the Bai Hefeng, the snow of Panlong, the willow of Suidi and the blue waves of Bianshui.

1, Sunset Rain on Chishan: Chishan is 70 miles northeast of the state, winding in thousands of feet, with red earth and stone. In the twilight drizzle, the rainbow is dripping with green, dancing like a dragon and a phoenix, moving lightly. The ancients wrote in the poem of Youchishan that "the clouds are light and the grass is light, and they also learn from experts." When you get to Taoyuan, the water flows and the staff picks the bright moon. "

2. Yangcheng Spring Scene: Yangcheng Lake is forty miles west of the state. It is said that it is the old rule of Guhong and will not be launched for a long time. It is said that towers and towers are often seen in fog, just like a mirage. Every spring, the lake is full of lush grass, wild flowers, deer chasing sheep, rabbits jumping and birds flying, and octagonal glass wells dotted with them, making the scenery more charming. There is a poem to prove it. Gong, a poet in the Tang Dynasty, once said, "Blue waves are rippling, and spring returns to the battlefield." . Zhupu Tibetan heron, wild water clear kite. Swallow dancing mud, fish and green algae. Since then, the thistle has passed, with Qing Xiang marks.

3. Photo of Pingshan Night Scene: Pingshan is 20 miles north of the state, surrounded by green trees, hence the name Pingshan. This mountain is like a sleeping tiger, also known as Crouching Tiger Mountain. Beautiful stones come from mountains. Legend has it that there are white boulders on the hillside. In the sunset, Yin Hui shines everywhere, and you can see it from the north gate. The ancients called it a miracle.

4. Yinling jathyapple: The Yinling Mountains are located 50 miles west of the state. Although the mountain is not big, it has a long-standing reputation, and there is a saying that "Yinling Mountain is high and birds are difficult to walk". This mountain is where Chu Bawang got lost. In the past, the mountain road was circuitous, and it was quiet and charming when the moon was high. Ye Zhishu, a poet of Amin, intoned: "In the east of the small village at the northern foot of Yinling, the old saying goes: I am fascinated by this. Today, I occasionally pass by the battlefield, and the ancient trees in the sun let them live. " There is a monument in the north of the mountain, Yuji's Tomb, and there is a couplet on the tombstone: I am helpless, and the beauty has been unlucky since ancient times; Ji-yeon has now turned into a green grave in the yellow dusk. There is also a "Yu Meiren": the sound of Chu songs rises from the clouds, and in the night curtain lamp, the clothes tremble and dance to wipe Longquan, and a cavity of blood is sprinkled before my eyes. Gu Xiang's speechless military situation has changed, like a snow knife. Peach blossoms fall to the east wind, flowers are the source, and grass is red with tears.

5. Baipu Hefeng: In Baijia Lake, 50 miles north of the state, whenever the lotus is in full bloom, it smells fragrant and has a unique taste. The lake is full of lotus flowers, white and green, with elegant scenery. Ancient literati often went boating on the lake, reciting poems and painting.

6, Panlong Snow: Panlong Mountain, commonly known as Laoshan, is 30 miles north of the state. The rocks are stacked on top of each other, spiraling upwards, like dragons, and row upon row. The Jade Emperor Pavilion is built on the mountain, which is particularly spectacular against the white snow. The ancients called it Panlong Snow.

7. Ada in Sui: Sui is the border land, and Lishui is the Tongji Canal, also called Sui and Tang Canal. Excavated in 605 AD, thousands of miles of embankment are covered with willows, which cover the earth like a green ocean. In spring, peaches and apricots compete in the forest, birds compete and bees fly in the saucer. Bai Juyi chanted Liu Yun on the Sui Dyke in the Tang Dynasty. "During the great cause, I was the son of heaven and planted Liu Chengxing alongside running water. In Daye Spring and February, the willow color is like smoke and snow, with the Yellow River in the west and the Huaihe River in the east, with a green shadow of 1,300 miles. "

8. Lishui Qingbo: Tang poetry said: "Lishui infinite spring water flows eastward, and the Sui Palace has become dust. Pedestrians don't look at the long embankment, and the wind is full of sorrow. During the Great Cause of Sui Dynasty, Emperor Yang Di went to Yangzhou to see Qionghua, mobilized millions of civilian workers, and dug a thousand-mile-long Tongji Canal, which passed through Suzhou and Lingbi and through Sizhou. Especially in Qingyang town, the water is wide and deep, and the flying bridge is like Changhong. Looking down from the bridge, I saw the blue waves of Bianshui, crystal clear. Fish are swimming in light green water, and the white sails are a little sunny. As the sun sets, fish songs answer. So there is a saying that water is clear. "