What are the language features of Hainan?

Hainan is a society composed of immigrants. Hainan Island was originally uninhabited. About 3000 years ago, a branch of the ancient Baiyue nationality crossed the Qiongzhou Strait from Guangdong and Guangxi to Hainan Island. This is the ancestor of the Li nationality today. At the end of the Southern Song Dynasty, the Han people continued to move south to avoid the war, and hundreds of thousands of Putian people from southern Fujian immigrated to Hainan Island, bringing Putian dialect and Minnan culture and promoting the formation of Hainan dialect. Later, Miao, Hui and other ethnic groups moved to Hainan one after another, gradually forming a multi-ethnic settlement in Hainan today. After historical evolution, some characteristics of various ethnic groups are constantly being assimilated, but dialects, as the most basic characteristics of this nation, have been preserved and continued from generation to generation. Formed many Hainan dialects today.

Hainan dialect is one of the Chinese dialects, belonging to the Sino-Tibetan Minnan dialect, which is distributed in most areas of Hainan Province and overseas Chinese areas, with a global population of about10 million. About 6 million people in Hainan Province speak it, which is the most widely used and populous dialect in Hainan Province. Mainly distributed in Haikou, Wenchang, Qionghai, Wanning, Ding 'an, Tunchang, Chengmai and Lingshui, Ledong, Dongfang, Changjiang, Sanya, Qiongzhong and Wuzhishan, as well as Singapore, Thailand, Malaysia, Philippines, Indonesia and the United States. In different places, Hainan dialect has subtle differences in pronunciation and tone, but it does not hinder communication. Wenchang dialect is the standard media of Hainan dialect and the standard singing of Qiongju opera. As one of the inheritors of traditional Chinese in Hainan dialect, it still retains many distinctive features of traditional Chinese, which has the greatest influence on the depth of history. As one of the inheritors of traditional Chinese in Hainan dialect, it still retains many distinctive features of traditional Chinese. The writing form of Hainan dialect is Chinese characters. You can write whatever you say, and vice versa, that is to say, it is consistent with writing. Phonologically, the details of initials, finals and tones are as follows: initials (24), finals (48) and tones (8).

Danzhou dialect is a branch of Cantonese, which is spoken by about 6.5438+million people in Hainan, mainly distributed in the northern and western parts of Danzhou, as well as in Changjiang and the eastern coastal areas.

Mai dialect is a branch of Cantonese, close to Guangzhou dialect, and mainly distributed in Yacheng and Shuinan areas of Sanya.

In Hakka, there are nearly 400,000 Hakkas in Hainan Island, and nearly 200,000 can speak Hakka. Hakka dialect is mainly distributed in Nada Town, Nanfeng Town, Yanglan Town, Heqing Town, Songtao Village in Qiongzhong County, Longtan Village in Lingao County, and state-owned farms, such as Xilian Farm and Liu Xi Farm in Danzhou City, He Ling Farm in Chengmai County, and Xinglong Overseas Chinese Farm in Wanning City [23]? .

Military dialect belongs to southwest mandarin. According to historical records, this is the language left by soldiers and officials who moved to Hainan from the mainland in ancient times. Hainan is used by about 654.38 million people, mainly distributed in Changjiang, Dongfang, Danzhou and Sanya.

Li language belongs to the Li branch of Zhuang and Dong language family of Sino-Tibetan language family. There are five dialects of Li nationality, including local dialect, Mobil dialect and Jiamao dialect. With a population of 165438+ 10,000, the province is the most populous language in Hainan. It is mainly distributed in six autonomous counties such as Qiongzhong, Baoting, Lingshui, Baisha, Ledong and Changjiang, and three cities such as Sanya, Wuzhishan and Dongfang.

Miao language belongs to the Miao Yao branch of Sino-Tibetan language family, with about 50,000 users. It is the language of Miao people in Hainan. Mainly distributed in Qiongzhong, Baisha, Baoting, Tongshi and other ethnic autonomous areas in the south-central part of Hainan Island.

There is no conclusion about the pedigree of Hui Hui dialect in academic circles. It is the language of the Hui people in Hainan. About 6000 Hui people use it. Mainly distributed in Hui Hui and Huixin Village in Sanya.

In addition, in Hainan Province, there are two special languages that are not Chinese, but spoken by Han people, namely Lingao dialect and village dialect.

Lingao dialect belongs to Zhuang Dai branch of Zhuang Dong language family of Sino-Tibetan language family, which is close to Zhuang language. Hainan is used by about 500,000 people, mainly distributed in Changliu, Rongshan and Xinhai in Lingao County and the western suburbs of Haikou City.

Village dialect belongs to the Zhuang and Dong language family of Sino-Tibetan language family, which is close to Li language. The number of users is about 654.38+million, mainly distributed in the lower reaches of Changhua River in Dongfang and Changjiang counties.