How to grow organic vegetables

Organic vegetables are widely welcomed by people, so do you know how organic vegetables are grown? The following is the organic vegetable planting method I have compiled for you. I hope it works for you.

Organic vegetable planting method

1. Variety selection

Seeds and seedlings of organic vegetables must meet three basic requirements: first, they do not contain genetically modified ingredients produced by genetic engineering; Second, it was not treated with prohibited substances; Third, they are very resistant to pests and diseases. In the production of organic vegetables, certified organic vegetable seeds and seedlings should be selected, but in the early stage of planting, if certified organic vegetable seeds and seedlings are not purchased, conventional seeds that have not been treated with prohibited substances can be selected. In addition, we should also choose vegetables and fine varieties that are resistant to diseases and insect pests and stress and adapt to local soil and seasons, such as spinach, carrots, radishes, soybeans, taro, taro, celery, ginger, leeks, garlic, green onions and onions.

2. Requirements of production base

The organic production base should be a complete plot, and there is no conventional plot in the middle, but organic conversion plots are allowed. The junction between the organic vegetable production base and the conventional plot must be clearly marked, such as rivers, hills, artificial isolation belts, etc. It usually takes two years to change from conventional production to organic production, and then the sown vegetables can be used as organic products after harvest; The start time of the conversion period is calculated from the date of applying for certification from the certification body, and the producers must operate in full accordance with the requirements of organic production during the conversion period.

3. Cultivation management

The cultivation of organic vegetables is mainly supporting cultivation techniques, implementing crop rotation and cleaning the countryside, as well as cultivating strong seedlings, grafting and changing roots and ridging.

4, the use of fertilizer

The fertilizers used to produce organic vegetables are mainly organic fertilizers, including animal manure, plant retting fertilizer, green manure, plant ash, cake fertilizer, biogas fertilizer and so on. , as well as organic special fertilizers and some microbial fertilizers certified by organic certification bodies.

4. 1 fertilizer harmless treatment

Organic fertilizer needs to be treated harmlessly two months before application. There are two methods: first, the fertilizer is mixed with water and covered with plastic film to fully decompose it. The fermentation temperature is above 60℃, which can effectively kill diseases, weeds and insects in farm manure, and the treated fertilizer is easy to be absorbed and utilized by vegetables. Second, give play to the role of biogas digesters and put organic fertilizer into biogas digesters for fermentation. Biogas slurry or biogas residue is a good organic fertilizer, and biogas can also be used in other production. Meizhou Fenghua Company has built a 600 m3 upflow biogas digester, which is the largest biogas digester in eastern Guangdong. Biogas slurry is transported to the field by pipeline, which is very convenient to use.

4.2 the use of fertilizer

4.2. 1 fertilization amount. When using fertilizer on the land where organic vegetables are planted, vegetable planting and fertilization should be carried out at the same time, and the ratio of animal fertilizer to plant fertilizer should be 1: 1.

4.2.2 Apply sufficient base fertilizer. 80% of the total fertilizer is used as the base fertilizer, and the fertilizer is evenly applied to the plough layer, which is convenient for the root system to absorb. Organic fertilizer or biological compost should be applied in combination with soil preparation, and organic compound fertilizer can be used as seed fertilizer when conditions permit, and the dosage is 1 500 kg/hm ~ 2. The method is to ditch or dig holes before transplanting or sowing, put fertilizer into backfill soil, and then plant or sow. The suitable fertilization depth is 5~ 10 cm.

4.2.3 Skillful application of topdressing. Combined with watering and soil tillage, human manure and biological fertilizer are mainly used for soil topdressing. Foliage fertilizer can also be used, and bio-organic foliar fertilizer is selected in the growth period, and sprayed 1 time every 7~ 10 d for 2~3 times in total. For vegetables with high planting density and shallow roots, the method of spreading fertilizer and topdressing can be used. When the vegetables grow to 3-4 leaves, spread the dry and fine fertilizer evenly in the vegetable fields and water them in time. For vegetables with large rows of roots and concentrated roots, furrow fertilization can be used. Don't cut the roots when ditching, cover the soil and water it in time. Pay attention to the flexible collocation and scientific application of fertilizers according to the characteristics of fertilizers, different soil properties, different vegetable types and different growth and development periods, effectively fertilize the soil and improve crop yield and quality.

5. Prevention and control of diseases, pests and weeds

Because it is forbidden to use all chemically synthesized pesticides and products produced by genetic engineering technology in the production of organic vegetables, diseases, weeds and insects of organic vegetables should be adhered to? Prevention first, combining prevention with treatment? In principle, agricultural and physical measures such as high-temperature disinfection, reasonable fertilizer and water management, crop rotation, diversified intercropping and protection of natural enemies should be taken to comprehensively control diseases, pests and weeds.

5. 1 disease control

Use lime, sulfur and Bordeaux mixture to control vegetable diseases, and allow limited use of copper-containing substances (such as copper hydroxide and copper sulfate). ), soft soap, plant preparation, vinegar, etc.

5.2 Pest control

It is advocated to control pests by releasing parasites and predatory natural enemies (such as red-eyed beetles, ladybugs and predatory mites). ), or using attractants in traps and distribution utensils, or physical insect catching facilities (such as insect nets). Rotenone, pyrethrins from plants, emulsified vegetable oil and diatomite can be used for limited pest control, and microorganisms and their preparations (such as Bacillus borealis and Bt preparations) are allowed for limited pest control.

5.3 Weed control

Adopt cultivation techniques (such as crop rotation, planting green manure, fallow, etc.) to control weeds. ), or cover with straw to weed. Mechanical and electric weeding is allowed, and genetic engineering products and chemical herbicides are prohibited. Pay attention to the grass that is beneficial to the growth of natural enemies and should not be pulled out.

Cultivation techniques of organic vegetables

Cultivation management

1. Variety selection should use organic vegetable seeds and seedlings. If there are no certified organic vegetable seeds and seedlings (such as in the initial stage of organic planting), conventional seeds that have not been treated with banned substances can be used. Vegetable varieties and varieties that adapt to local soil and climate characteristics and are resistant to pests and diseases should be selected, and the genetic diversity of crops should be fully considered in variety selection. It is forbidden to use any genetically modified seeds.

2. At least three crops, including leguminous crops or green manure, are used for rotation and clean rural organic bases; In areas where 1 year can only grow 1 crop vegetables, two-crop rotation including leguminous crops is allowed. After the previous vegetable harvest, thoroughly clean the base and transport all the sick and disabled bodies out of the base for destruction or deep burial, so as to reduce the sick and disabled base.

3. Supporting cultivation techniques By cultivating strong seedlings, grafting to change roots, ridging cultivation, plastic film mulching, reasonable close planting, plant regulation and other technologies, we make full use of light, heat, gas and other conditions to create an environment conducive to vegetable growth, thus achieving the goal of high yield and high efficiency.

Fertilizer use

1. Types of fertilizers that are allowed to be used: organic fertilizers, including animal manure and residues, vegetable retting fertilizers, green fertilizers, plant ash, cake fertilizers, etc. Minerals, including potassium mineral powder, phosphate rock powder, calcium chloride and other substances; In addition, it also includes organic special fertilizers and some microbial fertilizers certified by organic certification bodies.

2. Harmless treatment of fertilizer Organic fertilizer should be treated harmlessly two months before application, and the fertilizer should be treated by splashing water, wetting, stacking and covering with plastic film to make it fully fermented and decomposed. During fermentation, the temperature in the compost is as high as 60℃, which can effectively kill diseases, weeds and pests in farm manure, and the treated fertilizer is easy to be absorbed and utilized by vegetables.

3, the use of fertilizer

(1) Fertilization amount: When fertilizer is used in the land where organic vegetables are planted, vegetable planting and fertilization should be carried out at the same time. The ratio of animal and plant fertilizers should be controlled at 1: 1. Generally, 3000-4000 kg of organic fertilizer is applied per mu, and the organic special fertilizer is topdressing 100 kg.

(2) Plantar fertilization: 80% of the total fertilizer is used as the base fertilizer, and the fertilizer is evenly mixed into the plough layer in combination with the cultivated land to facilitate root absorption.