20 14 political outline for postgraduate examination

I. Nature of the examination

The ideological and political theory examination is a national joint examination subject with selection nature for universities and research institutes to recruit graduate students. Its purpose is to scientifically, fairly and effectively test the ability of candidates to master the basic knowledge and theory of ideological and political theory courses at the undergraduate level, and to analyze and solve problems by using Marxist positions, viewpoints and methods. The evaluation standard is the passing level or above that the undergraduate graduates can reach, so as to ensure that the admitted students have basic ideological and political theory quality and are beneficial to universities and research institutes.

Two. Examination objectives

The examination content of ideological and political theory covers the basic principles of Marxism, the theoretical system of Mao Zedong Thought and Socialism with Chinese characteristics, the outline of modern history of China, ideological and moral cultivation and legal basis, situation and policy, contemporary world economy and politics and other ideological and political theory courses in colleges and universities. Candidates need:

1. Accurately identify or reproduce the relevant knowledge of this subject.

2. Accurately and appropriately use the technical terms of this discipline, and correctly understand and master the relevant categories, laws and conclusions of this discipline.

3. Use relevant principles to explain and demonstrate a point of view, and distinguish right from wrong in theory.

4. Comparative analysis of relevant social phenomena or practical problems with Marxist standpoints, viewpoints and methods.

5. Understand and evaluate relevant theoretical and practical issues in combination with specific historical conditions or international and domestic political, economic and social life backgrounds.

Ⅲ. Examination form and examination paper structure

First, the perfect score of the test paper and the examination time

The full mark of this volume is 100, and the examination time is 180 minutes.

Second, the way to answer questions

The answer methods are closed book and written test.

Third, the content structure of the test paper

"Introduction to the Basic Principles of Marxism" accounts for about 24%

The introduction of Mao Zedong Thought and Socialism with Chinese characteristics's theoretical system accounts for about 30%.

The outline of modern history of China is about 14%.

Ideological and moral cultivation and legal basis are about 16%

Situation and policy and contemporary world economy and politics are about 16%.

Fourth, the question structure of the test paper

Multiple choice questions 16 points (16 small questions, each small question 1 point)

34 points for multiple-choice questions (17 small questions, 2 points for each small question)

50 points for analysis questions

ⅳ. Examination content

I. Introduction to the Basic Principles of Marxism

(1) Marxism is a science about the proletariat and human liberation.

1. The emergence and development of Marxism

The significance of Marxism. The economic and social origin, practical basis and ideological origin of Marxism. The establishment of Marxism. The development of Marxism in practice.

2. The distinctive features of Marxism

Unity of scientific and revolutionary Marxism. Philosophical basis, political standpoint, theoretical quality and social ideal of Marxism. Significance and methods of studying and applying Marxism.

(B) the materiality of the world and its development law

1. Material World and Practice

World outlook, methodology, philosophy. Basic problems and contents of philosophy. Materialism and idealism, knowability and agnosticism, dialectics and metaphysics. The establishment of Marxist philosophy is a great change in the history of philosophy.

Marxist material view and its theoretical significance. The origin and essence of consciousness. Matter and motion, motion and stillness, matter motion and time and space. The essence of society. The principle of world material unity and its significance.

The essence, basic characteristics and basic forms of practice. Practice and human existence. Differentiation and unity between nature and human society. The relationship between man and nature. The practical essence of social life.

Law and its objectivity. The manifestation of the dynamic function of consciousness. The relationship between subjective initiative and objective regularity. Give full play to subjective initiative. The relationship between social and historical trends and topic selection.

2. The universal connection and development of things

Connotation and characteristics of connection. Methodological significance of the principle of universal connection of things. Contact and movement, change and development. The essence of development. Development and process. Materialist dialectics and Scientific Outlook on Development.

The essence and core of materialist dialectics. The identity and struggle of contradictions and their relationship. The role of identity and struggle of contradiction in the development of things. The methodological significance of the principle of contradictory identity and struggle.

The meaning of universality and particularity of contradiction and their relationship. Significance of the principle of dialectical relationship between universality and particularity of contradiction.

The quality, quantity and degree of things. Quantitative and qualitative changes in the development of things and their dialectical relationship. Affirmation and negation in the development of things. Dialectical negation and its methodological significance. The negative law of negation and its significance.

The basic categories of materialist dialectics: causality, inevitability and contingency, possibility and reality, phenomenon and essence, form and content and its methodological significance.

3. Materialist dialectics is the fundamental way to understand and transform the world.

Objective dialectics and subjective dialectics. Materialist dialectics and cognitive methods and working methods.

The main methods of dialectical thinking are induction and deduction, analysis and synthesis, abstraction and concreteness, and the unity of logic and history. Dialectical thinking method and modern scientific thinking method.

(C) the nature of knowledge and its development law

1. the essence and law of cognition

Subject, object and intermediary in practice and cognition activities. The relationship between subject and object and the process of interaction. The decisive role of practice in cognition. The guiding role of cognition and theory in practice.

The opposition between materialist reflection theory and idealist transcendentalism. The difference between dialectical materialism dynamic reflection theory and old materialism intuitive reflection theory. The main content of dialectical materialism dynamic reflection theory.

Perceptual cognition and rational cognition and their relationship in the process of cognition. A leap from perceptual knowledge to rational knowledge. Rational factors and irrational factors in the process of cognition. A leap from rational understanding to practice. Repeatability and infinity of cognition. The concrete historical unity of cognition and practice.

2. Truth and value

Truth and its objectivity. The absoluteness and relativity of truth and their dialectical relationship. Truth and falsehood, success and failure. Practice is the only criterion for testing truth. The certainty and uncertainty of practical standards.

Value and its characteristics. Value evaluation and its characteristics and functions. Establish correct values. Dialectical unity of truth and value.

3. Unity of cognition and practice

Proceed from reality, seek truth from facts and emancipate the mind. Insist on and develop truth-seeking and innovation in practice. Understanding the world and transforming the world, transforming the objective world and transforming the subjective world. Freedom and necessity. Marxist epistemology and the party's ideological line.

(D) Human society and its development law

1. Basic social contradictions and their laws of motion

The defects of the old historical view and the establishment of historical materialism. The meaning, composition and function of social existence and social consciousness. The content and significance of the dialectical relationship between social existence and social consciousness.

The meaning and structure of productive forces. The meaning and content of production relations. The relationship between productivity and production relations. The principle of the law of contradictory movement between productive forces and production relations and its theoretical and practical significance.

The connotation of economic base and superstructure. The origin and essence of the country. The relationship between economic base and superstructure. Contradictory movement between economic base and superstructure and its law.

The connotation of social form. Unity and diversity of social form replacement. Inevitability of social form replacement and historical selectivity of human beings. The gradual change and vacillation of social forms.

2. The motive force of social and historical development

The content of basic social contradictions. The role of basic social contradictions in social development.

The emergence and essence of class. The origin and function of class struggle. Class analysis method.

The essence and root of social revolution. The role of revolution in social development.

The nature and function of reform.

The significance of science and technology. The role of scientific and technological revolution. Duality of social function of science and technology.

3. The role of people in historical development

The opposition between two historical views on the issue of historical creators. Real people, their activities and social history. Human nature. Historical materialism principle to examine the problem of historical creators. The decisive role of the people in the process of creating history. Mass viewpoint and mass line.

Personal and social history. The role of historical figures in historical development. Scientific methods to evaluate historical figures. Correctly evaluate proletarian leaders.

(V) The formation and essence of capitalism

1. The contradiction between the formation of capitalism and the commodity economy based on private ownership

The emergence of capitalist relations of production. Primitive accumulation of capital. The formation of capitalist mode of production.

Historical conditions for the emergence of commodity economy. Two factors of commodity. The duality of labor in producing goods. The determination of commodity value. The development of value forms and the emergence of money. The essence and function of money. Law of value and its function. Basic contradiction of commodity economy based on private ownership.

Theoretical and practical significance of Marx's labor theory of value. Deepen the understanding of Marx's labor theory of value.

2. The nature of the capitalist economic system

Labor force is the basic condition of commodity. The characteristics of labor commodity and the transformation of money into capital.

Ownership and ownership. Capitalist ownership and its essence.

Duality of capitalist production process. The essence of surplus value. The essence of capital. The difference between constant capital and variable capital and its significance. Surplus value rate.

Absolute surplus value and relative surplus value. Excess surplus value. The source of surplus value under the condition of production automation.

Simple reproduction and expanded reproduction of capitalism. The essence, source and consequence of capital accumulation. Organic composition of capital. Relative surplus population. Historical trend of capital accumulation.

Capital circulation and its functional forms, conditions for normal circulation of industrial capital. Capital turnover and its speed. The core problem of social reproduction and its realization conditions.

The essence and form of capitalist wages. The formation of average profit and the division of surplus value.

The significance of Marx's surplus value theory.

The formation and intensification of the basic contradiction of capitalism. The essence, root, concrete manifestation and periodicity of capitalist economic crisis.

3. Capitalist political system and ideology

The function and essence of capitalist countries.

Composition and essence of capitalist political system. The progressive function and limitation of capitalist political system.

The formation and essence of capitalist ideology. Dialectical analysis of capitalist ideology.

(VI) The historical process of capitalist development

1. From free competition capitalism to monopoly capitalism

Two stages of capitalist development. Concentration of production and capital. The formation, essence and organization of monopoly. Monopoly and competition. Financial capital and financial oligarchy. Monopoly profits and monopoly prices.

The formation, main forms and functions of state monopoly capitalism. The expansion of monopoly capital in the world and its consequences. Monopoly organization under the condition of internationalization of monopoly capital. The basic characteristics and essence of monopoly capitalism.

Economic globalization and its manifestations. Causes and consequences of economic globalization.

2. New changes in contemporary capitalism

Performance and characteristics of new changes in contemporary capitalist economy and politics. The causes and essence of the new changes in contemporary capitalism.

3. The historical position and development trend of capitalism

The historical position of capitalism. The historical inevitability of capitalism being replaced by socialism. The complexity and long-term nature of the transition from capitalism to socialism.