Compaction density of manganese, nickel, iron and sodium

Commonly used metal material density table, material name density, G/cm3 material name density, g/cm3 gray cast iron 6.67.4 stainless steel 1 Cr 18 nil lnb, Cr23Ni 187.9 white cast iron 7.47.72cr13ni. 68 brass 8.5 ordinary carbon steel 7.8580, 85, 90 brass 8.7 high-quality carbon steel 7.8596 brass 8.8 carbon tool steel 7.8559- 1, 63-3 lead brass 8.5 free-cutting steel 7.8574-3 lead brass 8.7 manganese steel 7.8 190- 1. Kloc-0/- 1 aluminum brass 8.5 nickel brass 8.5 chromium nickel tungsten steel 7.80 manganese brass 8.5 chromium molybdenum aluminum steel 7.65 silicon brass, nickel brass, iron brass 8.5 tungsten-containing 9 high-speed tool steel 8.35-5-5 cast tin bronze 8.8 tungsten-containing 18 high-speed tool steel 8.73-/Kloc-0 kloc-0/3，2Cr 13，3Cr 13，4Cr 13，Cr 17Ni2，Cr 18，9Cr 18，Cr25， Cr287.500088866cr177.74-4-2.5 tin bronze 8.750Cr 10-3- 1.5 aluminum bronze 7.5LT 1 special aluminum 2.7510. MB8 1.78 1-3 silicon bronze 8.6MB3 1.79 1 beryllium bronze 8.8MB5, MB6, MB7, MB 15 1.80.5 cadmium bronze 8.9. TA3)4.5 1.5 manganese bronze 8.8 titanium alloy TA4, TA5, TC64.455 manganese bronze 8.6TA64.4 white copper B5, B 19, B30, BMn40- 1.58.9TA7, tc54.46bmn3-/ Kloc-0/5-208.6 TB 65438+ Ni-Si alloy 8.85 hard aluminum LY 1, LY2, LY4, LY62.76 Ni-Cr alloy 8.72LY32.73 zinc ingot (Zn0. 1, Zn2, Zn3) 7./Kloc-0. LY 142.8 cast zinc 6.86LY9, LY 122.784- 1 cast zinc-aluminum alloy 6.9LY 16, LY 172.844-0.5 cast zinc-aluminum alloy 6.75 forged aluminum LD2, LD302.7. I. General knowledge and management of steel (I) Ordinary structural steel Ordinary structural steel is referred to as ordinary steel for short. The content of sulfur and phosphorus in ordinary steel is relatively limited, and the content of sulfur and phosphorus is not more than 0.045% (0.045) and 0.045%(0.045). Ordinary structural steel is mainly used in buildings and engineering structures with general requirements; General structural steel mainly includes carbon structural steel, low-alloy structural steel and special general structural steel derived from them. Ordinary structural steel can be divided into the following two categories: (1) carbon structural steel (plain carbon steel for short), which is divided into four quality grades according to the yield point: Q 195, Q2 15, Q235, Q255 and Q275, and classified into four quality grades: A, B, C and D according to the content of sulfur and phosphorus. According to the degree of deoxidization, it can be divided into boiling steel, semi-killed steel, killed steel and special killed steel (see GB700-88 standard). (2) Low-alloy structural steel can be divided into three types according to steel structure: ferritic pearlite steel, which is usually delivered in hot rolled state; Low carbon bainitic steel, usually delivered in hot rolled or normalized state; Low carbon martensitic steel is usually delivered in quenched and tempered state. Ferrite pearlite steel is the most commonly used steel in the above three structures. When selecting, you can choose among the steels with the same yield point. (II) Alloy structural steel Alloy structural steel is steel with one or more alloying elements added on the basis of high-quality carbon structural steel. Commonly added alloying elements are manganese, silicon, chromium, nickel, tungsten, molybdenum, vanadium, titanium, boron, niobium and so on. The carbon content of alloy structural steel is less than 0.55; Compared with carbon structural steel, it has high hardenability and is used to manufacture mechanical equipment structural parts with high performance requirements, large size and complex shape. There are four kinds of alloy structural steel: (1) According to the different contents of sulfur and phosphorus, it is divided into three kinds: high-quality alloy structural steel. Steel contains S0.035 and P0.035；; High-grade high-quality alloy structural steel, with "A" added after the brand name, contains super-high-quality alloy structural steel of S0.025 and P 0.025, and "E" added after the brand name, contains S0.0 15 and P0.025. (2) According to the alloy element content, it is divided into three categories: low-alloy steel (the total alloy element content is 5); Medium alloy steel (the total content of alloying elements is 5-10); High alloy steel (total content of alloying elements is 10). (3) According to different processing methods, it can be divided into two categories: hot pressing or cold-drawn steel for pressure processing; Steel for machining. The purpose and processing method of steel shall be indicated in the contract, otherwise the steel shall be delivered as cut steel. (4) According to different heat treatment methods, it can be divided into quenched and tempered steel and carburized steel. 2. Classification of steel and related concepts There are many kinds of steel, which can be divided into four categories according to the characteristics of cross-sectional area and shape: profiles, plates, pipes and metal products. (1) classification 1. Section steel, especially special-shaped section steel, is suitable for or basically equivalent to the components or mechanism parts to be manufactured, and can be used without machining or slightly machining, with high bending and torsion resistance. Widely used in various building structures and engineering structures, and also widely used as various mechanical parts and tools. 2. Steel plate Steel plate has large surface area, large covering and accommodating capacity, and can be cut and combined (welded, riveted and bite-jointed) according to the use requirements, and can be bent and punched. It is not only widely used to manufacture various structural parts, containers, vehicles, shells of various industrial furnaces and reaction towers, mechanical parts and daily appliances, but also widely used as blanks for producing cold-formed steel, welded steel and welded steel pipes. 3. Steel pipe has a hollow cross section and is widely used as a pipeline for conveying fluid. Compared with round steel, square steel and other solid steel products, steel pipes are lighter in weight under the same bending and torsion strength, and are also widely used to manufacture mechanical parts and structural parts, such as oil drill pipes, automobile transmission shafts and bicycle frames. In order to improve the utilization rate of materials, some steel pipes are also used to manufacture blanks of various annular parts, such as nuts, rolling bearing rings, jack sleeves and so on. In the military industry, it is also used to manufacture some conventional weapons, such as barrels and barrels. 4. Metal products Metal products are replicas made of wire by cold drawing, including steel wire, steel wire rope and steel strand. Steel wire is mainly used for binding, traction and making springs. Compared with rope and chain, steel wire rope and steel strand have the advantages of light weight, high strength, softness, strong impact resistance and safe use, and are widely used in tension fixation, transportation and traction, lifting and so on. (2) Related concepts: 1, chemical elements All substances in nature are composed of different simple atoms. These simple atoms are called chemical elements (or elements for short) and are the basis of matter. At present, human beings have discovered 107 chemical elements. 2. Metal All substances with good electrical conductivity, thermal conductivity and ductility are called metals. Metals produced and used in industry all contain certain impurities, including alloys in addition to pure metals. 3. Pure metal Pure metal refers to a metal containing only one metal element. Industrial pure metals contain some impurities more or less. 4. A substance with metallic characteristics, which is composed of two or more metals and metals or metals and nonmetallic elements, is called an alloy. 5. Metal materials Metal materials refer to materials made of metals or alloys through melting and various processes. In practical work, metal materials are often referred to as metals for short. According to different kinds of metal materials, it can be divided into ferrous metal materials and non-ferrous metal materials. 6. Steel materials Steel materials, that is, ferrous metal materials, such as steel, pig iron, ferroalloy, etc. Third, the performance of steel The performance of steel is divided into service performance and process performance. The former refers to the properties that should be possessed to ensure the normal use of products (mechanical parts or structural parts) made of steel, including physical properties, chemical properties and mechanical properties. The latter refers to the ability of steel to withstand various processing and manufacturing processes without producing defects or waste products after production. Such as castability, weldability, etc. (1) Physical properties and chemical properties Physical properties include density, melting point, thermal expansion, electrical conductivity, thermal conductivity and magnetism. Chemistry is mainly anti-oxidation and corrosion resistance. Wear resistance is a comprehensive property. 1, density The mass per unit volume of metallic materials is called density. That is, density, mass and volume, and the unit is g cm 3. The density of different metal materials is different, for example, the density of steel is 7.85g cm 3；; The density of aluminum is 2.7 grams cubic centimeter. The density of metal materials is directly related to the quality of parts and the compactness of structures, which is one of the bases for design and material selection. In the supply and marketing of steel, the density of steel is often used to calculate the quality of steel, that is, the mass density volume. 2. Melting point The temperature at which a metal material changes from a solid state to a liquid state is called the melting point. Different metals have different melting points, such as 1400 1500 for steel and 232 for tin. The melting point of metal materials is an important factor that must be considered in casting, welding, electroplating and alloy preparation, which has a great relationship with the application of metals. For example, fuse (lead-tin alloy) can be refined with low melting point alloy, and lead type (lead-antimony alloy) can be cast; Refining filament and heating element (W-Mo alloy) with high melting point alloy; Alloys with higher melting point are used to manufacture mechanical parts and structural parts. 3. The ability of heat conducting metal to transfer heat is called thermal conductivity. The main index to measure thermal conductivity is thermal conductivity (heat transfer coefficient). The stronger the thermal conductivity of metal materials, the faster the heat dissipation. The thermal conductivity of pure metal is better than that of alloy. Metal materials with high thermal conductivity can be used to manufacture radiators and heat exchangers, such as copper, aluminum and their alloys. The worse the thermal conductivity of metal materials, the greater the temperature difference between the surface and the interior during heating and cooling, the greater the internal stress, and the greater the tendency of deformation and cracking. 4. The property that the thermal expansion metal material increases in volume (that is, the geometric size increases) when heated is called thermal expansion. Usually expressed by linear expansion coefficient. When designing precision instruments, precision machine tool parts and measuring tools, metal materials with small linear expansion coefficient should be selected to maintain high accuracy. If the clearance between piston and cylinder liner of internal combustion engine is very small, it is necessary to ensure the reciprocating motion and air tightness of piston in cylinder liner. Therefore, the thermal expansion of piston and cylinder liner materials should be similar to avoid long-term retention or air leakage.

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