The object of human resource accounting

Human resources refer to the total labor capacity of a specific population, which is the combination of the labor force population and the labor force population quality. The object of human resources accounting is human resources. As far as an economic organization (such as various enterprises and profitable institutions) is concerned, the occupation form of human resources is "human assets" and the source form is "human capital". Human assets refer to the human economic resources owned or controlled by enterprises that can be measured in money, that is, the use and control of human assets can bring future economic benefits to economic organizations. Human assets are marked by "people" becoming workers of enterprises, and the valuation scale is the present value of the part of future income that is regarded as human resources. It is similar to intangible assets in nature, but its value is not amortized due to use. An enterprise's investment in employee recruitment, testing, employment and training, human resource development, etc. should be capitalized as "human investment", which is similar to deferred assets in nature and should be amortized within the expected benefit period. Human capital is a concept corresponding to human assets, which represents the ownership of labor force and the source of funds invested in enterprises. Its establishment means recognizing the due position of workers in economic organizations. We can call human capital "laborers' rights and interests", and the accounting identity of human resource accounting is "human assets = human capital (laborers' rights and interests)". If human resource accounting is integrated with traditional accounting, and "people, money and things" are taken as the accounting objects of the whole accounting system, the accounting identity should be changed to "property assets+human assets = creditor's rights and interests+owner's rights and interests+laborer's rights and interests", in which: the reward of creditor's rights and interests is interest, the reward of owner's rights and interests is dividend (or dividend), and the reward of laborer's rights and interests is salary.

The accounting community also has different understandings about the classification of human resource accounting according to its accounting objects. Eric Franholtz believes that human resource accounting is divided into two systems: human resource cost accounting and human resource value accounting; Some well-known accounting scholars in China believe that human resource accounting can be divided into two systems: human resource financial accounting and human resource management accounting. These two classification methods are different from those of modern accounting. We can divide the human resource planning into three branches, which are interrelated and have their own characteristics: human resource financial accounting, human resource cost accounting and human resource management accounting. Their contents correspond to and belong to traditional financial accounting, cost accounting and management accounting respectively, which enriches the content of traditional accounting disciplines. After the traditional financial accounting, cost accounting and management accounting add the accounting content of human resources, they can still keep the connection between them through the cross and reference of contents and methods, so that the whole accounting system can maintain its integrity and unity.