Why are more and more people taking the exam?

From 1992, China just started to engage in market economy, and now it is hot; These years belong to the period when China completed primitive accumulation of capital, and the formation of monopoly capital and the proletarianization of workers were completed in this period.

In the early 1990s, people who "started a business in the sea" faced an almost blank market. As the economic pillar of the planned economy era, state-owned enterprises were almost completely destroyed at that time, leaving sufficient market space for the development of private capital. This is an era of "basically making a fortune by giving up your seat". After more than 20 years of development and fierce competition, private capital has become a monopoly giant in all walks of life. Monopoly capital has also penetrated into society, and there is monopoly capital in any sub-industry. Take the Internet industry as an example. In recent years, any internet venture has been either a car war or a bicycle ride, and the final result has been harvested by monopoly capital giants such as Tencent and Ali. With the formation of monopoly capital and market segmentation, "entrepreneurship" has almost become an insurmountable road. Ordinary small capital can't compete with big monopoly capital at all, and the epidemic itself only accelerates this process.

A large number of petty bourgeoisie relying on their own labor and employees relying on small capital went bankrupt under the squeeze of big monopoly capital and became part of the working class. Workers and peasants were swallowed up by the market economy and forced to leave their homes to work. Online shopping malls such as Taobao and JD.COM, as well as large supermarkets such as Hualian and Wal-Mart, crush all kinds of small supermarkets, small shops and physical stores, while universities expand their enrollment and unconstrained capital overflows.

Compared with the tertiary industry Internet and other systems, the salaries of civil servants and institutions are not high. However, the stability and welfare are good, and the upsurge of taking the examination of public officials is not a return to traditional concepts, but a choice based on reality and interests.

It is in this context that the upsurge of examination for public officials came into being. In the infiltration of capital, some civil servants and institutions that have retained the welfare in the planned economy era have become the only islands that can escape capital exploitation. It is the yearning for unemployment, and there are still some remnants of planned economy in the sea of capitalist Wang Yang.

But at the same time, the "island" of social welfare also means that the social welfare that most workers should enjoy has become a "privilege" that only a few people can enjoy within the system. Excellent talents do not sell themselves to capital in the labor market, but try their best to escape the "system" to escape capital exploitation, which is also a phenomenon that capital cannot tolerate.

In capitalism, the market economy needs a unified rather than a divided labor market. It wants to turn everyone into a hired labor force and sell themselves "freely" in the market without discrimination. They need a "cheap government" that doesn't have to bear any welfare and social security, because only such a "cheap government" can reduce the "tax burden" of capitalists.

Note that the "cheap government" here does not refer to Marx's idea in the Civil War in Wailanci, that is, to achieve the best administrative management with as little administrative cost as possible. Marx believes that the new socialism "the state must limit its own expenses, that is, streamline government agencies, reduce their scale, narrow the scope of management as much as possible, use as few officials as possible, and interfere in civil society affairs as little as possible."

However, in the19th century, Marx put forward the idea of criticizing bourgeois scholars' "cheap government" according to the experience of the Paris Commune. The first prototype came from Adam Smith, and later western political economy developed to this day. One of the elements is effectiveness, that is, the efficiency of management, including the reasonable establishment of management institutions, the scientific management procedures, the maximum reduction of management costs and the appointment of senior technicians.

The function of the state is to safeguard the interests of the ruling class, which is the power behind the state. Western capitalist countries put forward this set of "cheap government" for this purpose. Capitalists who possess the means of production are unable to plan production, but spend money to hire technical elites as think tanks, tying senior technical elites who rely on wealth distribution and decision-making power to their own interest chains, making them become workers' aristocrats. Once they enter the working class and spread their technical knowledge, they will be unable to control production guidance, which will inevitably threaten the existing capitalist system.

Western capital countries are government think tanks of benchmarking enterprises. They are responsible for planning and execution but have no decision-making power, and the parliamentary vote, including all groups, is the idea of shareholders. Although the working class sometimes compromises with the opposite, the ruling class dominates as a whole.

In the Soviet Union, senior technicians colluded with privileged groups, and the mastermind was the same as the decision-maker, that is, a new privileged class with three rights of decision-making, distribution and planning was born. For a long time, workers can only vote in the schemes provided by these technical elites. Workers gradually lost their democratic consciousness, and the technical elites successfully deceived and seized the democratic rights of workers and seized the decision-making and distribution rights of the plan. Finally, the ownership of the means of production has also changed. The Soviet Union later abolished the right of trade unions to strike freely, and trade unions became the tools of passive capitalism.

Since1980s, there have been many layoffs, and the government has also fired a large number of civil servants internally. The ultimate goal is to improve the technical content of administrative activities, reduce links and channels, and thus reduce the financial expenditure burden. The most important thing is to reduce administrative costs, thus reducing the pressure of capital tax.

The "isolated island" that still exists among civil servants and institutions will definitely be the target of capital attacks in the future. Killing the last "island" is also a task to be completed in the future.

How complete is the reform of public institutions? ! We can clearly see the changes in colleges and universities. Almost all 985 universities and some 2 1 1 universities have completed personnel reform, and "promotion or resignation" has become a common law in colleges and universities. Young teachers will face the risk of being fired if they can't finish their scientific research tasks within the specified time. Just as the iron rice bowl of workers was broken in the 1990s, so was the iron rice bowl of intellectuals in public institutions. After "institution", it is "civil servant". Proletarialization of grass-roots civil servants has become an inevitable trend. A few years ago, the salary increase of civil servants was just a signal and a start. The salary increase of civil servants is at the expense of cutting various benefits and subsidies, which makes monetary wages the main part of civil servants' income. In the long run, the direction is to integrate civil servants' pension, medical care and other benefits with the market, and raising monetary wages is only a redemption policy to reduce the resistance to "integration". After cutting benefits, the next step is the reform of the appointment system of civil servants. The appointment of civil servants in Shenzhen and other places is only an experiment.

Of course, this change will certainly not be as simple and rude as the treatment of workers in state-owned enterprises in the 1990s, but it is certain that this process will be completed sooner or later.