Praise and inclination of ancient Shu Road in Qinling Mountains

The universe is infinite, but there is only one home. Welcome to the world family. There is an ancient river in our country, named Baohe. Yan Baohe will continue to pursue his birthplace. At the southern foot of Taibai Mountain in Qinling Mountains and the northern foot of Taibai Mountain, there is an oblique Shui Gu and a homologous stream, which echoes the Baohe River in the opposite direction. As early as 2000 years ago in Guanzhong, the ancients opened a shoe bag plank road along Ershui. Qinling Mountain has been the main obstacle to north-south traffic since ancient times. In Li Bai's poems, the difficulty to the south of Shu Road is that Xie Plank Road is the main channel that crosses the Qinling Mountains and connects the 800-mile Qinchuan and Bashu Tianfu borders. At the beginning of shoes, people at that time created an incredible miracle. The world's first man-made tunnel through a mountain was said by Guo, an archaeological expert at Shimen. Its width is 4 meters. We can see that the width of vehicles in the Han Dynasty is 1m 5, so two vehicles in the Han Dynasty can still give way to each other at the Shimen. A large number of historical records show that Qionglong sings with cars and forests, which means that the shoe bag plank road has been opened to traffic. This Shimen tunnel is 16m long, 4m high and 4m wide, which is amazing. It seems like a trivial project, but before the invention of gunpowder, how did the Han merchants dig this tunnel more than 900 years ago?

The song of Shimen is a stone carving carved on the cliff in Shimen tunnel. He recorded a great event in the four years of Yongping in the Eastern Han Dynasty, that is, in AD 6 1 year, Emperor Han Ling sent a letter to dig a stone gate. As for this historical fact, how to drill the stone gate, how to drill it and how long it took, but Zhi Zi was the invention of ironmaking gas, probably during the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period. During the Warring States Period, Shimen Tunnel in the Eastern Han Dynasty was opened. By the end of the year, iron tools can be used. So, were the ancient stone gates also carved with iron? The researchers at Baogukou, where the ancient Shimen is located, specially tested the suitable rocks with steel drills.

The rocks here are very hard. After steel has been drilled on the rock surface for more than a dozen times, the surface is still just a white spot. Guo explained that the stones here contain a lot of time. We know that the hardness in time is the hardest among stones. 1900 years ago, ironmaking trees were still very backward, not to mention steel brands. If the width is 16m, excavate 4m and 4m in this way. The workload of the tunnel is simply unimaginable. Shouldn't the ancients chisel the stone door like this? 1969, Shimen reservoir built the original Shimen site, with a buried depth of tens of meters. The ancient stone gate disappeared from people's sight.

The mystery of his excavation has remained in the minds of some scholars, lingering in order to refine it. The intersection of Mr. Wei is our starting point. Follow the clues provided by nature and explore the fate between heaven and earth with sound. The sky has no boundaries, and our hearts are not blocked. Welcome to the home of heaven and earth. I'm Liu Sijia. 1900 years ago, before the invention of gunpowder, the ancients once excavated the world's first artificial tunnel. So, how did the ancients dig tunnels? Is this method really effective? So far, this is still a mystery. Jia Han, a scholar in the Qing Dynasty, wrote a poem about repairing the plank road, which recorded that a boiling water machine was used to repair the plank road at that time. This method is based on the principle that rocks expand with heat and contract with cold. After the fire boils, water it quickly, so that the stone will tear and even become like cutting tofu. Then, this method was also used to excavate ancient stone gates. Guo said that as early as the Warring States period, Li Bing used this method to repair Dujiangyan. The messenger also used a boiler to boil water, but it was not tested. In the process of research, we can't avoid this problem. Is to do this business with a scientific attitude. According to ancient books, hand soldiers chisel away from piles, which is said by legend. Libing dug a pile of plows with the method of boiling water machine.

Forty years after the completion of the ancient Shimen in Dujiangyan, there were also records of burning stones to dig roads in the Han Dynasty. Based on this, it is speculated that the ancient Shimen should also use boiling water, but some scholars have questioned this. Fang Xiaowen, Deputy Director of Shimen Reservoir Management Bureau, Shimen Reservoir, Hanzhong, Shaanxi. He said that the surface of his stone should be a little uneven after boiling water with a big fire, but now this cave has passed through time, and nearly 2000 years have passed, and some people are still trying to step on it. After repeating so many steps, the moment is relatively smooth and smooth. After the Shi Wen Tunnel was completed, it was in this cave.

People at that time recorded this event by grinding cliffs and carving. The so-called cliff grinding means that the characters are directly engraved on natural rocks, and there is no need to polish the rocks of the mountain. Stone carvings on Cliff in Shimen focus on the calligraphy art from the Ming and Qing Dynasties. They are national treasures. Before the ancient Shimen site was submerged, the cultural relics department kept some precious stone carvings in the cave. From the moment of preservation, the surface of these stone carvings is smooth and flat, and there is no trace of weathering and shedding at all. These moments should be more damaged after being rubbed by countless people, but why are there no signs of interesting changes? Then Guo Qinghua, director of the Myanmar Line Museum in Hanzhong, Shaanxi, said:

I have some doubts about the way the ancients used hot pot to open Shimen. We also did experiments at that time. The experiment we did was to burn some stones in situ with a small stove, and then bring the chicken up with water to see if he could hunt. Judging from the situation at that time, it was not ideal, because the experiment was different from the ancients. Speaking of it, this experiment is also very simple. In other words, preparing some firewood to burn on the rocks can only be like this, because the experimental experts have never really used historical materials to do experiments, and the records are very limited. As for when to light the fire and when to use the water dispenser.

No one can say for sure, so we have to take a step and say a step. Of course, the result of this experiment is even more uncertain. In this way, it must be very difficult for the ancients to dig this Shimen tunnel. Then why did they dig this stone gate? Can't open it? This is also a well-known story, starting from the plank road where shoes are packed. Archaeological evidence. There is a silk-wrapping shop about 1 km away from Baohe Gukou. It is the hometown of beautiful Bao Si. Bao Si is Gu Baoguo's daughter. She called the driver, so she called it Bao. After arriving in Bos, she liked her very much, but she didn't know why.

Bao Si is always unhappy and unfilial. Win the smile of a beautiful person. Zhou Wang actually accepted the traitor's idea and ordered the bonfire to be lit for military intelligence and emergency warning. As a result, all kinds of princes came with troops, only to see scenes of drinking and having fun. Si really laughed, but two years later, the governors who had been teased about the enemy's projects were reluctant to send troops. Zhou Youwang was killed, Bao Si was captured, and the Western Zhou Dynasty perished. The story of this shoe plank road happened in Zhou's capital of hope, thousands of miles away from the ancient estuary of Baohe River. This shows that since then, Guanzhong and Hanzhong have been connected by roads.

In fact, Xie Baolu's earlier record appeared in a sentence of Huayang Guozhi in modern times. When King Wu attacked Zhou Shuyi, Shoe Bag Road might just be an ordinary mountain road. Later, for military purposes, it gradually evolved into a passable plank road. During the Warring States period, it was recorded that the plank road leads to Shu and Han thousands of miles, and the world guards Qin. However, according to historical records or biographies, Wan Li, a plank road, can do anything. This further shows that the shoe bag road is the only tradition for you to enter Sichuan. After the Qin Dynasty, many roads were added from Guanzhong to Shu, but among all the roads to Shu, only the road with shoes is the most convenient. Fang Xiaowen said that the ancients were very clever.

They were built along the river, along the foreskin and oblique bones, then passed through the five Li Po in Qinling Mountains, and went down the oblique water to Xieyuguan, 235 kilometers away. You can reach Gu Jie along the gentle slope of the valley without crossing the mountains and Qinling Mountains. This is the wisdom of the ancients. Even today, the evil route of Gubao is the best choice to cross the Qinling Mountains. The future road will be built in the direction of the ancient road. For example, we live on 3 16 Road, along the plank road and the shoe bag road in Li Anyun. Houjiangmei Highway was built according to the original site of the shoe bag plank road. The opening of the shoe bag plank road is more advanced than other plank roads. It takes a long time,

About 100 to 200 kilometers. It is precisely because of this geographical factor that shoe routines have always been valued by the imperial courts. During the Eastern Han Dynasty, Emperor Han Ling decided to renovate the paved roads on a large scale and carve them on stone tablets. At that time, officials from eight counties in Guanghan and Shujun were responsible for road construction. The specific structure is 2690 prisoners. A total of 258 plank roads and 623 bridge pavilions were built, including 5 bridges. There are 64 yachts, post stations and cliff-watching buildings in Baozhong County. The shoe plank road in the Han and Tang Dynasties was not only large in scale, but also magnificent. These flying boards meander among the mountains,

Become an ancient national road. Fang Xiaowen explained that this plank road was left by ancient evil ways, and several war holes were left on the Wuguan River. The main body of these war caves is about 90 cm, and their height and width are about 40 cm. It's a square, under it. There is a little Cao Cao. This sink is used to drain water. After the ancient method leveled the beam and column, it was deep. Considering the corrosiveness of water, he drained the water to ensure that the plank road could keep perfect time. And it will take a long time. There are several holes below us. These holes are supported by multi-layer flat beams. Yes, there is a square hole at the bottom.

A square hole about 18 cm. This square hole passes through the line of the flat beam, and then there is a pillar under it with two layers of support. Then knock down the flat beam, both floors are supported, and the top can pass through. Horses and chariots drill holes in the cliff, stand upright in the water, and even need multi-layer support. This is why the ancients were not afraid of difficulties. The plank road is repaired every year, but this expressway has been repaired, and it can't be repaired after it has been repaired. The intersection of the latitudes of the earth is the starting point of our departure. Following the clues provided by nature, we explore with sound. The mysterious brother Bijiang Qiankui will not be locked up unless he accepts our hearts.

Welcome to the world family. I'm Liu Sijia. The two mountains in the ancient mouth of Baohe River are far apart at the bend of thousands of people. Because of the distance of more than ten meters, it is necessary to walk more than ten kilometers of mountain roads. Guo, an archaeologist, said that it is necessary to cross Qipanshan before departure, because this route is from Guanzhong to the Central Plains, including Henan. Some places lead to Daxing and the passage, so this is the throat, and this door is not a local door. This is the only road between the two regions. Where's the throat? In 6 1 year,

Emperor Han Ling ordered the Shimen to be opened. Strangely, when construction started, it was recorded that Shimen was opened two years later, that is, between 63 and 66 AD. As for how long the Shimen has been open, I don't know. I don't think it was completed in a few months or a year. He has to pay more labor, which should be longer, and go back to that just now. Technical problems in construction. The method of pouring water to make a fire sounds simple, but it is not so easy to choose carefully. How to make the rock reach the required temperature? What if the wind is wrong and the firepower is not concentrated? Do you need antique equipment? How long will the fire last before the pump starts?

The ancient method of boiling water machine has finally been verified. So why the food carving in Shimen Cave is so smooth and flat, there is no reasonable explanation at present, because after all, this is only an experiment, which just shows that this method is feasible. As for the specific details of the ancients in the construction, we have no way to research the direction. The article said that after the ancients burned it, the remaining rock mass was like cutting tofu, and we have not achieved that effect yet. Guo Qinghua believes that today's experiment seems to be successful, but what he is burning is that if the surface is deeply broken, then the problem will come out. Where is Yan? Although he is warmer,

But there is still a problem with the return air, so the invisible workload will be greater, and the problem will be more complicated and more difficult. The method of boiling water machine can be said to be a great invention of the ancients. It is said that explosives existed until the Qing Dynasty. We still dig mountains and build roads in this old way. Perhaps the ancients skillfully used this method, but how did they do it? Jin people are not very clear about this either. They may burn with firewood or charcoal, or they may have ancient fans and other equipment. They started with the water cooler, and later found that vinegar was more effective. In short, the specific details may vary according to the specific situation. When we guess,

Can only be used by the ancients. Wisdom to express infinite admiration for the universe. Thank you for listening to A Family of Heaven and Earth today.