What knowledge should students majoring in GIS master?

I really don't know how to answer your question. An article I once read may inspire you:

(A) lay a solid foundation for planning

This paper is only for those GIS students who want to learn GIS development, but they don't know how to get started and where to learn. This article is not a post to discuss whether GIS has a future or not.

Let's talk about my own views on several problems that everyone was confused and I was once confused when I was a student:

1、

Is it too late to start learning programming now?

If the goal is to find a job in GIS development after graduation from senior year, which is worthy of a monthly salary of about 3K, then it is not too late to start working hard from senior year.

2、

What if the school doesn't teach programming?

Whether to teach or not in university means not only one direction, but learning depends on ourselves. Now that we have decided to do GIS development, the direction is already there. What does it matter whether the school teaches or not?

3、

GIS students are not as good at programming as computers, surveying and mapping as surveying and mapping, and geography as learning. Now I start to learn programming, and no matter how hard I try, I can't catch up with the computer. What should I do?

This question is simple. If you can catch up with them by sleeping now, you can sleep completely.

It would be great if you are a sophomore and realize that you plan to do development in the future and start working hard. At this time, most students are still in a confused period, or are still enjoying a happy college life. If you start working hard at this time, you will start earlier than others and naturally have an advantage over others. At this time, schools generally have some computer-related courses, such as computer basics, VB and C. For students who don't want to engage in this industry, it is good to deal with the past, but for students who already have ideas, they should seize the opportunity to learn these courses well. In addition to the homework assigned by the teacher, we should try our best to program, type more codes and learn more things. When learning computer, don't be limited to what the teacher teaches, but broaden your learning scope. Let's talk in detail about how these basic computer courses should broaden their knowledge.

When learning the basics of computer, you should not only be familiar with the basic operations of Word and excel, but also learn advanced applications, such as using Excel to make some beautiful reports, data processing, screening and statistical charts. Do some small applications with VBA, and do some common database management programs with Access, such as student information management system. Don't think that these things don't exist. I went to Zhejiang Geographic Information Center and wrote a computer topic, one of which was related to excel and needed programming and non-programming. I did not succeed. . . awkward

If the school offers a C language course, don't just do a program from 1 to 100. Like the more difficult part of C language, non-computer majors will avoid it in teaching. You can't avoid this time. What part? File reading and writing operations, bit operations, memory operations and pointer operations are all useful things to learn. There are still some data structures that need more understanding, except those familiar bubble sorting algorithms, such as linked list, binary tree and graph. Finally, there is C language to realize these data structures, and you can buy some books on data structures for reference.

If the school offers VB courses, it is necessary to do more small applications. VB is an easy-to-use language. Through a short period of study, you can make decent things, which is a very good tool for learning the secondary development of GIS. The programming difficulty is reduced, so we can focus on how to design and develop the g is function. So when learning VB, if you have heard of MO, try to use it and do some small programs. You can also use VB to write some programs to operate word, excel, cad and so on. These things are nothing but an object model. If you are familiar with its object model, it will be easy to operate. In addition, when programming with VB, some object-oriented programming ideas should be incorporated. Although VB is not an object-oriented language, it also lowers the threshold of learning object-oriented, and tries to write some commonly used functions and algorithms into functions or encapsulated classes. Don't copy code everywhere, the whole program is full of duplicate code and complacency. You can also use VB to try to connect to the database and do some database management programs. You can also make some controls, do some DLLs, and then call them yourself to experience the advantages brought by component programming, and so on. . . These schools don't teach VB classes, but teach themselves.

(B) clear objectives, selective learning

The above-mentioned courses are basically sophomore courses, such as computer basics in universities, VB and C. If you can do all of the above in the second year of high school, you will be a very, very good person. I contributed to war3 in my sophomore year, and I failed several courses, so the chapter on VB learning variables was directly abolished. The exam was a complete surprise, and only a surprise. What did you do in your junior year? When I was a junior, I usually offered various professional courses. To tell the truth, programming is a time-consuming thing. If you have decided to do GIS development after graduation, you can give up some irrelevant professional courses, as long as you pass the exam. Don't spend too much time. Take my schedule as an example. Human geography, land economy and physical geography are all useless classes. Many people pretend to be economic enthusiasts, and their eyes light up when they see courses with economy. Actually, these courses are really boring. If you don't study this geographical economy, you will engage in economy. After reading this cadastral management, you think you can go to the real estate bureau to manage cadastre. They want to learn everything, and as a result, they often learn nothing well. Therefore, the class that should be abandoned must be abandoned and the limited time should be used on the cutting edge. There are other professional courses related to GIS, such as introduction to GIS, remote sensing, GPS, digital image processing, photogrammetry, GIS map design, GIS project management, spatial database principle and application. . . And so on (I just list some according to my own timetable, different schools have different professional backgrounds and specific courses). These courses should be studied by heart. In these courses, you will encounter some problems that need to be solved by programming. Don't be lazy. In addition, at this time you will come into contact with some GIS software, such as cad, arcview, arcgis, mapinfo and so on. . . There are many, but there are two softwares that must be mastered in learning GIS, including its secondary development, and other softwares can be ignored. Needless to say, one is of course arcgis. To be familiar with arcgis desktop, you'd better buy an internship course or something. With data and steps, a book is almost finished. The second software is autocad. The position of this software in GIS and surveying and mapping industry can not be ignored. Needless to say, the power and ease of use of cad is the standard of the first generation data format. The source of GIS data is nothing more than surveying and mapping and remote sensing images. The survey data are basically in dwg format, such as land department and cadastral department, which are full of a lot of original cad data, but the CAD data is flexible. It can't be managed by GIS, and there is a big problem in data quality. Therefore, how to transfer a large number of original cad data to GIS platform is a problem that many ministries and units are solving. If you are proficient in CAD and its secondary development, you can handle these problems easily. Therefore, to learn CAD well, at least one method of secondary development of CAD should be mastered. Lisp, vba, objectARX, lisp and VBA are relatively easy to learn, while objectARX is relatively difficult. You can leave it alone at first, and if you use it in your future work, it's not too late to learn again.

In programming, on the basis of your sophomore year, you should start to understand some object-oriented principles and methods. In addition to VB and C, it is recommended to learn C# and Sqlserver, and understand the basic sql statements and ADO connection database. Otherwise, you are not even as good as a student of Beida Jade Bird (just a coder in the IT industry). These things are not difficult, they have basic programming knowledge and object-oriented knowledge, and they are used quickly, but if you want to learn C++, you have to make great efforts. Hehe, as a GIS student, there is no need to learn C++.

At this time, if there are not many classes at school, or if you think the classes at school are not challenging, you have two choices. One is to practice in a software company, and the other is to participate in a SuperMap or ESRI competition. If you have enough energy, you can do it together. In short, we should be down-to-earth, do something, don't waste time, and don't just study without practice. In order to make progress, we should keep learning in practice. It is never too late for students who are addicted to games to wake up at this time. Sophomore spent in tutoring and games. When I was a junior, I thought I couldn't be a tutor all my life, and then I read an object-oriented book and a book by ASP.NET. At that time, I just swallowed it because I didn't know anything. Then I went to find an internship. After some twists and turns, I found a small IT company and entered the door of the software industry. During the interview, I said everything I could think of in the book. It is estimated that the person who met me was a little devastated. Later, I learned that the person who met me, that is, the vice president of the company, was an alumnus and was ten years older than me.

(C) personal understanding of the secondary development and learning of GIS

Answer a question first. Someone asked why it is not necessary for a GIS student to study C++. Actually, to be exact, I mean that undergraduates who aim at the secondary development of GIS may not learn C++ in their student stage. No matter how many rings C++ has, everyone says that C++ has a bright future and a high salary. However, it must be admitted that C++ is not easy to learn. For computer-related majors, it is understandable that mastering C++ is the goal of graduation struggle. It is difficult for a GIS programmer to learn C++ well and find a job before graduation. This is one of them. One more thing, at present, the secondary development of GIS hardly needs C++. For some small companies that are eager for quick success and instant benefit, you can only speak C++ but not C#, and even refuse you directly, although you have to work much harder than a C# coder. Moreover, there are not many companies doing GIS at the bottom, so it seems that it is still an amateur to study C++ at school and finally graduate, which seems a bit uneconomical. However, if you learn C++ well, IT will have a good prospect in IT fields other than GIS. Basically, the written tests of well-known big companies are C or C++. Of course, language is only the carrier, and the main test is the data structure. If you have the confidence to compete with the computer major and concentrate on technology, you can completely give up GIS, which is definitely better than the secondary development of GIS. However, if you still want to mix in the secondary development of GIS, it is still very useful to use some useful languages and do more tangible things in school. Of course, people who do GIS don't want to be coders all their lives. Even if they do secondary development, they should not focus on programming. They should focus more on understanding the business and accumulating industry experience than just accumulating programming skills. Maybe one day, your role is to hire someone else to complete your idea, instead of focusing on solving a bug in a program every day, because a code can't pass, forgetting to eat and sleep.

Because I am doing C++ now, if I learn from each other, I can provide a general learning route and books.

The learning route is basically: C-> C++ ->Windows programming->; Class library of MS-VisualC++ (abbreviation of Microsoft Foundation Class)

Books at different stages:

C doesn't matter, just what the school teaches, or that book by Tan Haoqiang.

C++ recommends C++ elementary and high-quality C++ programming.

Windows programming, there is a book called Windows programming. I can't read it, but I know this book is very good.

MFC, Sun Xin's VC explained in detail, and Hou Jie's in-depth explanation of MFC. I can't stand it. It is also a very good book.

Anyway, I think my C++ sucks, and the more I learn, the worse I get. Sorry, it's very painful to do C++ now. Of course, there are many strong people, but I'm sorry.

Get to the point, how to treat the secondary development of GIS? To tell the truth, I never used MO+VB for the secondary development of GIS during my college years. It is difficult to use arcgis at work now, let alone engines and servers. But don't take the secondary development of GIS too seriously, or think that arcengine can have an advantage over people who study computers. If you do the secondary development of GIS with a computer major student who has never heard of GIS, your advantage is only 1 month. He needs to ask you how to configure the environment and how to get started, but after this stage, you will know and he will know. The secondary development of GIS is nothing more than component programming, which is not essentially different from the secondary development of excel and cad. Component programming will only make programming simpler, not more complicated, and will reduce the difficulty of computer majors. And your disadvantages in programming will soon be highlighted. So I think the study of GIS secondary development should not be limited to learning arcengine or something. First of all, learn the database well, lay a good foundation for programming, thoroughly understand object-oriented and be familiar with arcgis desktop software. Then, learn secondary development, practice while learning, participate in competitions, or do projects or something. Many people just copied some examples mechanically from the beginning, and it seems that they have also made some useless things, which is difficult to go deep. In short, learning arcengine is based on programming, not learning programming based on arcengine.

Let's talk about the study of secondary development in detail. Because I don't do much, just tell me what I know. I certainly don't know everything. You can add something.

Now I am doing the secondary development of GIS, and the basic direction is desktop GIS, webGIS and mobile GIS. By the way, 3DGIS feels like the bottom.

1) The language C# is undoubtedly the best choice for the secondary development of desktop GIS. It feels like a lot of people are doing this. Personally, I think we should learn in this area: C#, SQLServer, network programming, database programming, and finally learn AO and AE.

2) webgis: this is very popular recently, with a lot of content, which can be deep or shallow. I think if you want to do webGIS, you must first be familiar with the Web. You can wait until you graduate to learn arcgis server. As long as you can do websites and have project experience, you can definitely find a job. But you must not think that you have learned arcgis server. People ask you that you know nothing about css and are at a loss about javascript. Nobody wants to go out like this. Some people learn ASP.NET from the beginning and start using arcgis server directly at the same time, as if dragging and dropping controls and changing properties are no different from desktop software development. Although Asp.net is a beginner, I don't think it is the best language for learning the Internet. It hides many details of the web, which is very bad for beginners. I suggest learning the web first, starting with html, css and javascript. After learning these well, you can make some simple pages, write some scripts, understand some web principles and standards, and then choose a background language to learn. It's best to practice web in some companies. In just two months, your level will soar, because companies that do web work overtime are very hard, and the web itself is not difficult, and it is very fast with someone. I think it will be much better to do webgis after I can do some simple websites.

3) Mobile GIS: This seems quite popular at present, but I feel that the difference between mobile GIS and desktop GIS may not be too big for developers, because the platform of mobile GIS is basically on wm system, and the development on wm system has many similarities with the development of windows, but resources in all aspects have become scarce. I feel that the key to being a mobile platform is data transmission and wireless communication. Mobile GIS is also mainly associated with navigation and GPS positioning. So, to be a mobile platform, I think the key points to pay attention to are:

Communication and data transmission. Such as bluetooth, GPRS, socket programming, webservice, etc.

GPS positioning. The principle of GPS and the interface between wm system and GPS.

You can learn more about specific applications such as navigation and real-time road conditions, and it is best to do some related projects.

The last 3DGIS, which I don't know very well, is basic development. To master C++ and C, opengl is necessary. Three-dimensional graphics algorithm and data structure should also be studied more.

(4) About finding a job ....

1, looking for preparation before work.

It is said that it is difficult for GIS majors to find jobs. I think it is not difficult to find a job, but I can't find a good job. Wages are generally low. There is nothing I can do about it. Now I feel that companies that do GIS can't find the remaining jobs in computer science, because people learn computers and can program, while many GIS students can't program. The key is that they don't like programming and even despise it. Training arcgis and arcengine is obviously much more efficient than training you to program. What's more, programming can't be compiled, and it is impossible to understand these secondary development components better.

For GIS major, my suggestion is to use my senior year to find an internship in programming and make targeted preparations. As long as it's not computer-connected, I will spend some time making targeted preparations, and I can usually find it, and of course I will rely on some luck. But maybe the company you are looking for is terrible, working overtime every day and giving less money. It doesn't matter, it's just a transition, so you don't have to go through this terrible company when you graduate and look for a job. Therefore, even if you don't get paid, you should devote yourself wholeheartedly. It doesn't matter whether it has anything to do with GIS. In this way, when you are looking for a job, you will have some programming experience, which will be of great help whether it is an interview or a written test.

If you really can't find an internship, some schools may not be in such a big city as Shanghai and Beijing, and it is not easy to find an internship in software, so you can only try to do some programming projects at school. Like course design and graduation design, if you want to have fun, you can pass, but you can still learn a lot if you want to do well. But this kind of study is less stressful, no one takes it, and the effect is not good, especially for people with poor self-control. If you can't find a project in school, it's good to find a book to make an example in, even if you type the code into the book to get through. In short, write some code before looking for a job, instead of dragging the controls. GIS students can easily grasp this problem. Don't bring it here, drag it, show it, ok, got it. AE install it, drag it, show it, ok, learn again. Server and mobile are all routines, and you learned everything in arcgis in one week. You can't worship a software or website that can display maps without dragging these controls. In fact, you know very well how much work you have to do and how much you will get. If your study of GIS development ends here, you can't blame it for finding a job.

2. Ways to find a job

With goods in your stomach, it is much easier to find a job again. It is also important to know how to find a job. Many students are waiting for jobs to find themselves. If you are in a famous GIS school like Wuhan University, congratulations, you can really wait for a job to find you. If not, take the initiative to find a job.

1) job fair. For GIS majors, there is no counterpart for ordinary job fairs. So try to squeeze into those schools with good GIS majors, or like some GIS special job fairs. Don't waste your time on general job fairs.

2) Net investment. Professional forums, fresh graduates, BBS of our school, etc. These websites should be visited every day. By the way, there is also the csdn forum, and occasionally there are some programmers who recruit GIS development. You should also check it often. Vote when you see the right one. When I say appropriate, I don't mean that you can meet his requirements. In that case, there is nothing to invest. But it can meet your requirements, as long as you can meet a small part of it, you can vote. Don't waste your time on websites like 5 1job, ChinaHR. com, which is tantamount to throwing stones into the water. Besides looking at job advertisements, you can also collect GIS companies and vote on the company website.

3) Teachers, seniors, family members, classmates, friends, and even friends from the same industry who met online. Not only should you make use of all the relationships you can find, but you should also try to find potential people who may help you find a job. It is often better to find a job like this than to bump into it yourself.

3. resume.

1) Be sure to keep it within one page and modify your resume according to the recruitment requirements. You can write whatever he wants you to know. He doesn't want it. If you think the company will be interested, you can also write it down. But don't digress from Wan Li. For example, if you apply for a programmer, don't write that you are proficient in office, you can install a computer, you can photoshop, and so on.

2) The most conspicuous part of your resume, that is, the upper-middle part of a piece of paper, should write the most useful things, such as your skills and project experience, relevant awards, etc. What self-introduction, hobbies, employment declaration and so on are put behind to fill in the words. Don't write about being a class Committee cadre.

3) If you are applying for a state-owned enterprise or institution, if you are applying for party member, write it down. No, forget it. Whether you are party member or not, you don't have to write about private enterprises and foreign enterprises.

4) Exaggerate your own level appropriately, but be sure to stand the challenge. Imagine yourself as an interviewer, with a resume, what will you ask, and then see if you can answer.

5) Make a PPT report of your own projects and works. Sometimes it is used. You can also attach it to your resume. Don't pack it with your resume into a compressed package and upload it separately, so when others just want to read your resume, they don't need to download PPT, because PPT is very large, and the network speed may not be good.

6) If you are not investing in a foreign company and don't require an English resume, don't use an English resume.

4. Written test, computer and interview.

The company's recruitment and selection processes are roughly these. Interview only, interview immediately after the written test, and interview will be notified separately after the written test is screened.

Generally speaking, small companies don't take the written test, but talk directly when they go. This situation depends on your resume. Be familiar with your resume before the interview, and your writing skills are relatively unfamiliar. Take time to look at it before the interview, swallow it and get familiar with it, and then you can say it. What is written on the resume, reviewing the whole process, what knowledge was used, what things were done, what functions were realized, how to achieve them, and so on. When interviewing, try to talk about what you are familiar with and avoid what you are unfamiliar with. Small companies can talk nonsense during the interview and talk about topics that have nothing to do with the interview. Talk about the company's development prospects, what products to make, and talk about your hobbies. Don't be too serious unless the person facing you is serious.

What will GIS companies do in written or computer examination? In programming, I can only provide C++ written test experience, and I haven't done much in other aspects. C++ is generally the high-quality C/C++ programming in Rui Lin. When the book is ripe, you can basically pass the C++ written test. Professionally, since you are a GIS major, of course, you have to take the test center for things other than computers. Generally speaking, a bigger company or a better organization will put basic skills, some basic GIS algorithms and principles, typical, polyline buffer generation, polygon area calculation, coordinate transformation and so on. Small companies generally test specific skills, such as C# and AE, database, etc. You will also encounter some algorithmic literacy problems, such as bubble sorting, search, and string processing algorithms.

Another interview method is to report directly, bring your own computer and demonstrate the projects you have done. Like this, you'd better make a PPT and run your program when necessary. As I said before, only choose the most important lectures and control the time, usually 5 minutes to 10 minutes. Pay attention to the interviewer's expression when giving a lecture. He can talk more if he is interested, and skip as soon as possible if he is not interested.