The history of bamboo flute

From the newly born mouthpiece flute (also known as Yu Dizi) in 197 1 to the bone flute and bone flute unearthed in Hemudu, Zhejiang Province in 1977, people are surprised to find that there is such similarity between them, but this similarity has gone through more than 7,000 years. The evolution and development of the flute in the course of more than 7,000 years can't help but amaze the world: China's bamboo flute art is so magnificent and colorful, and literati in past dynasties have written countless wonderful poems for it: "Dancing in the valley, weeping for an orphan girl, prompting Du Gongbu to suddenly break his heart and making Yu Chenglong's temples frost.

In recent years, with the discovery of archaeology in China, firstly, the bone whistle and bone flute 7,000 years ago crossed harmoniously in Zhejiang; Seven-hole transverse brass flutes collected by overseas Chinese in the United States during the Warring States period; Two flutes blown horizontally in the tomb of Zeng Houyi in the early Warring States period unearthed in Suixian County, Hubei Province; Two flutes in Mawangdui No.3 Han Tomb (AD 168) in Changsha, Hunan; In the No.1 Tomb of Luobowan in Gui County, Guangxi (early Han Dynasty), there is a piece of seven flutes placed horizontally according to the sound hole, which is made of two pieces of bamboo. Although these cultural relics are Feng Maojiao's, they are all powerful witnesses of the originator of bamboo flute in China, thus overthrowing the statement recorded in the original historical materials that Zhang Qian introduced the flute to China when he went to the Western Regions in the Western Han Dynasty.

The types and names of bamboo flutes in China are extremely colorful. For example, in its shape and name, it is decorated with dragons: "leading flute"; The musician crossed his hands in front of the emperor, made a surrender gesture and began to play: fork flute; In the name of size, a flute as big as a bamboo is called "foot eight". When it was introduced to Japan in the Tang Dynasty, it was still called shakuhachi, and the flute commonly used in southern Fujian was shakuhachi. Take the allusion as an example: Cai Yong, a musician in the Han Dynasty, dismantled the 16th bamboo flute of "Gu Ting" with beautiful timbre, and later generations praised it as "Gu Ting flute". According to historical records, Wu Zixu once played the flute and begged for food in Wuzhong, and later he was called "Zi Xiao Xu". Named after materials, such as bronze flute, iron flute, Yu Di, eagle flute and ape-arm flute; The place names are as follows: "Di Jiang" in Di Jiang, Sichuan, and "Cave Land" of Dong people in Guangxi; Such as "Qu" in Kunqu Opera, "Bangdi" in Bangzi Opera, "Diya" in Elegant Music, "Nengdi" in Lele and so on. Because China is rich in folk music, we can't do it overnight here.

China's flute has strong national characteristics, and its pronunciation is touching and beautiful. The ancients called it "the sound of purity", so the original name of the flute was "purity". Japan still retains the "body-cleaning flute", which later evolved into today's flute. Di Zi is an important melody instrument in Chinese national bands, which is mostly used for solo and ensemble. Di Zi is actually a general term for musical instruments. According to the classification of pitch, Di Zi can generally be divided into Qu Di (relatively long body, low pitch, mellow tone, mostly distributed in southern China), Bangdi (relatively short body, high pitch, clear tone, mostly used in various operas in northern China) and Zhongdi (between Qu Di and Bangdi in appearance and pronunciation characteristics).

In the prosperous Tang Dynasty, bamboo flute flourished, with rich flute music and talented people. With the popularity of song and dance music and Daqu in the Tang Dynasty, many famous performers appeared, such as Li Mu, Sun, You Chengen, and other magic flute players. During the Han and Jin Dynasties, artists such as Ma Rong, Cai Yong, Yin Huan and Lv Zhu included Wu Xi Shen, Falling Plums, Three Lanes of Plum Blossoms, Ziyunhui and Yunzhou Qu. It's a pity that many flute songs have not been handed down in the past dynasties, so now playing the plum blossom three lanes, that is, the flute of the Jin Dynasty, can only be played from the ancient piano score.

Rolling rivers, rolling Yangtze River. Since 1950s, bamboo flutes in China have been excavated again, and they are even more brilliant. Feng Zicun and Liu Guanle in the north, Zhao Songting and Lu Chunling in the south, as representatives, all created and adapted a lot of flute music with profound folk music skills, which laid the foundation for the development of flute music and flute art in the following decades and made indelible contributions in the history of flute development.

The waves behind the Yangtze River push forward the waves, and talents came forth in large numbers in the sixties and seventies. No matter from the playing technique or the repertoire, it is an outstanding innovative work, which pushes the flute art to a new height and gradually gets rid of the concept of the distinction between North and South. The content of music, from emphasizing local style to pursuing artistic conception painting, has widely absorbed other artistic varieties and techniques of sister instruments, greatly enriching the expressive force of the flute itself. 199 1 year, Zhu Jianer's chamber symphony No.4 for bamboo flute and 22 kinds of stringed instruments won the Queen Marie José International Symphony Competition, which was praised as "having such a beautiful voice and irreplaceable nationality" abroad, which shows that China bamboo flute.

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