How to reduce the casualties of fire officers and soldiers has become an urgent problem.

In the first three months of 20 13 years, five casualties occurred due to fire fighting and emergency rescue accidents, resulting in five casualties and 10 injured. On March 13, the Fire Department of the Ministry of Public Security issued the Notice on Improving and Strengthening the Fire Fighting and Rescue Safety of Public Security Fire Brigade, which further standardized the fire brigade in terms of learning, training, safety and discipline. It has become an urgent problem for grass-roots fire forces to comprehensively summarize and discuss the safety management countermeasures of combat training and how to reduce the casualties of officers and men in combat training.

First, objective factors: the fire fighting and rescue site is complex.

On February 25th, 20 13, a fire broke out in a residential building in Chenbu Village, Wuyang Town, Ruijin City, Jiangxi Province. Firefighter Wang Chao's squadron went to the scene for rescue. The burning houses are all adobe wooden structures, and there are 45 houses around them, which is easy to form a "burning camp".

Suddenly, the fire will spread to the east of the nearest house. The commander decisively ordered the soldier Long Zongbao to enter the patio of the burning building with a water gun to put out the fire. Originally, Wang Chao, who was only responsible for taking photos and videos, took the initiative to serve as the No.2 member and charged the fire. At this time, the brick wall on the east side of the burning building collapsed. "Get out of the way!" Wang Chao, who stood in the front, exclaimed, turned and pushed away his comrade-in-arms Long Zongbao, but he was instantly buried in the collapsed adobe.

The instantaneous collapse of buildings is only one of the main causes of firefighters' casualties. Fire fighting and rescue is hard work and work. The scene of fire fighting and rescue is extremely complicated, and unpredictable events and disasters often occur, resulting in injuries and even deaths of fire officers and soldiers. In fire fighting and rescue, objective factors, such as the instantaneous collapse of buildings, sudden flashover and self-explosion of fire sites, and hypoxia caused by high concentration of toxic gases, have become the main causes of casualties of fire officers and soldiers.

"With the rapid development of economic construction in China, fires and other disasters and accidents are on the rise. As the main force of fire fighting and rescue, the public security fire brigade is facing many new situations and problems, such as the expansion of city scale, the increase of high-rise buildings, high-rise building fires, underground engineering fires, petrochemical fires and so on. These are all worldwide problems, which are very difficult and dangerous. " The relevant person in charge of the fire department of the Ministry of Public Security said.

On March 20 this year, Quan Zhanrong, a cadre of Suzhou Fire Brigade, unfortunately slipped into the hand-washing pool while carrying out fire fighting and rescue, and was instantly submerged by hot paraffin solution, making a heroic sacrifice; On March 9, Yang Jun, a cadre of the fire squadron in Yuanping City, Shanxi Province, sacrificed heroically to cover the retreat of his comrades in the process of extinguishing the mountain fire; On June 65438+1 October1day, Yin and Chen Wei, cadres of Hangzhou Fire Brigade, went deep into the fire to carry out fire fighting and rescue and died unfortunately. ...

Complex traffic conditions have also become the cause of casualties among officers and men. On February 10, Zheng Qiang, a former soldier of Baoshan Fire Brigade, Yunnan Province, lost control of the fire truck and rolled over on the way to put out the fire. Zheng Qiang died heroically to protect his comrades. On February 2, Luo Jianjun, the former soldier of Shaanxi Baoji Fire Brigade, was on his way to the rescue. In order to avoid pedestrians crossing the road and protect their comrades-in-arms, the vehicle ran out of control and rolled over and was seriously injured, and unfortunately died. ...

Second, subjective factors: unfamiliar with the rules, blind attack.

Do not attach importance to the role of protective equipment ideologically and psychologically. Some grass-roots commanders and fighters are afraid of damaging equipment after training, such as fire-fighting communication equipment, so they put it on the shelf and don't often organize learning, familiarity and operation, so people and equipment can't reach the best combat effectiveness combination. Some commanders and combatants are reckless, brave and fearless in fire fighting, think they are experienced, unwilling and not good at using personal protective equipment or using it improperly, resulting in unnecessary casualties.

Failure to master the principles of equipment maintenance, maintenance and use, failure to implement the management system for the use of protective equipment equipped with firefighters, and blind use of equipment at fire fighting and rescue sites often lead to casualties of firefighters.

Do not master the requirements and standards of safety protection places. Due to the lack of systematic business training at ordinary times, I have all kinds of safety protection knowledge about climbing, broken doors and windows, gas leakage and other fire fighting and rescue sites. Insufficient, resulting in accidents such as combatants falling and poisoning. A squadron was scalded by high-temperature oil that suddenly splashed when checking the fire when dealing with the fire of high-temperature and high-heat oil-fired boiler. When a squadron was dealing with the leakage of chlorine residual liquid bottle, the squadron commander mistakenly thought that the leakage was small and did not wear a hose laid 50 meters downwind of air respirator to organize rescue. After the battle, three officers and men suffered from slight poisoning symptoms such as dizziness and vomiting.

Many grass-roots commanders themselves have no fire fighting experience. When they arrive at the scene, they often can't clearly detect whether there is power failure, whether there are dangerous chemicals, whether there is explosion danger and so on. They took a quick look at the general situation of the fire and disaster, and then rushed to deploy troops to organize the attack. At the same time, the deployment method of combat attack is influenced by the previous deployment method of fire fighting, and there are misunderstandings in thinking.

Equipment+system to ensure the safety of officers and men

"Perfect equipment and systems are an important guarantee for the safety of officers and men in fire fighting and rescue." The relevant person in charge of the Fire Department of the Ministry of Public Security said that in recent years, the state finance and local governments have jointly invested more than 4 billion yuan to build a comprehensive fire information system including the fire fighting and rescue command system. At present, there are more than 27,000 fire fighting and emergency rescue vehicles and 4.24 million pieces (sets) of special equipment such as protection, detection, lifesaving and demolition. Among them, concrete hydraulic demolition tool set, radar life detector and rock drill increased by 14 1 time,1time and 7 times respectively compared with 2008.

Zhejiang: Grasping the Initiative with "Information Lighthouse"

20 13 65438+ 10 1 A fire broke out in Hangzhou Youcheng Machinery Co., Ltd., Guali Town, Xiaoshan District, Hangzhou, killing three fire officers and soldiers. Looking back on the past fires, it is true that complete personal protective equipment can achieve safe fire fighting to a certain extent, but armed with advanced equipment with high technology content and the best combination of people and equipment can truly form combat effectiveness.

When there is a fire or distress, when people call for help, they hope that rescuers will appear in the fire immediately like Superman. Firefighters don't want to arrive a minute early, but there are too many uncontrollable factors in reality. For example, the local dialect in Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province is very miscellaneous. In the daily process of receiving police, people who don't understand or hear the policeman's statement often bother the police. In mid-July, the national police geographic information application promotion site meeting held in Wenzhou just solved this problem.

Suppose a fire broke out somewhere in Wenzhou, and the reporter dialed 1 19, and the geographic information system had located the alarm phone. After successful positioning, it will display relevant information such as fire water sources and key fire safety units within 500 meters of the fire site, and also calculate the fire squadron with the shortest attendance time nearby.

This alarm platform also has a multimedia message function-after the alarm is over, the alarm person can send the scene picture to the alarm system through the multimedia message of the mobile phone, so that the police officers can grasp the scene situation.

Through road monitoring, traffic flow monitoring and other equipment, the command center can not only understand the dynamics of police cars, but also view and master the disaster situation on the spot in real time.

This is especially important for a global commander-because he can directly command scheduling through this map.

Advanced equipment effectively makes up for the shortcomings of officers and men's safety awareness in combat training, such as "strong and weak, strong and weak, old and strong and weak". As long as you click the mouse, you can understand the situation on the spot and master the initiative of fire fighting and rescue.

In recent years, a large number of information equipment has armed the Zhejiang Fire Corps and become the right-hand man for fire fighting and rescue, which has changed the "blind and deaf" situation of running by legs, shouting by mouth and waving by hands in the past, and enabled fire officers and soldiers to protect their own safety in the battle of "the enemy advances and I retreat, and the enemy retreats and I advance".

Jiangxi: Building a "frontline command" to enhance combat effectiveness

In recent years, Jiangxi Provincial Fire Corps insisted on improving quality, standardizing operation and implementing the system, and constantly accelerated the process of standardization, scientificization and institutionalization of detachment party committees, further enhancing the leading core role of the "frontline command". A solid "frontline command" has played a key role in fire fighting and rescue.

"To establish a learning party organization, we must integrate theory with practice, test it in practice, and test it with practice." The person in charge of the Jiangxi Provincial Fire Corps said. Jiangxi Corps has established a specific responsibility system for the major tasks of the members of the party committees of the corps and detachments, and insisted on tempering the team in major tasks and activities. In the rescue of Fuzhou's broken levee and Dongxiang train derailment, 65 members of the detachment bravely rushed to the front and set an example, leading officers and men to rescue and evacuate more than 48,000 people, giving full play to the exemplary leading role of leading cadres. Scientific and effective command also effectively ensures the personal safety of officers and men on site. The Jiangxi Corps has also enriched the command standby force beyond 8 hours. It is clear that the chief officers of each detachment, brigade and squadron are the first responsible persons in the safety work of their own units, and adhere to the principles of "who leads, who is responsible", "who directs, who is responsible", "who manages, who implements" and "who makes mistakes, who is responsible".

In order to ensure the implementation of the system unchanged, Jiangxi Corps took measures such as reporting the plan to the detachment party committee at the beginning of the month, sampling the video of the corps, announcing the situation at the end of the month, and regularly sending members of the corps party committee to participate in democratic life meetings of detachment-level units to supervise and inspect the standardization construction of the party committee. At the same time, the selection mechanism of "good team", "a pair of good officials" and outstanding leading cadres has been established and improved, the proportion of evaluation scores in the team has been expanded, and the "one-vote veto" system for selecting good teams with the satisfaction rate of unity and clean government evaluation below 90% has been implemented, which has effectively promoted the implementation of rules and regulations and promoted the standardized operation of the team.

Guarding security starts with "heart"

As a qualified fire commander, he should have the ability to deal with various special situations and emergencies. In this way, people's subjective initiative can be effectively exerted in the process of fire fighting and rescue, and the favorable opportunity can be seized to minimize casualties and property losses, thus winning the final battle victory. Excellent fire fighters should have the psychological quality of "Mount Tai collapses in front without changing color".

The safety of fire fighting and rescue operations is the primary task of the fire brigade. However, in safety work, it is not enough to only have well-intentioned exhortations and eye-catching slogans. Only by starting from the "mind" and paying attention to the mental health of officers and men can the safety work be implemented.

Yangzhou: Building a Psychological Barrier for Officers and Soldiers

According to the questionnaire survey of Yangzhou Fire Brigade in Jiangsu Province, all the officers and men participating in the training think that their collective cohesion has been greatly improved, and 92% of the officers and men think that their psychological pressure has been alleviated, which generally reflects that the status quo of depression, lack of progress and muddleheaded has been significantly improved.

In view of the lack of psychological counselors and psychological backbone in the army, Yangzhou detachment signed an agreement with Yangzhou University and Wutaishan Hospital to hire six local psychologists to participate in the mental health service of the detachment. In the past 1 year, * * * invited local experts to hold video lectures for the backbone of psychology for 3 times 16 class hours. In the activity of "psychological service at the grass-roots level", psychologists and detachment counselors organized more than 10 special consultations.

At the beginning of this year, Yangzhou detachment invested more than 80,000 yuan to build a psychological consultation room in the development zone brigade, equipped with musical massage chairs, graffiti walls, vent boards and other facilities to solve problems for officers and men in time.

Altay: "Add, subtract, multiply and divide" for training.

In view of the differences in social experience, cultural level and personality characteristics of current fire officers and soldiers, in order to ensure the ideological stability of fire officers and soldiers and prevent safety accidents, Xinjiang Altay Fire Brigade adopts the method of "addition, subtraction, multiplication and division" to do a good job in ideological and political work of officers and soldiers.

"Strengthen" political education and firmly grasp the lifeline of political work. By organizing watching TV news, reading newspapers and studying and discussing, all officers and men can further understand the country's major policies and policies, and constantly improve the political awareness, overall situation awareness and responsibility awareness of recruits.

"Reduce" less psychological pressure and ensure mental health. Through regular telephone contact and colorful police camp cultural activities, psychological pressure can be relieved and the initiative and consciousness of training can be effectively enhanced. Carry out extensive heart-to-heart talks, give full play to the role of psychological counseling, monitor the backbone to understand the changes in thoughts, emotions and psychology in a timely manner, pay attention to observation and analysis, and do a good job in psychological work.

"Take advantage of the Red Gate Cinema" to create a strong cultural atmosphere of police camp. Give full play to the role of Red Gate Cinema, regularly broadcast a patriotic education blockbuster every week, and let all officers and men deeply understand the responsibilities and missions of soldiers through three-dimensional education, inherit and carry forward the heroic and tenacious style of revolutionary martyrs, stimulate the enthusiasm for hard training, and actively create a strong cultural atmosphere of police camp.

"Eliminate" potential safety hazards and put an end to all kinds of safety accidents. Conduct weekly safety situation analysis and hold regular safety work analysis meetings. Before each drill, before and after going out to the police, it is necessary to check the fire fighting duty equipment, training equipment and training venues, and carry out warm-up activities before physical training as required.

How to carry out fire fighting and rescue safely and effectively

Strengthen safety education in combat training, and enhance the safety awareness and psychological defense of officers and men. Regularly organize and study the fire-fighting and rescue accident reports, war cases and video materials of the national fire-fighting and rescue forces over the years, carry out various forms of safety education such as war training lectures, safety lectures and case discussions, guide personnel at all levels to sum up good experiences and practices, draw lessons from accidents, establish officers and soldiers' safety awareness, resolutely overcome paralysis, strictly implement safety protection measures in fire-fighting and rescue, and form a good atmosphere of "always doing everything" and "stressing safety and learning"

Establish a systematic training mechanism for grass-roots commanders to improve their command ability in the first battle. On the basis of fully investigating the content of the absence of grass-roots commanders, we should organize various forms of training and organize the backbone of combat training business to completely solve the problem of restricting the improvement of the command ability of grass-roots commanders through training courses, lectures, seminars and symposiums. By establishing the bottom line of training and assessment, we can improve the command ability of grass-roots commanders in the first battle, thus effectively extinguishing the initial fire and reducing the occurrence of casualties.

Practice of standardizing the use rules of safety protection and improving the principles of equipment design, maintenance and application. At present, the situation at the disaster site is complex and the fighting conditions are harsh. Without good equipment, it is difficult to achieve personal protection, let alone complete the rescue mission. Fire forces at all levels should abandon the old concept of using safety protection equipment and establish a new protection system that adapts to modern conditions. Grass-roots units should sum up protection experience and good practices according to the types of disasters and the actual situation on site, and form a set of rules for the use of safety protection with the jurisdiction as the combat unit. The squadron on duty should carry out practical application training and performance test of protective equipment such as air respirator, oxygen respirator and call for help, and master the operating performance of different models and brands of air (oxygen) respirators under different operating intensities. It is necessary to organize drivers to carry out adaptive training such as emergency dispatch, road driving, parking and water absorption under heavy conditions of fire-fighting vehicles, so as to improve the ability of safe driving and emergency avoidance. Ensure that officers and men understand the principle, know how to operate and use it, and put an end to casualties caused by equipment failures and operational errors.

Strictly implement on-site discipline and implement on-site safety responsibilities. Establish a "who commands, who is responsible" safety responsibility system, make it clear that the military and political chief is the first person responsible for the safety work of the unit, and implement a one-vote veto on the unit or individual who violates the discipline of fire fighting and rescue site and is in danger, which is not included in the scope of appraising and rewarding meritorious service. For casualties caused by improper organization, command or disposal, we must strictly enforce the discipline of fire fighting and emergency rescue, and seriously investigate the responsibilities of relevant personnel and leaders.