What is the working status of autistic groups?

According to the data calculated in "Report II on the Development of Autism Education and Rehabilitation Industry in China" published by Cai Wu Deer Children's Behavior Correction Center and Beijing Chaoyang Disabled Persons' Federation in 20 17, the number of autistic children in China has exceeded100000, and the number of autistic children aged 0- 14 may exceed 2 million. So, where have millions of adult autistic people gone?

The newspaper (www.thepaper.cn) found that due to the lack of vocational training, employment and foster care support, most adult autistic patients can only be "kept in captivity" at home or in mental hospitals. A few public welfare organizations provide a small number of jobs for some autistic people, and there are very few autistic people who are actually employed. It is still difficult for "star children" to integrate into the world as adults.

In the interview of the paper, many practitioners who care about autistic groups call for the establishment of rehabilitation education institutions and social integration places such as maintenance, employment, medical care and old-age care; Improve the vocational skills education and employment security system for autistic patients; Increase government subsidies for people with autism; Establish a professional social worker team for autism; Provide long-term psychological breathing service and decompression counseling training for parents, relatives and colleagues of autistic patients.

Laundry in Changchun and coffee shop in Nanjing

At 8 o'clock in the morning, Tuo Vortel Disabled Laundry Factory, located in Changchun Automobile Industry Development Zone, Jilin Province, was ready to open, and a new day began. The clerk first sorts the towels and sheets newly delivered to the store in the morning, then puts them into the washing machine, and then folds and irons the towels washed the day before.

Among the shop assistants, there are 2 1 person with autism and 5 ordinary employees. Autistic employees are mainly responsible for sorting, folding towels, sorting sheets and quilts, while receiving customers, inspecting factories and distributing them are mainly done by ordinary employees.

This laundry is not profitable. Supported by Changchun Yulong Language Rehabilitation Training School for Special Children, 2065438+June 2007. Long-term recruitment of autistic patients with mild illness and no tendency to violence is part-time. According to the legal representative of the laundry, the store will arrange jobs with appropriate difficulty according to the specific situation of the clerk, working for 3-5 hours a day, with a monthly salary ranging from 500 yuan to 3,000 yuan. Local autistic employees are accompanied to work by their families, and foreign employees are provided with accommodation by the store.

Shang Yulong said that about five years ago, with the autistic people who began to receive intervention around 2000 reaching working age, the special education industry in Changchun area was trying to provide car washing, handmade soap, baking, beading and weaving Chinese knots for older autistic people, but many attempts were not satisfactory.

The working environment and care mode required by autistic people with physical disabilities are different from those with physical disabilities, and most of the traditional employment projects for the disabled are not suitable for autistic people.

In order to find a job suitable for autistic people, Shang Yulong, who has been in contact with this autistic group for more than ten years, and the employer have made many investigations and screenings to determine the laundry industry. "First, it must be safe, second, it must make money, at least to solve the problem of food and clothing, third, it is best to simply repeat, and fourth, it must be universal and all kinds of autistic people can adapt."

Loneliness and loneliness, inability to establish normal contact with others, lack of communication skills with others, and language communication barriers are common manifestations of autistic patients.

There have been several accidents in the store in the past two years. Shang Yulong said that not long after the store was opened, several shop assistants, out of curiosity, put their hands into the rollers of the running conveyor belt. Fortunately, there was no electricity or high temperature under the machine. There is also a salesgirl in her thirties who beat people three times and had no choice but to quit.

In order to help autistic employees exercise their social and self-care abilities, the laundry makes a teaching plan every year, and often invites professional special education teachers to start training for free, including life skills, social rules cognition and so on. Specifically, it includes how to spend money, bargain, take the bus, look at the watch, arrange time and so on.

At present, the autistic employees in toffler Laundry are between 19 and 43 years old, and have never taken part in formal work before. To Shang Yulong's surprise, most autistic employees have changed well through work and training intervention.

"When I came, the staff didn't have many languages and had a certain understanding ability, but they were withdrawn, avoided others, lacked social functions and had poor self-care ability. Now they can bathe themselves, clean up, make their beds and start communicating with strangers. Say hello and talk. Best of all, there are emotions and emotions. " Shang Yulong said.

In terms of openness, a shop named Le Plaza Public Coffee on Jiangdong North Road in Nanjing has gone further. This shop sells both coffee and bookstores, and often holds public welfare activities. Shop assistants are also made up of special groups. The manager is a down syndrome patient, and two baristas are autistic. From making coffee to greeting guests, employees with autism have more opportunities to communicate with customers.

Jiang Yi, head of Nanjing Leping Square Public Welfare Development Center and Nanjing Lohas Public Welfare Development Center, said that this will not only help this group to exercise their social skills at work and improve the possibility of self-reliance, but also help the public to understand and accept people with autism and give their love.

"There is still a bridge to cross."

The Report on the Employment Situation of Older Autistic Youth released by "Wisdom House" of Beihua University on 20 16 pointed out that due to the lack of social service system, few preferential policies for older autistic groups and insufficient funds, adolescents and adult autistic groups have been troubled by vocational education, supportive employment and old-age placement, and employment services, employment assistance and rehabilitation subsidies are difficult to implement, while older autistic patients have high employment costs and few jobs.

Xin Wang, deputy to the National People's Congress and president of the Rehabilitation Center for Autistic Children in Xingzhi Road, Inner Mongolia, told this reporter that the current employment types of autistic people can be mainly divided into sheltered employment similar to the above-mentioned laundries and cafes and proportional employment with ordinary people.

However, it is not easy for autistic people to be truly satisfied in ordinary social posts.

27% of autistic people have a job that other autistic children envy. From 20 17 to 10, one day every weekend, Yuanyuan works in a beauty salon in Shanghai, first playing the piano in the hall, and then playing saxophone in the studio. Now, her job has become to classify materials into file bags and number them.

Yuanyuan's mother said that when children grow up, they also have the need for interpersonal communication, so they cherish job opportunities. "He is also eager to live like a normal person. I will always be proud to say that I am a social person. Although he doesn't talk much, he also likes to go to crowded places and likes this kind of excitement. "

Yuan Yuan's IQ is over 90, and he is very sensitive to numbers. In order to have a job, he taught himself pinyin typing and got the primary certificate of computer office automation.

Now, Yuanyuan can go to work alone, and she can leisurely take out her mobile phone and scan the code into the subway station. He signs a labor contract with the beauty salon every year and earns remuneration according to the minimum wage standard set by Shanghai.

Recently, however, the frequency of beauty salons calling him to work is not very high, sometimes only once a month and a half. "Sometimes when no one asks him to go for a long time, he is quite depressed." Yuanyuan's mother said: "Sometimes he sends a WeChat to ask the leader himself, when can he come? You will also ask me anxiously,' Do you want me?' "

Faced with such changes, Yuanyuan's mother understands very well and is helpless: "For small companies, the cost of employing people is quite high, and they would rather pay a sum of money than actually go to work in the unit (special groups) to reduce risks. But we really want to go to work and get in touch with society. "

"It is still difficult to integrate into society." Yuanyuan's mother said. She also paid attention to the news that Dongdong 20 12, the first autistic employee in Shanghai, worked as a librarian in the city library.

"The above picture also provides Dongdong with an employment companion teacher. Most patients are not so lucky, because their emotions are uncontrollable, communication barriers exist, and they lack the ability to deal with emergencies, which determines that it is difficult for them to work in the unit under normal social conditions, and even it is difficult to work with other disabled people in welfare factories. After Dongdong, there are very few people with autism who have achieved real employment. " On October 28th, 65438, Wu Hao, member of Shanghai Committee, secretary and director of Shanghai Youth Activity Center, said at a special meeting.

"At present, the employment situation of autistic groups is not optimistic." Xin Wang will say that there are no more than 10 autistic employees with formal labor contracts and wage income in the non-sheltered posts where she works with ordinary people. From 2065438 to March 2009, she called on all sectors of society to pay more attention to autistic children and help them integrate into social life.

For example, Jiang Yi, head of Le Plaza Public Coffee, said that although autistic people learned the hotel bed-making process at school, they could not handle the communication between superiors and subordinates and become real room attendants because of their lack of social skills. For example, Shang Yulong also said that an autistic person has a college degree and can go to school, eat, go to the toilet by himself or play with his classmates. But working in a noodle restaurant, I naturally drink the drinks I want to give to my guests. "He has communication skills and active social will, but he still can't understand and adapt to some social rules."

Jiang Yi believes that there is still a transitional "bridge" between school training and formal employment. The key point is that there is no vocational skills education for autistic people in special education schools.

Wang Xinhui also believes that it is more important to promote the development of speech, behavior and social communication ability of autistic patients than to provide more jobs for enterprises. Shang Yulong pointed out that the lack of work efficiency is also one of the core obstacles for autistic groups to enter the workplace. Autistic people who want to work generally need employment counselors, which increases the labor cost for enterprises.

Wu Hao suggested that the education department and high-quality training institutions in the social and social system should be encouraged to provide skills training and social adaptation training for autistic patients aged 16, which are in line with their interests and characteristics; Provide pre-job orientation training and post-job follow-up counseling for adult autistic patients who are about to enter the unit; Provide long-term psychological breathing service and decompression counseling training for parents, relatives and colleagues of autistic patients.