Which major is better, business administration, marketing, logistics management or international trade?

Business administration is a science that studies the rules of business activities of profit-making organizations and the theories, methods and technologies of enterprise management. This major has a wide range and many courses, covering many courses in economics and management. Therefore, business administration is a broad-based discipline, and individuals can choose their major direction according to their hobbies. Such as enterprise management, marketing, human resources, enterprise investment, etc. At present, the society thinks that industrial and commercial administration is industrial and commercial administration, but there are some misunderstandings. There are great differences between business administration and business administration in professional training objectives, core competence and professional courses. Therefore, the two cannot be regarded as a major.

Business training objectives

enterprise management

This major trains senior business administration professionals with knowledge and ability in management, economy, law and enterprise management, who can engage in management, teaching and scientific research in enterprises, institutions and government departments.

Marketing major

(1) Marketing Major (Undergraduate) 1993, Beijing Technology and Business University (formerly Beijing Business College) was entrusted by the state to hold a demonstration of undergraduate marketing major and reported it to the Ministry of Education. The Ministry of Education approved the addition of marketing undergraduate major. Marketing in-school training base

Business training objectives: This major trains senior business administration professionals with knowledge and ability in management, economy, law and marketing, who can engage in marketing and management, teaching and scientific research in enterprises, institutions and government departments. Business training requirements: Students in this major mainly study the basic theories and knowledge of marketing and business administration, receive basic training in marketing methods and skills, and have the basic ability to analyze and solve marketing problems. Graduates should have the following knowledge and abilities: ① Master the basic theories and knowledge of management, economics and modern marketing; Master the qualitative and quantitative analysis methods of marketing; ③ Strong language and writing skills, interpersonal communication skills and basic ability to analyze and solve practical marketing problems; (4) Familiar with national marketing guidelines, policies and regulations, and understand international marketing practices and rules; ⑤ Understand the theoretical frontier and development trend of this discipline; ⑥ Master the basic methods of literature retrieval and data query, and have certain scientific research and practical work ability. Main subjects: Economics and Business Administration. Main courses: management, microeconomics, macroeconomics, management information system, statistics, accounting, financial management, marketing, economic law, consumer behavior, international marketing, market research, basic accounting, financial introduction, enterprise sales planning, commercial banking practice, human resource management, market research and prediction, distribution channel management, bank marketing, modern marketing technology and so on. Main practical teaching links: including course practice and graduation practice, generally arranged in 10- 12 weeks. Length of study: four years. Awarded Degree: Bachelor of Management, with similar major: Business Administration (II) Marketing Major (Higher Vocational Education) Training Objective: Marketing Higher Vocational Education is to cultivate all-round development of morality, intelligence and physique to meet the needs of the socialist market economy, understand the market economy, have a solid foundation and a wide range of knowledge, and be familiar with both marketing practice and management, as well as national economic and trade policies and decrees, skillfully use computers, know import and export business and be familiar with foreign trade knowledge. Business training requirements: Students in this major mainly study the basic theories and knowledge of marketing and business administration, receive basic training in marketing methods and skills, and have the basic ability to analyze and solve marketing problems. After graduation, graduates should have: master the basic theory, basic knowledge and basic skills necessary for this major; Familiar with relevant economic regulations and policies; Have the necessary market research, market development and promotion capabilities. Length of study: three years, and you can take the college entrance examination according to relevant regulations.

The content of logistics management includes three aspects: the management of various elements of logistics activities, including transportation and storage; The management of logistics system elements, that is, the management of six elements such as people, money, goods, equipment, methods and information; The management of specific functions in logistics activities mainly includes logistics plan management, quality management, technical management and economic management. Logistics management science is a new discipline that has emerged abroad in the last decade or two, and it is a new important branch of management science. With the improvement of production technology and management technology, the competition among enterprises is becoming increasingly fierce. People gradually find that the competition among enterprises to reduce production costs seems to have come to an end, and product quality is just a stepping stone for an enterprise to enter the market and participate in the competition. At this time, the focus of competition began to shift from the production field to the non-production field, and turned to the scattered and isolated fields that were neglected as auxiliary links in the past, such as transportation, warehousing, packaging, loading and unloading, distribution and processing. People began to study how to reduce logistics costs, improve service quality and create "the third profit source" in these areas. Since then, logistics management has been separated from the traditional production and sales activities of enterprises and has become an independent research field and subject scope. The birth of logistics management science makes the logistics system hidden in economic activities appear. It reveals the internal relations of all links in logistics activities, and its development and perfection is the magic weapon for modern enterprises to win in market competition. A few days ago, chinahr. com. Based on the online job vacancy monitoring data of the past year, this paper analyzes and summarizes the annual workplace market in 2005. The data shows that the workplace experienced a process from slow development to rise last year. At the end of the year, the employment index exceeded 750 for the first time, IT technicians were the most popular, advertising and public relations talents showed an upward trend, real estate talents suffered a cold spell, FMCG talents were upgraded, the gap of high-end financial management talents was large, and logistics management talents had a high annual salary. According to some data, logistics talents have been listed in China's 12 category, such as logistics planners, logistics managers, logistics researchers and logistics engineers. Many enterprises need a master's degree or above, more than 3 years of management experience and about 5 years of industry experience when recruiting logistics management talents, preferably working in the logistics department of a large foreign company. Fiberhome data also shows that in Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou and Shenzhen, where the logistics industry is relatively developed, the median annual salary of storage and transportation managers is about10-127,000 yuan, and the high salary is about 21-260,000 yuan; The median annual salary of the director of import and export affairs (business function) is about 58-66 thousand yuan, and the high salary is about 80.1-95 thousand yuan; The average annual salary of logistics administrators (IT industry) is 530,000-62,000 yuan, and the highest salary can reach170,000-200,000 yuan.

I. Current Situation and Prospects of International Trade Since the 1990s, due to the great changes in the world structure, western countries have fallen into recession under the influence of cyclical and structural factors, and the growth rate of international trade has been declining year after year, with great fluctuations, from 7% in 1989 to 5% in 1990. 199 1 year dropped to 3% again, 1992 rose to 4.5%, 1993 fell to 2.5%, 1994 rose to 5%, and it is expected that 1995 will. On the whole, international trade will be in a new period of growth in the 1990s, with a growth rate of about 5%, which not only exceeds the growth rate of the world economy, but will also be significantly higher than the development level (4%) in the 1980s .59986.999999999695 The demand for mechanical and electrical products, transportation equipment, computers, non-ferrous metals, petroleum and petrochemical products in the international commodity market has greatly increased, and prices have risen, among which the trade in manufactured goods will further expand. Trade in primary products has also improved significantly, and its absolute trade volume will continue to increase, but its proportion in international trade will show a downward trend, which will be lower than the level of similar products in the 1980s, and this trend will continue to develop in the next few years. In 1990s, the basic trend of international trade was slow growth in the early stage and accelerated growth in the middle and late stage, which was mainly driven by macro-control measures in western countries. However, the technology cycle directly related to the change of industrial structure is on the rise, and there is no big breakthrough. Restricted by the new development of trade protectionism and the heavy debt burden of developing countries, it is unlikely that international trade will increase substantially. Second, several major factors affecting the development of international trade (1) The world economy continues to maintain its growth momentum. The world economy got rid of the slow growth and recession for four consecutive years and began to enter a new round of economic growth cycle. On the basis that 199 1 the world economic growth rate dropped to -0.4%, it increased to 0.8% in 1992. At 1993, it is1.7%; 1994 rose to 3. 1%, and it is predicted that 1995 will reach 3.5%. The growth rate of 3% can be maintained in the second half of the 1990s, slightly higher than the level of 2.9% in the 1980s. The general economic recovery and development in western countries is an important reason for the improvement of the world economy. The growth rate of the American economy in the second half of the 1990s may remain at around 3%. The economic growth rate of western Europe has also increased from the negative growth of 0.4% in 1993 to 2.6% in 1994, and can reach 2.9% in 1995. In the next few years, the economic situation will further improve and enter the regular growth, and the average annual growth rate will be higher than that in the 1980s. The further improvement of the economic situation in the United States and Western Europe will help curb the appreciation of the yen, promote Japan's exports to a certain extent, provide an opportunity for Japan to get rid of the economic recession, and make the economy show some signs of recovery. In the second half of the 1990s, Japan's economic growth rate remained at 3-3.5%, higher than that of the United States and Western Europe, but still lower than that of the 1980s. The economies of eastern European countries (except a few countries) generally passed the bottom of the landslide and began to pick up one after another. The economic decline of CIS countries is also shrinking. Russia's economy may bottom out this year and resume growth. Relatively speaking, the situation in developing countries is best. In recent years, it has been showing a growth momentum. The economic growth rate of 1994 is 5.6%, which has become an important force to promote world economic development. The economies of developing countries in the Asia-Pacific region are not only the most dynamic, but also maintain rapid growth. Africa, which has always been in a poor economic situation, has also turned around. Latin America's economy has been growing steadily for four consecutive years, and has initially completed the transformation of its economic model. With the acceleration of the Middle East peace process, it will provide new opportunities for regional economic cooperation and development. By the late 1990s, there may be some emerging industrial economic entities in the Middle East, which will drive the regional economy to a high level. (2) The Uruguay Round negotiations have been successfully concluded and the World Trade Organization has been formally established. The World Trade Organization was formally established and put into operation on June 1. The World Trade Organization is a permanent international economic organization independent of the United Nations, responsible for managing and supervising the global trade order, coordinating trade relations and formulating trade policies. It provides the most basic rules for future global trade, is responsible for implementing multilateral trade agreements, regularly reviewing the trade policies of members, handling trade disputes in a unified way, and strengthening cooperation with other international institutions. It not only strengthens the original rules of GATT, but also establishes a more transparent trade dispute mediation mechanism. It can be said that the establishment of the World Trade Organization means the formation of a new pattern of world trade, the great development of global trade liberalization and the beginning of a new era of international economic cooperation. (3) The trend of regional collectivization of the world economy has been further strengthened. On June 65,438+0,993,65,438+0,65,438+0, the EU was officially launched. The European Economic Area (EEA) was established in 1 June 65438+1October1,which is more open and integrated than the European Union and the European Free Trade Association. It is not only a free-flowing area of industrial products, but also a free-flowing area of people, services and capital. From 0995+65438+65438 to 10, Austria, Finland and Sweden officially became members of the European Union. The expansion of the European Union has greatly enhanced the competitive strength of Western Europe, thus effectively promoting the development of investment and trade in this region. 1 994 65438+1October1,and the North American Free Trade Agreement in which the United States, Canada and Mexico participated came into effect. It is planned to remove tariffs and other trade barriers in three stages within 15 to realize the free circulation of goods and services. 1994 12 10, 34 American countries reached an agreement at the Summit of the Americas held in Miami, USA, and signed the Declaration of Principles, setting 2005 as the deadline for negotiations to reach an agreement to establish the Free Trade Area of the Americas, which marked the beginning of a new trend of economic cooperation in North-South relations. With the deepening of economic ties between countries and regions in the Asia-Pacific region, regional cooperation has been put on the agenda. The Bogor Declaration was issued at the 6th APEC Ministerial Meeting and the 2nd APEC Informal Leaders' Meeting held in Bogor, Indonesia in June, which stipulated the principles and long-term goals of trade and investment liberalization in the Asia-Pacific region. Developed members will achieve this goal before 20 10 and developing members will achieve this goal before 2020. At the 26th Annual Meeting of ASEAN Economic Ministers, it was unanimously agreed to shorten the time for establishing the ASEAN Free Trade Area from the original 15 to 10, and decided to reduce the tariffs on industrial products and agricultural products within ASEAN to 0.5% on June 1 day, 2003. At present, the Asia-Pacific "growth triangle", as a supplementary mode of sub-regional economic cooperation, is progressing smoothly. In order to promote the development of Asia-Pacific economic cooperation, APEC held a "special" Senior Officials Meeting in February 1995 to discuss the prospects of regional trade and investment, and prepared the agenda for the Osaka 1 1 Ministerial Meeting and the Third Leaders' Meeting in June this year, while drafting "Trade and Investment Liberalization in the Asia-Pacific Region by 2020". Officials at the meeting agreed that the agenda should include two parts: trade and investment liberalization, and economic and technical cooperation. The meeting agreed to set up a coordination group for private enterprises. (IV) Accelerated scientific and technological progress In the 1990s, high and new technologies with microelectronics, biotechnology, information technology and new materials as the core continued to accelerate their development and became increasingly practical and industrialized. With the popularization and application of high technology, the deepening of international division of labor, the continuous improvement of product quality and performance, and the constant change of product types and specifications, the production of products will be greatly shortened in the same period. Due to the continuous upgrading of products, the industrial structure and economic structure of countries will be upgraded to a higher level, and the interdependence and penetration between countries will be further deepened, thus promoting the continuous expansion of international commodity scope and trade volume. In this way, the content, form and organization of commodity production will change. The development of international trade is increasingly linked with new technologies, which greatly reduce the density and universality of raw materials in international commodity production and trade, but greatly increase the intensity of technology and knowledge. Due to the diversified development of social consumption demand, intra-industry trade has been promoted through commodity exchange. (V) The vigorous development of transnational corporations Since the 1990s, transnational corporations have developed particularly rapidly and are constantly changing the pattern of world commodity production and circulation. At present, there are about 12000 multinational companies in the world, which control 2/3 of the total global export trade, and the internal trade of multinational companies has accounted for 40% of international trade. With the new development of production internationalization, multinational companies will control economic activities such as international trade, international investment and technology transfer to a greater extent. Trade in manufactured goods, especially high-tech trade and capital goods, will also account for an increasing proportion in multinational companies. In the trade of manufactured goods in developed countries, due to the effect of economies of scale, the two-way international commodity flow within the same industry has developed rapidly and become the main source of trade benefits. According to the investigation of 1992, the intra-industry trade of developed countries accounts for about 60% of international trade, and the industries of Singapore, South Korea and Indonesia. With the development of regional collectivization of the world economy and the prevalence of new trade protectionism, it is more difficult for enterprises to enter foreign markets. In order to bypass the trade barriers of the host country, reduce the cost of research, trial production and production, expand the market and realize complementary advantages, some large multinational companies began to move toward borderless in the 1980s, but it was not until recent years that the work of large enterprises concluding international strategic alliances developed rapidly. Multinational companies can make use of the different advantages of their own countries and other countries, realize the rational allocation of resources on a global scale through the international flow of production factors, obtain the greatest economic benefits and promote the development of international trade. Three. Major changes have taken place in the structure of international trade. Since1980s, the growth rate of service trade has been faster than that of goods trade. International trade in services increased from $405 billion in 1982 to $960 billion in 1987, and further increased to $102 billion. From 65438 to 0993, the world merchandise trade volume decreased by 2% compared with the previous year, while the international service trade volume increased by 3%. In the composition of international service trade, the proportion of transportation and tourism service trade is relatively declining, while the proportion of service trade such as communication, insurance, advertising, technology, leasing and management is increasing, especially the added value of high-tech products is increasing, and their goods are becoming more and more service-intensive. The economy of developed countries is becoming more and more "service-oriented", accounting for about 3/4 of international service trade. The United States is the world's largest exporter of service trade, with obvious advantages in emerging service projects such as telecommunications, data processing, banking and insurance. For the sake of their own economic security, many countries in the world have implemented protectionist policies on service trade and generally built trade barriers, which poses a strong threat to the expansion of American service trade. Therefore, a few years ago, the United States made a request to GATT to solve the problem of service trade. After years of negotiations, the Uruguay Round finally reached a multilateral framework agreement on trade in services, which stipulated the general obligations and disciplines of the contracting parties, including most-favored-nation treatment, transparency, national treatment, gradual participation of developing countries, market access, dispute settlement and other provisions. The establishment of a multilateral framework for trade in services is a major breakthrough of GATT in promoting the development of international trade liberalization, which will enable contracting parties to protect the service market and conduct multilateral negotiations, strengthen personnel exchanges and information circulation, especially the gradual liberalization of trade in services such as intellectual property rights, technology transfer, data processing, consulting and advertising, and help accelerate the development of international trade. (2) Environmental protection products 1992 swept the world. The United Nations "Conference on Environment and Development" has greatly enhanced people's awareness of environmental protection in the world. The demand for green products, such as green food, green refrigerator, green air conditioner, green computer and green car, which are harmless to human health, has obviously increased, thus promoting the transformation of industrial sectors such as electrical appliances, energy, construction and petrochemical, as well as preventing pollution, saving energy and providing information services. Environmental protection technologies in North America and Western Europe have occupied 60% of the international market. According to the survey of seven western industrial countries, the number of people boycotting non-environmental products accounts for about 79% of the total number, which shows that green goods have occupied a dominant position in the international market and the market prospect is very broad. In order to solve the trade-related environmental problems, the Uruguay Round Trade Negotiating Committee adopted a resolution on "Trade and Environment" at its meeting in February, 2005 1993 15, and decided to draft a work plan on trade and environment, formulate rules to strengthen the interaction between trade and environmental measures, and supervise trade measures for environmental purposes and trade-related environmental measures. With the enhancement of environmental awareness in the international community, environmental protection projects have attracted much attention in international aid and investment. At present, many countries have not only promulgated strict environmental protection laws and regulations, but also formulated the principle of "giving priority to environmental protection products" in import and export trade, regardless of industrial countries or "emerging industrial countries". President Clinton of the United States clearly proposed to formulate preferential export policies for environmentally friendly products; The EU has formulated a "green investment" policy; Asean countries decided to impose low tariffs on environmentally friendly products; This will have a far-reaching impact on the development of international trade. The way of international trade is changing. (1) paperless trade is becoming more and more popular. Paperless trade (EDI) is a trade activity that uses electronic data exchange instead of traditional paper documents, and transmits and processes standard economic information between business partners' computers through communication networks, so as to achieve the purpose of trading between buyers and sellers. Using EDI in international trade activities can greatly reduce or even eliminate all kinds of paper documents and bills in the traditional trade process, avoid repeated data input, simplify working procedures, not only speed up information feedback, but also get a lot of business information in time, reduce errors, reduce costs, improve efficiency and facilitate management. In the fierce market competition, it can also provide more favorable trade opportunities and conditions for enterprises. Paperless trade began in the 1960s, but it was not until 1980s that it gradually extended to the field of international trade. Since 1992, the United States has adopted EDI for import and export trade declaration; Japan developed "Strategic Information System (SIS)" with EDI. South Korea has also established an EDI service system-Korea Trade Network (KT-NET); The China Municipal Government established the "China Coordinating Committee for Promoting EDI Application", which is responsible for promoting the application of EDI; In 2000, the United Nations Commission on International Trade Law (UNCITRAL) was formulating international laws on the application of electronic data interchange, which created conditions for the universal use of electronic data interchange. (2) Management trade has developed rapidly. Specifically, managing trade refers to the administrative management and intervention of a country's foreign trade activities based on the national macroeconomic interests and domestic and foreign policy needs. For international economic organizations, it is the coordinated management of the international economy. After entering the 1990s, due to the fierce competition in the international market, the struggle for market share in industrial countries intensified, which had a strong impact on the capitalist world economic system. Because of the correlation of economic interests, all countries concerned are aware of the necessity of strengthening international economic coordination. Developing countries have effectively promoted economic development by adjusting industrial and economic structures and implementing reform and opening-up policies. South Korea, Singapore, Hongkong and Taiwan Province Province and other newly industrialized countries and regions began to compete with developed countries for international market share, and developed countries adopted many trade management measures to protect the development of traditional industries. With the further strengthening of the trend of regional grouping in the world economy, in order to protect the local market, regional economic groups are gradually removing various obstacles that hinder the free flow of goods and production factors, and at the same time rejecting foreign countries, which makes new trade protectionism rise, unfair monopoly competition and contradictions among groups intensify, and non-member countries also feel that their trade space is shrinking. In order to expand exports and protect the market, we must strengthen the unilateral management of trade and the coordinated management of trade groups; With the new development of production internationalization, multinational companies need to adopt free trade to eliminate all restrictions on foreign economic expansion, and at the same time, they need to improve their competitiveness through state intervention in foreign trade to protect certain industries from foreign monopoly organizations. Therefore, management trade will develop rapidly in the 1990s. V. Reflections on the Development of Foreign Trade In the 1990s, the general trend of international trade development brought opportunities and challenges to the development of China's export trade. Its opportunities are mainly: 1. Conducive to expanding exports. The sustained growth of international trade marks the steady expansion of international market demand, which provides a more favorable international environment for the development of China's export trade and is conducive to expanding exports. 2. It is conducive to adjusting the structure of export commodities. In international trade, the proportion of manufactured goods, especially capital goods (electrical appliances, non-electrical machinery and transportation equipment) and high-tech, information and intelligent "software trade" will continue to rise, which will help China adjust its export commodity structure and accelerate the development of manufactured goods exports. The main challenges are as follows: 1. It has increased the obstacles to China's export trade, and the labor-intensive products exported will face more intense international market competition. This makes it more difficult for China to introduce foreign capital and advanced technology, and CIS and Eastern European countries may become our competitors in the near future.

Logistics management is better.