Essay question: What are the main aspects of Gillick's discussion of government and administrative issues?

Gulick believes that for the United States, government management, whether it is local government, state government or federal government, is much more difficult than business management. Even large companies such as U.S. Steel, AT&T, and General Electric are not as difficult to manage as the government. This is not just a matter of size, but factors beyond scale. Government management differs from business in five aspects: ① In government, we have what is known as "politics". In this system, production and services are by-products of the ruler's real goals, which are employment, Public security, franchise control, maintenance of electoral fund-raising organizations, etc.; ② In the government, we have democracy, and its best state is governance by the majority; ③ The environment of the government and the business scope of its various departments are more important than any industry The organization must be more complex; ④ The principle of national sovereignty and the principle of local autonomy make large-scale production standardization in the government field almost impossible; ⑤ The teleological labyrinth of government-scientific management requires standardization to be completed before the production process. If you Whether it's making railroad tracks, or rolling stock, or shoes, it's not a difficult thing to do—but when you're dealing with the regulation of streets, water, sewerage, police and fire, education, recreation, utilities, and the regulation of large-scale operations through a single organization. It becomes an entirely different problem when it comes to monitoring the actions of individuals on a large scale, as well as city planning, taxation, the manipulation of economic power, and thousands of other things that governments do or require government surveillance. In all these areas, before action is taken, the corresponding purpose must be determined through democratic channels, rather than operating through authoritarian simplistic methods and narrow regulatory means.

Although there are so many difficulties, it does not mean that scientific management cannot be used in the public administration field. On the contrary, Gulick believes that the application of scientific management in the government field is much better than that in industrial and commercial enterprises. Application is more necessary. In fact, compared with industry and commerce, government departments have more personnel and more complex functions, so the need for scientific management is more urgent. More importantly, industry and commerce are in competition, and every unit of the government is a monopoly department. Therefore, it inherits all the shortcomings of the monopoly department. The main disadvantages are low efficiency, poor management, and poor service. Nor will it automatically end the life of government departments. Therefore, it is of even greater significance to study the application and promotion of scientific management in government.

On the whole, Gulick's management ideas are highly consistent with Taylor's scientific management. Moreover, because Gulick has rich experience in corporate management departments, he has a strong understanding of We have more say in promoting scientific management in the government field. This point has profoundly affected the subsequent development of corporate governance in the United States. The "corporate government" reform that emerged in the United States after the 1980s can find its origin in Gulick. In terms of management theory, the POSDCORB and segmentation principles proposed by Gulick drew on Fayol's theory in terms of framework, but in the specific demonstration, it clearly has Taylor's reasoning style, and in terms of content, it drew on scientific management. of many perspectives. It can be said that Gulick integrated the thoughts of Taylor and Fayol very well, basing himself on Fayol's experience construction and adopting Taylor's rational approach. It is for this reason that Gulick is regarded as the summarizer of classical management theory.