What are the basic knowledge of boring machine?

Boring machine is mainly used for machining high-precision holes or finishing multiple holes at a time, but this word may not be heard by laymen. The following is my knowledge about boring machine, I hope you like it!

Overview of Boring Machine Boring machine is divided into horizontal boring machine, floor boring and milling machine, diamond boring machine and coordinate boring machine (see color map).

① Horizontal boring machine: the most widely used boring machine with the widest performance, which is suitable for single-piece and small-batch production and repair workshops.

(2) Floor boring machine and floor boring and milling machine: characterized in that the workpiece is fixed on the floor platform, which is suitable for processing workpieces with large size and weight and used in heavy machinery factories.

(3) Diamond boring machine: using diamond or cemented carbide tools to bore holes with high precision and small surface roughness with small feed and high cutting speed, which is mainly used for mass production.

(4) Coordinate boring machine: It has precise coordinate positioning device, which is suitable for machining holes with high accuracy in shape, size and hole spacing, and can also be used for marking, coordinate measurement and calibration, and used in tool workshops and small and medium-sized batch production. Other types of boring machines include vertical turret boring machines and milling machines, deep-hole boring machines and boring machines for repairing automobiles and tractors.

The development history of boring machine Due to the need of manufacturing weapons, hydraulic cylinder boring machine appeared in15th century. After J Watt obtained the patent of practical steam engine in 1769, the machining accuracy of cylinder became the key issue of steam engine. 1774 British J. Wilkinson (also translated by John? Wilkinson) invented the barrel boring machine, which was used to process the cylinder block of Watt steam engine the following year. 1776, he made a more accurate cylinder boring machine. 1880 or so, the horizontal boring machine with front and rear columns and worktable is produced in Germany. In order to adapt to the processing of oversized and overweight workpieces, the floor boring machine was developed in 1930s. With the increase of milling workload, the floor boring and milling machine appeared in 1950s. At the beginning of the 20th century, due to the development of horological instrument manufacturing industry, it was necessary to process equipment with small hole spacing error, and a coordinate boring machine appeared in Switzerland. In order to improve the positioning accuracy of boring machines, optical reading heads or digital display devices have been widely used. Some boring machines also use numerical control system to realize coordinate positioning and machining process automation.

Structural characteristics of boring machine 1, and long hole boring represented by coaxial hole system of box parts is one of the most important contents in metal cutting. Although there are still boring dies, guide sleeves, long boring bars supported by the rear column of the table milling and boring machine or manually aligning the workpiece for rotation 180? In recent years, on the one hand, due to the extensive use of CNC milling and boring machines and machining centers, the coordinate positioning accuracy of various horizontal milling and boring machines and the rotary indexing accuracy of the worktable have been greatly improved, and the boring of long holes has gradually changed from high-efficiency worktable 180? Self-positioning turning boring On the other hand, the mass production and application of ordinary or CNC gantry milling and boring machines have changed the workbench 180 from the machine tool structure. Self-positioning turning boring has almost become the only way to bore long holes on this machine tool.

2. Coaxiality error and compensation of column feeding and turning boring The main factors affecting the coaxiality of milling and boring machine turning boring are the same as those of desktop milling and boring machine, which are desktop turning 180? The indexing error da of rotation and the positioning error Lx = 2lx of horizontal (x) movement are used for boring the other half hole d2 of the long hole, so that the axis of the half hole bored before rotation coincides with the axis of the boring shaft again after rotation. And table rotation 180? Before and after, the tilt error df in xy coordinate plane, the tilt error dy in yz plane and the translation error dy in y direction are also important factors affecting the concentricity of turning and boring. However, the influence of the spatial position of the boring shaft axis on the concentricity of turning boring is obviously different from that of the desktop milling and boring machine, which usually completes the full-length boring of the hole by feeding the column.

3. Reasonable determination of the vertical position of the column when the boring shaft is fed.

When encountering a specific situation, the milling and boring machine must fix the column in the proper position of the longitudinal lathe bed. When the boring shaft takes the tool extension as the feeding form of boring, the angle error db in the xz plane and the angle error dg in the yz plane of the axis of the boring shaft, like the desktop milling and boring machine, have an important influence on the coaxiality of turning boring, and with the increase of the feeding length of the boring shaft, the boring rod is skewed and deformed due to its own weight. Different from the table milling and boring machine, when the boring shaft of the planing table milling and boring machine extends out of the boring hole, the vertical movable column must be fixed at a certain position on the longitudinal machine body, and it is important that this position can and should be selected.

4. Reasonable determination of cutter position of boring machine

When the column is fed into the boring machine to rotate, the boring cutter should be clamped at a reasonable position on the cutter bar of the boring shaft along the Z direction. On the one hand, the distance from the turning center of the tool tip to the front end face of the headstock should be slightly greater than half of the total length of the hole (if it is smaller, the long hole cannot be bored; if it is too large, the rigidity of the boring shaft will be reduced); On the other hand, it is necessary to place the rotation center of the tool tip at the intersection o between the boring shaft axis and the vertical displacement line of the column, and so on.

1 Operating rules of boring machine. Observe the general safety operation procedures of milling and boring workers. Wear labor protection articles as required. 2. Check whether the connection position of operating handle, switch, knob, fixture mechanism and hydraulic piston is correct, whether the operation is flexible and whether the safety device is complete and reliable.

3. Check whether there are obstacles in the effective operation range of each axis of the machine tool.

4. It is forbidden to use machine tools with super high performance. Select cutting speed and feed according to workpiece material.

5. When loading and unloading heavy workpieces, a reasonable spreader and hoisting method must be selected according to the weight and shape of the workpieces.

6. When the spindle rotates and moves, it is forbidden to touch the spindle and tools installed at the end of the spindle by hand.

7. When replacing the tool, you must stop the machine first and confirm it before replacing it. Pay attention to the damage of the blade when replacing it.

8. It is forbidden to trample or place items on the equipment guide rail surface and paint surface. It is forbidden to knock or straighten the workpiece on the workbench.

9. After the new workpiece is input into the machining program, the correctness of the program and the correctness of the simulation operation program must be checked. In order to prevent the machine tool from breaking down, it is not allowed to run automatically without testing.

10. When cutting with parallel rotary radial tool rest alone, the boring bar should be returned to zero position first, and then switch to parallel turntable mode with M43 in MDA mode. If the U-axis wants to move, make sure that the manual clamping device of the U-axis has been loosened.

1 1. When the workbench (axis B) needs to be rotated during work, make sure that it will not touch other parts of the machine tool or other objects around the machine tool during rotation.

12. When the machine tool is running, it is forbidden to touch the periphery of the rotating spindle, polished rod, spindle and turntable, and the operator shall not stay on the moving parts of the machine tool.

13. When the machine tool is running, the operator shall not leave his job or entrust others to take care of it.

14. If there are any abnormal phenomena and noises during the operation of the machine tool, stop the machine immediately, find out the reasons and handle them in time.

15. When the headstock and workbench of the machine tool are at or near the movement limit position, the operator shall not enter the following areas:

(1) between the bottom surface of the spindle box and the lathe bed;

(2) Between the drilling shaft and the working shaft;

(3) Between the boring shaft and the lathe bed or workbench when it extends out;

(4) Between the workbench and the headstock when moving;

(5) When the drilling shaft rotates, between the tailpipe and the wall and the oil tank;

(6) Between the workbench and the front main column;

(7) Other areas that may cause extrusion;