Cultivation techniques of Agaricus bisporus

Arrangement of production season

The meteorological factors in the small arch shed change rapidly and are easily influenced by the external climatic conditions. Choosing a good cultivation season not only saves labor and time, but also achieves high and stable yield. According to the climate in Zhoukou area, stacking should be from the end of July to the end of August, sowing should be from the middle of August to the end of September, and harvesting should be from 10 to 12. The climate in this period is more suitable for the growth and development of Agaricus bisporus. At the same time, in order to ensure the temperature demand of Agaricus bisporus in the late growth stage, low-temperature varieties should be selected for cultivation.

Secondary fermentation accumulation

Culture medium is the premise of Agaricus bisporus growth. Choosing a good formula, composting scientifically and improving its conversion rate are the basis for high and stable yield of Agaricus bisporus. It is best to choose the formula of natural manure culture medium: wheat straw or straw 1000kg, manure (chicken manure and pig manure) 1000kg, calcium superphosphate 20-25 kg, gypsum powder 15-20kg, quicklime 20kg, urea 10kg, plant ash.

(1) In 1 fermentation (pre-fermentation), soak or soak the wheat straw to make the water content reach about 70%. Feces should be dried and broken in advance, stacked for 2 ~ 3 days, and sprayed with pesticides to kill insects. Generally, materials are stacked into a rectangle with a width of 1.8 ~ 2.0m, a height of 1.5 ~ 1.8~2.0m, and a turtle-back shape at the top. First pile a layer of 20cm thick wheat straw, then sprinkle a layer of manure and accessories, and then pile it with a layer of wheat straw and a layer of manure and accessories to the required height. Starting from the third floor, according to the water situation, add enough water while stacking, generally less water in the lower floor and more water in the upper floor. The top floor is covered with dry wheat straw or straw curtain, covered with plastic film in rainy days, and removed after rain to facilitate ventilation. 1 turn on the sixth day, the second turn after five days, and 1 turn every 3-4 days thereafter, * * * 4-5 times. When turning the pile, you must turn the upper layer, outer layer and bottom layer into the middle, and turn the middle of the pile into the upper layer, outer layer and bottom layer. Every time the pile is turned over, water should be replenished according to the material situation to ensure the fermentation quality.

(2) Secondary fermentation (post-fermentation) In order to prevent a large number of pests and diseases caused by bacteria and eggs in the shed, the shed should be disinfected 1 ~ 2 times before feeding. Firstly, 800 times phoxim EC was sprayed in the shed to kill underground eggs, and then 0.5kg formaldehyde solution was fumigated and disinfected every 20㎡. The method is to put a coal fire in the shed, add 1kg formaldehyde and 1kg water for heating and steaming, and then open the vent for ventilation, so that the materials can be fed without formaldehyde smell. After the 1 fermentation, the raw materials should be quickly moved to the first bed in the shed (which should be completed within one day), and the temperature in the shed should be quickly raised to 50 ~ 55℃ and kept for 3 ~ 5 days for secondary fermentation by taking advantage of the high temperature in this season and the rising temperature in the plastic shed. After that, carry out large ventilation to cool down. When the temperature drops below 28℃, adjust the pH value and water content to be appropriate, and then spread the raw materials on a bed with a thickness of 20 ~ 25 cm for sowing.

Sowing and post-sowing management

Sow seeds and use wheat strains. The sowing method is: use 2 bottles of strains per square meter, sprinkle 1/3 strains on the surface of the culture material, then gently shake with a clean manure fork to make the strains fall into the middle layer of the culture material, then sprinkle 2/3 strains on the surface, level the material surface, properly compact it, and then cover the bed with newspaper or plastic film. After sowing, the temperature and humidity management should be strengthened to promote the rapid growth of bacteria. The temperature of materials can be controlled at 20 ~ 26℃, the relative humidity of air is 60% ~ 80%, and the pH value can be controlled at around 7 by adding plastic film, sprinkling water and ventilation (which can be adjusted by spraying dilute lime water). When the mycelium eats 1/2, it is necessary to pry open the ventilation to promote the growth of the mycelium. After 20 days, hyphae can basically grow full of culture materials.

Covering soil and management after covering soil.

The covering material is made according to the following formula: 4m3 of fertile soil, 0.5 ~ 1 m3 of cinder, 0.7 kg of calcium superphosphate 17kg of gypsum 17kg, 50kg of fermented wheat bran, 0.5 kg of lime 15kg of water. Three days before covering the soil, all the materials are evenly mixed, sprayed with 800 times of dichlorvos and piled up, covered with plastic film for 24 hours, and then prewetted with lime to adjust the pH value to 7.5 ~ 8. When the mycelium grows to 2/3 of the material, cover the soil in time on sunny days, soak the coarse soil in 2% lime water with a dustpan, and cover the material with a thickness of 3cm after the surface of the soil particles is dried. 3 ~ 4 days of light spraying and frequent spraying for moisturizing, 5 ~ 7 days of covering with 1.5cm thick fine soil, 2 ~ 3 days of light spraying and frequent spraying for moisturizing, and timely ventilation after water spraying. The temperature is kept at 22 ~ 25℃, and the relative humidity of air is kept at 80% ~ 85%.

Fruit hanging and fruit hanging period management

After covering soil 15 ~ 20 days, the growth of mycelium should be controlled to promote the formation of primordia. The temperature should be controlled at 14 ~ 18℃, and the air relative humidity should be kept at about 90%. At this time, you should spray mushroom water again, 2 ~ 3 times a day, and it is advisable to spray 0.8 kg of water per square meter each time. Spray twice at night, and it will be ventilated after spraying. The temperature should be controlled at 15 ~ 20℃, and the fruiting body will form after 3 ~ 5 days. When the fruiting body grows to the size of soybean, spray 1 times quality water. Spraying high-quality water adopts the methods of light spraying and frequent spraying, and the covered soil particles can be kept flat, not crushed and not sticky. Fruiting bodies can be harvested when they grow to 2 ~ 4 cm. After harvesting, stop the water for 1 ~ 2 days, clean the seedbed, fill the soil, then adjust the humidity and spray the tide. In order to make the fruiting body grow strong, high and stable yield and enhance disease resistance, appropriate topdressing should be carried out during the fruiting body growth period, with mushroom antibiotics 1 and 2 as the best.