Appreciation of Dong Tang's Old Persuading the Children of Broken Families

Qin (date of birth and death unknown) was a zaju writer at the end of Yuan Dynasty. Ghost Record called him "most people have lived in Hangzhou in recent years". Now many people think that he is a native of Dadu (now Beijing). He first wrote his name in Dadu and later lived in Hangzhou. There are five kinds of zaju, four of which are recorded in Ghost Record. There are three kinds of zaju, that is, the old man in the Eastern Tang Dynasty persuaded the broken children, and Yi Rang Pang (also known as Li Rang Pang and Zhao Shan Li Rang Pang). ) and Tao Xian's mother cut her hair and waited for the guests.

[Summary]

Zhao, a wealthy businessman in Yangzhou, got sick because his son Yangzhou slave "only accompanied those crazy friends, drank for nothing, had food and clothing, and had no family business". When he died, he entrusted his son to Shi Li, a close friend who was called "Laozi of the East Tang Dynasty" in the East. After Zhao's death, Yangzhou slaves, lured by the rogue beard biography and Liu Longqing, did nothing but indulge in debauchery. In less than ten years, they squandered their property and became beggars. Dong Tang always saw that Yangzhou slave was "stubborn and difficult to convince", so he secretly bought Zhao's real estate with the money entrusted to him by Zhao. Just as the prodigal son suffered a lot and was in danger, Dong Tang always took out silver ingots to help him do small business. On the one hand, he patiently persuaded and checked his behavior and urged him to try to turn over a new leaf. Later, Yangzhou repented and made a living by selling charcoal and vegetables. Since then, he has stopped interacting with Hu and Liu. The prodigal son has returned. At this point, the old Dong Tang hosted a banquet for his neighbors, explained the details to Yangzhou slaves in public, and returned the property.

[Wonderful Selected Reading] (Third Discount)

(Yangzhou Nutong Daner is carrying a small basket) (Yangzhou Nuyun) What an unworthy look! My own slave in Yangzhou is. If you don't believe in good words, you will worry. I believe in Liu Qin Long and Hu Zichuan. I have lost the life of that porch. Now I can live in a broken tile kiln in the south of the city. I ate the early bird, but nothing happened that night. Sleeping at home and lying on the ground every day, how can you spend the sun and the moon? I am bitter. I am an asshole. He hasn't benefited all day. Come on, sister-in-law, I can't live anymore. I want to untie this rope and hang it on this branch. You are there, I am here, and I will hang them both. (Dan Eryun) Yangzhou slave, you benefited from it that day, but I never benefited from it. You can hang yourself and kill people. I have no reason. (Yangzhou female cloud) Sister-in-law, you are right. I benefited, you didn't. You wait in the kiln, and I'll find the two dogs now. You sweep some dry donkey dung, burn the pot, and wait for me to find some rice and cook porridge and soup with you. God, I'm not poor enough to kill me. (Yangzhou slave, Danerxia) (selling tea, Yun) Xiao is a tea seller. I got up this morning. I just combed my hair and washed my face. I pushed the waiter away to see who was coming. (Liu Longqing, beard, cloud) firewood is not expensive, rice is not expensive, two stupid guys, it is a pair. My own Liu Longqing, brother beard biography, I two are close friends, inseparable brothers. I have lost interest since I lost this Zhao Xiaoge. Today, let's go to the teahouse. If you are lucky, you can find another advocate. Tea seller, you have tea, I'll give it to you. There is tea. Please sit inside. (Yangzhou slave, cloud) has its own Yangzhou slave. I usually go out and kowtow to my brother. Today, I was poor, and everyone who saw me hid. I'm asking us in the teahouse now. (See "Selling Tea Branches and Clouds") People who sell tea can make a profit. (buying tea clouds) It's called melting when it comes. Hum, those people named Hua also sing. (Yangzhou female cloud) OK, I'm looking for those two brothers. They happen to be here. I don't like this thick hair. (See Erjing singing, Yun) Brother, sing. (Liu Long Qingyun) Get rid of this beggar. (Yangzhou female cloud) My name is not Hua, but Zhao Xiaoge. Who is Brother Zhao? (Yangzhou female cloud) Then I am. (Beard says) Are you Brother Zhao? Let me ask you, why are you so poor? (Yangzhou female cloud) It is you two villains who have made me poor. (Liu Long Qingyun) Brother, are you hungry? (Yangzhou Nuyun) I know I'm hungry. Why don't you eat with me? (Liu Long Qingyun) Brother, I'll buy you something to eat when you stay short. Good roast goose, good hooves, I buy the future. Brother, he went there to buy things, but he hasn't come here sooner or later? (Beard says) Brother, I have to go. (Yangzhou female cloud) Brother, you don't have to go. Brother, you can't wait for him. I'll buy some meat and wine to eat with you first. Sit down, I'm coming. (Beard passes by the door) (selling tea clouds) You owe me a lot of money. Where are you going? Don't make a hullabaloo about. I'll tell you when I get out. (selling tea clouds) What do you say? (A beard spreads a cloud) Do you know him? Then he is a slave of Yangzhou. (selling tea clouds) He is a slave of Yangzhou? How did you act like this? He is a rich man. He is afraid of being a policeman and pretending to be poor. I lack your money. I'm dealing with him. You ask him for it, not me, but my family. (Yangzhou slaves catch lice) (selling tea clouds) Let me do the math. Tea owes you five dollars, wine owes you three taels, rice owes you one tael, Geng Miaolian who sent it to sing owes you five taels, and backgammon owes you eight taels, which is * * * twelve taels. Brother, what's your bill? You don't know (selling tea clouds) that Liu Longqing and nothing have just paid all the money they owe me in recent years and have dealt with you. You paid me back, and here it is. Brother, I am a slave in Yangzhou with money. Can you pretend to be a beggar? You said you were poor, and he said you were afraid of being a policeman and pretending. (Yangzhou female cloud) It turns out that the two of them have put the bills that they owe others less money in recent years on me and asked me to pay them back. Dude, don't look at what I eat, look at what I wear. I need money. I would rather carry water slurry with your family, sweep the floor and mop the floor, and be a helper, and I will pay you back. (selling tea cloud) I feel distressed, distressed. You came as a man and you took care of me, so I asked you to be a helper and pay off the old debts. I don't even ask you for that money now, so what if I spare you? Brother, please spare me, and I will repay you as a donkey and a horse. (selling tea clouds) Come on, I'll spare you. Go ahead. (Yangzhou female cloud) Brother Xie, I came out of this door. The two of them left me here to sell things All the money they underpaid is on me. This brother should have spared me, otherwise what would have happened to me? Liu Longqing, Hu Zichuan, I have never seen you two evil disciples in my life. (The same below) (Dan Er Shang, Yun) My own Cui Ge and Yangzhou slaves went to the market to ask acquaintances, but they didn't come sooner or later. I'm waiting for the soup pot here. (Yangzhou slave, Yun) These two are so rude that they shut me up in the teahouse. They all left, and I was hungry all day. I'll go back to that broken kiln. (See the last section) (Dan eryun) Yangzhou slave, you are here. Sister-in-law, is the water in the pot boiled? (Dan eryun) I'm very hot. I want you to be satisfied with that Liu Qin Long and the bearded biography. What is my reason? Since you are desperate, you and I will go to Uncle Li's house to beg for a meal. Sister-in-law, you are talking there to beg. When my uncle saw me, he scolded me lightly and hit me again. If you want to go to your house, I dare not. (Dan Eryun) Yangzhou slave, you might as well do something. Let's go to my uncle's house first to find out. If my uncle is at home, I will go there by myself. If my uncle is not here, I will go in with you to meet my aunt. I'm sure I will have some travelling expenses. Sister-in-law, what you said is. When you get there, if your uncle is at home, you can go by yourself and see your uncle ask for a bowl of rice. When you are full, just pack up and bring me some leftovers. If my uncle is not at home, I will go in with you to see my aunt. Don't say the fare is enough to eat him. God, I'm not poor enough to kill me. (Same as Xia Daner) (Shang Bo Er, Yun) Old Li. Today, the old man went out early to see it at noon. Why didn't he come back? Next time, every time I arrange tea and rice, I dare to stay here sooner or later. (Yangzhou Nutong Daner) (Yangzhou Nuyun) Sister-in-law, we are at the door. You go first. If an uncle is at home, don't say I am here. If not, call me when you come out. (Dan eryun) I see. I'll go first. (See Pediatrics) (Bo Yun) How to put this beggar in next time? Aunt, my name is not Hua. My name is Cui Ge. (Boyun) Ah, you must be Cui. Why do you look like this? Aunt, Yangzhou slaves and I live in a broken tile kiln in the south of the city. It's killing me. (Boleyun) Bring him here. (Yun Dan) I called him. (Yangzhou slave is really sleeping) (Dan's name is Ke, Yun) He is sleeping, so I call him za. Yangzhou slave, Yangzhou slave! I'm going to hit you, ugly apprentice. Oh, my God, it aroused my good dreams. Just interesting. (Dan Eryun) What did you dream? (Yangzhou female cloud) I dreamed that I was upstairs in the moonlight, singing "Aguling" with the two people who left the scene. Sing from the beginning. (Dan Eryun) Remember this. Go and see your aunt. (Yangzhou slave sees Bo 'er crying) Aunt, pity me. Is uncle at home? He wanted to hit me when he came, so my aunt persuaded him. (Boyun) Boy, have you eaten? I need that meal. (Boyun) Next time, every small one, clean up the noodles first and eat them with the children. Boy, I'll feed you. Your uncle is not at home, you eat and you eat. (Yangzhou Slave Eating Noodles Branch) (Just arrived at the end, Yun) Whose son, a saddle-carved horse, suddenly got half drunk and sat down in Ma Rufei. A breeze blew the dust all over the street. Look, bah! I won't squint. (singing)

Zhong Lu Fendiye, a childless family, was born in a peaceful age without sorrow. Empty handsome is not vulgar. People who come out play the pipa and play the land, regardless of family background. Then find an old Confucian and learn some chapters of sages.

The drunken spring breeze didn't want to jump pills under the sun and the moon, so it rained all night. Now that I'm old, I'm forcing Sang Yu to count rotten wood. Then, poetry and calligraphy are teachers who are aware of the world, and loyalty and filial piety are the foundation of the foundation; This money is a gift.

(Cloud) Go home early. (singing)

Walking through the streets with crutches, step by step, to the door, is just a cry. (See Nunuco, Yangzhou, Yun) Who will eat noodles? (Yangzhou female Jing Ke, Yun) I'm going to die! (singing to the end) I suddenly looked up and saw this place, so I took a peek. Why is he so timid?

(Dan Eryun) Goodbye, uncle and wife! (At the end of the cloud) Stand back. (singing)

In fact, as a charming child and a young girl, I can't get rid of you. In fact, I can't get rid of your poor relative. This fellow has a thousand unreasonable places. If this fellow talks about five punishments, he must be punished. (There is a cloud) Yangzhou slave, won't you say anything? (Singing) I taught you to be a character and a rich man. How can you make irresponsible remarks behind your back?

(Cloud) You don't know my surname is Li and your surname is Zhao. What are our two relatives? (singing)

Why didn't you step on my door when you were embarrassed today? Why don't you look after those two? (Yangzhou slaves dare not go to school) (Zhengmoyun) Where to go? (singing) scared him to fight at full speed. What are you afraid of in front of me in Teguri? Then my little beggar soup was short of ginger vinegar.

(The last cloud) Don't put it down! Then eat roast sheep in your big restaurant. (Yangzhou slave is afraid of his family, so he will knock on the bowl. I'm not playing with family. Don't hit him. (Yangzhou slave is doing door work, Yun) Auntie, kill me, too! If you want to do business now, if you have no funds, you will find joint funds. (Boyun) Baby, I have always made money with you. Aunt (Yangzhou Nuyun) Don't worry, I will do business. Aunt, I bought a bag of charcoal with this money. (Boyun) What do you do, son? I sell charcoal. (Boyun) You sell charcoal, but what? (Yangzhou Nuyun) I have been investing, selling and earning. There are two bags of charcoal left. Send it to your aunt to dry your feet and make a fortune. (Boyun) I have it at home. Take it back and enjoy it. Aunt, I won't do business again. (Virtual down, get up again, call cloud) Selling vegetables! Green vegetables, Chinese cabbage, red root pods, coriander, carrots and onions! (Boyun) What business are you in, baby? Auntie, tell Uncle Duan that I am selling vegetables. (Boyun) Baby, you're here. I'll talk to my uncle. (See the last section, Bo Er, cloud) Old man, you are glad that we Yangzhou slaves make money by doing business. I don't believe it. What business do Yangzhou slaves do? (Yangzhou female cloud) Your child sells charcoal, and now you sell vegetables. (At the end of the cloud) You sell charcoal. Why do people say you're here? (Yangzhou slave cloud) Some people say that Yangzhou slaves are distressed by selling charcoal. When he was rich, the flame seemed to rise, but now he has no money and it collapses. (At the end of the cloud) What collapsed? (Yangzhou female cloud) The charcoal has collapsed. (At the end of the cloud) Look at this. (Yangzhou slave cloud) Yangzhou slave sells vegetables, and some people say that if they have money, they will accompany Liu Longqing, but today they have no money to bring that beard. (As the cloud says) Are you responsible for this dish? Uncle, why do you say such a thing? How dare you entrust such a huge capital to others? Where can I find him if he goes somewhere else? (At the end of the cloud) You go to the front street, which back lane? (Yangzhou female cloud) I am walking in the back alley of Qianjie. (At the end of the cloud) You are carrying a heavy load. Can you shout? (Yangzhou female cloud) How can people know there is food if they don't scream? (It's just the end of the cloud) Next time, all the young children will come to hear the name of Yangzhou's brother. (Yangzhou female cloud) Uncle Quan, if you want to listen, I'll go first. Listen behind my uncle and I'll call. Uncle, you drive the little one away next time. I sold this page. (At the end of the cloud) If you don't scream, I'll kill you! (Yangzhou female cloud) He yelled at me there and knew he was ashamed of me. I didn't scream, but he hit me again. He couldn't help shouting: green vegetables, cabbage, red root vegetables, carrots, parsley and onions! (as a sad department, cloud) Oh, my God! Shame on me! (It's the last cloud) What a poor man! (singing)

Hong Xiuxie, you are always at the bottom of the mandarin duck account, holding rain and clouds like that. Hey, kid, you can spray pearls and jade before that hawksbill banquet. You eat flowers and shadows all over. Today, I dragged my clothes with a basket, and I was not ashamed to call the general in the street.

Uncle, your children always don't listen to uncle's class. Today, he is poor. He knows that this money has made a difference and saved our province. (It's the last cloud) Who said that? (Yangzhou female cloud) Tell me about it. (Just beyond the cloud) Ouch, it doesn't hurt to kill me! (singing)

Dude, Fang Ting, wake up, Levin. Hey, drunkard, with these two baskets of cabbage, did you find the green grass here? (There is a cloud) Yangzhou slave. How much money did you find today? Yangzhou Female Cloud is the consistent capital. After selling for a day, I found consistency again. (Singing at the end) You can use this 500 yuan to buy some noodles and return them to the kiln. Can you buy the oil and salt sauce as soon as you turn it? (Yangzhou female cloud) What courage do you dare to eat salted pickles? (Singing to the end) Hey! Son, because this can't sell the rest of the dishes, (Yangzhou female cloud) will hurt the capital and have to sell them with some cold water. (Singing to the end) Then your five zang-organs gods can't be slaughtered today. (cloud) Yangzhou slave, you only buy some roast sheep to eat Bo? (Yangzhou female cloud) Dare not eat. (At the end of the cloud) Do you buy some fish to eat? Uncle, how much money do you have to buy fish to eat? (At the end of the cloud) Do you buy some meat to eat? (Yangzhou female cloud) also dare not buy food. (At the end of the cloud) You dare not buy food. What can you eat? (Yangzhou female cloud) Uncle Quan, I bought millet, and I dare not fry it. I'm afraid it's a loss Just pick the unsold leaves and cook them. Don't dip in salt sauce, just eat a bowl of light porridge. Mother-in-law, I asked Yangzhou slave to buy some fish to eat, but he said I was afraid to eat it. I asked you to buy some meat, but he said I was afraid to eat it. I'm afraid to eat. What do you eat? He made me eat light porridge. I said, do you eat light porridge? He said, I eat. (Singing) Mother-in-law, I have already known some road ahead, thinking about his sufferings in the broken tile kiln. (with a cloud) It is exactly: "It is hard for people to get this far without suffering." (Singing) Hey! Son, this is because you have to die.

Uncle, Youhai is a stubborn man, and it's hard to convince him. You can reflect on yourself when you are in danger today. (It's the last cloud) This fellow has said this all his life. Go home, son. If you follow me, I will make you a millionaire and a millionaire in less than three to five days. (singing)

The sorrow of this industry is endless. That poor pit is a bitter pill to swallow. If you can't escape from this industry, you can't jump out of the poor pit. (With Bo 'er) (Yangzhou Nvyun) Sister-in-law, I'm back. Oh, my God, kill me if you are not poor! (Tong Danxia) (Little Moni goes to the cloud) My own Li Xiaoge, my father took me to invite Zhao Xiaoge to sit at the table, but I came to the broken kiln in the south of the city early, and I couldn't help calling him: Zhao Xiaoge! (Yangzhou slave sees Ke and Yun on the same day) Little brother. Why are you here? (Xiaoyun is at the end) Little brother, dad's words are waiting for me. Please sit down tomorrow. (Yangzhou female cloud) Since my uncle invited me to drink, my husband and I will come. (Xiao Yunni) Brother, you must come to Bo early. (2) Sister-in-law, where did he buy me a drink? I know. Shame me. But my uncle invited me, so I can't go. When you get there, don't be idle. You can sweep the fields and scrape the ground with him, and I'll carry the water. Kill me if you're not poor! (the same below)

[Related Notes]

Anxiety: originally it was used to describe panic and trouble, but here it means poverty and trouble. Burn the ground to sleep, burn the ground to lie down: this is a synonym group used to describe the poor life of beggars in cold kilns. There is no bedding to keep out the cold, so you can only sleep under the floor heating. Enjoy: enjoy. The following "benefits" are enjoyment. Dou: Angry voice. Send away the singer Geng Miaolian: Pay for the singer Geng Miaolian to leave. Backgammon: A form of gambling. "Sun and Moon" sentence: It is a metaphor that time flies and life is easy to get old. Jumping pill: refers to the juggler throwing the ball with both hands and turning it up and down quickly. If things come: see the new dialect definition, which refers to things obtained unintentionally. Li Qinqin: Standing shivering. I can't help it: I can't stand it, I hate it. "Gossip" sentence: The description is wordy and irrelevant. Falling can be convenient, auxiliary, and sometimes equivalent to repetition. Teguri: Also known as Teguri's hometown, on purpose. "Gang Gang Gang" sentence: Gang Gang means hurry up. United currency: doubt means benefit. Virtual down, up again: the way to deal with the concept of time and space in ancient Chinese opera, that is, to express a long time interval through the actions of actors down and up. Here is the slave of Yangzhou who accepted the usual capital to do business and came back when he finished.

[Drama appreciation]

Through the story of the slave prodigal son in Yangzhou, Old East Tang persuaded the children of broken families, emphasized the idea that "success is due to bitterness, failure is due to extravagance", and educated the world, especially the rich children, to take warning and practice thrift, thus profoundly reflecting one aspect of urban life at that time. The third fold is the climax of the whole drama, which mainly shows the process of Yangzhou slave becoming a beggar and suffering from life before he repents. Through the mouth of Yangzhou slave, the author reveals the common experience and lessons of "it is difficult for an obsessive person to persuade, but he can reflect on things when he encounters them", which has a great influence on later works of the same theme.

It is not easy to persuade the prodigal son to turn back. The key is to seize the opportunity to turn back. The third discount is good because the author carefully designed this opportunity. From the wedge to the second fold, it mainly describes Yangzhou slave's stubborn character, spending money like water, not listening to dissuasion, so that his family business dried up and he became a beggar with nothing. He has experienced the hardships of life and suffered from embarrassment, which can not help but urge him to have the idea of repentance from the bottom of his heart. It is often said that only those who have been honed by hard life can understand that a happy life is hard to come by. The author seized the opportunity of the sudden change of Yangzhou slave's thought and personality, accurately constructed the drama plot of the third fold, and showed the natural trend of Yangzhou slave's transformation.

The third discount is * * * eight songs, and the rest are all dialogues. In this kind of passbook with more dialogues and fewer songs, it is particularly important to set contradictions to push the plot forward. The author adopts the structure of chain reaction and spiral rise. At the beginning, Yangzhou slave became a beggar, lived in a broken tile kiln in the south of the city, ate early, slept at home and lay on the ground every day, even burning firewood was "sweeping away some dry donkey dung". I am so poor that I am desperate. -"Stop that now, sister-in-law, I can't live any longer. I want to untie this rope and hang it on this branch. You are there, I am here, and I will hang them both. " Interestingly, all this is a monologue of Yangzhou slaves. Lu Xun said well that comedy is to tear ugly things to people. Isn't the performance of Yangzhou Slave a comedy? But his wife, Trager, didn't want to die. "You benefited from having money that day." "You can kill by hanging. Why should I?" . Therefore, there is no way to live and die, so we have to find a way.

Who are you looking for? The stubborn and unconvincing Yangzhou slave thought of "the two dogs" at this time. So the plot of the play turns to the scene where Yangzhou slave and Hu and Liu "two dog" are in the teahouse: Hu Zichuan and Liu Longqing are two ruffians who specialize in begging and extortion scandals, and they have no friendship at all. At this time, Yangzhou slave is no longer Zhao Xiaoge's son, a wealthy businessman in Yangzhou, but a poor beggar who has lost everything and lives in a cold kiln. This doomed the disillusionment of Yangzhou slaves. When Beard and Liu Longqing wanted to "find another advocate" to cheat, Yangzhou's slave asked them for help. As a result, the tea seller first called him a beggar, and then Hu and Liu pretended not to know each other and wanted to "drive the beggar out." Finally, they barely met, but framed the slaves of Yangzhou-Hu and Liu slipped away on the grounds of buying food for Yangzhou slaves. When they left, they quietly told the tea drinkers, "I lack your money, so I had to deal with it on him." "He is the rich master." It's really taking advantage of people's danger and hitting people when they are down. But this move really awakened Yangzhou slave, who further recognized the ugly face of "crazy friends and strange friends" he had known before, and accelerated his sobriety and repentance.

Here, we can't help applauding the ingenious ideas of the zaju writers. When Yangzhou slave's hope of "crazy friends and strange friends" was shattered, he was asked to see Dong Tang Lao again, which provided "natural" conditions for Dong Tang Lao to persuade Yangzhou slave to change his mind. That's what happened. The slaves in Yangzhou went to the market to meet Hu and Liu. As a result, they didn't eat dog meat and almost took the chain away. Yangzhou slave hungry for a day, back to the cold kiln, and want to die. What a mess. I had no choice but to bite the bullet and go to Dong Tang. Coincidentally, Dongtang was not at home, and my aunt took Yangzhou slaves. When Yangzhou slave was eating, Dong Tang Lao came back. This is another confrontation between the two sides of the conflict. Yangzhou slave was most afraid of Dongtang Lao, but Dongtang Lao taught Yangzhou slave a lesson as a strict teacher and elder. This is the climax of the drama climax. The author uses two tunes, picking silver lanterns and rattan vegetables, to highlight the atmosphere and environment and show Dong Tang's dignity as an elder. Before the Eastern Tang Dynasty, Yangzhou slaves were often beaten, but Yangzhou slaves had completely awakened at this time and he was determined to do business. In this way, with the help of Dong Tang, Yangzhou slaves started a small business. It was not until he suffered all the hardships that he realized the importance of turning over a new leaf. So he used his usual money as capital, selling charcoal first and then selling vegetables. He is in a hurry and dare not neglect. Here, the author uses two methods to deal with the concept of time and space, that is, "virtual down, then up", to reproduce the scene of Yangzhou people waking up and hating the night and working hard. Concise and ingenious, short and meaningful, symbolic.

So, can we say that the play should stop here? I can't. Because Yangzhou slave is a rich businessman's son who has to ride a horse even to go to the toilet, and he is an idle and hopeless street tramp, how can he get better all at once? Therefore, the play also wrote the re-examination of Yangzhou slaves by Dong Tang Lao. Dong Tang always deliberately let Yangzhou slaves peddle in front of their former "page" to see if he is sincere. This is similar to the old man's treatment of Sean in Regret for the Past, which makes the zaju swing in the climax and set off a wave. Thus, it shows the determination and action of Yangzhou slaves to repent and turn over a new leaf from all aspects. Although trivial, the details are handled properly. Without this stroke, we can't vividly reproduce the specific performance of Yangzhou slaves' sudden return, which will leave an undue blank for zaju, and we can't draw the warning that "it is difficult for stubborn people to persuade, but they can reflect on themselves in times of crisis". Yangzhou slaves have both repentance and ideological understanding, and the third fold of zaju is over. It shows that the author's conception is rigorous and the knitting method is fine. This ending conforms to the logic of plot development and real life. It is the true color of lines, simple and natural.

Focusing on the character conflict forms a dramatic conflict, especially in Dong Tang Lao. The East Tang Dynasty has always been the character image that the play focuses on. He "read a few lines of Confucian classics in his childhood" and "lived in Yangzhou Dongmen Pailou Lane for business". Diligence, frugality and loyalty are the main roles throughout the play. In the play, he tried his best to describe and praise his loyal behavior of educating young people and redeeming property for friends. Although this figure is the embodiment of feudal moral ideal, it is vividly written and the image is touching. This is because the author did not idealize and conceptualize him, but described him as a real person and described him in the process of the development of the drama plot. When he accepted his friend Zhao's "trusteeship", he missed his friend wholeheartedly and repeatedly advised Yangzhou slaves to turn over a new leaf. However, Yangzhou slaves are stubborn, bent on their own way, and even continue to squander by deception. For such a person, Dong Tanglao still patiently exhorts him to "wake up drunk and indulge in dreams" and "the father is watching his ambition, but the father is not watching his actions". Like a meticulous gardener, he is carefully observing the prodigal son who has seriously lost his footing and carefully caring for the growth of the next generation. Third, although he appeared late, his opening remarks were enough to see what he cared about. "Whose son, a saddle-carved horse, was half drunk at once, sitting in Ma Rufei, blowing two sleeves of spring breeze and throwing dust all over the street." The next two songs are the psychological activities triggered by the old people in the East Tang Dynasty who saw this phenomenon. Zhong You's infatuation is entirely the sigh and blame of a feudal old man when he saw that young people were not doing their proper jobs and were addicted to alcohol: they grew up in the "peaceful and prosperous times" and became "unconventional", but they could only "play the lute and play both sides" and live regardless of their family fate. Not to mention "find an old and famous Confucian and learn some sages". Drunk spring breeze is the regret and inner feeling of Dong Tang old people when they see the world getting better and better. This is actually a supplement to the previous article. Time is fleeting. It rained all night. Although I am near Sang Yu, I am old and useless, but I deeply realize that "poetry is a teacher who realizes the world, and loyalty and filial piety are the foundation of my life", and money is not something you can get. These are exactly what children can't understand. A few short sentences have shown the character's ideological character.

In the eyes of Yangzhou slaves, Dong Tang Lao seems to be a strict elder, who respects and fears him. This is due to the contradiction between his debauchery and the strictness of the old orthodoxy in the Eastern Tang Dynasty. Is Dong Tang always just a person with a straight face, indifferent attitude and lack of love? Not exactly. When Dong Tang Lao just discovered that slaves from Yangzhou had come to his home, he couldn't help feeling angry and accused. Unexpectedly, this reaction made the slaves in Yangzhou want to escape. At this time, the vine vegetables that Dong Tang always sang, under the harsh surface, showed the care and love for the next generation implied by the elders. "Teguri, what are you afraid of in front of me? Then my little beggar's soup lacks soy sauce and vinegar." This is clearly telling him not to go. How interesting!

Dong Tang Lao is still a knowledgeable and cautious person. Yangzhou slave suffered a lot, determined to turn back and put it into action. This is a happy thing. However, it is not easy for Dong Tang Lao to determine, and he will continue to test Yangzhou slaves. First, the "red test", and then the "get the book" test. As a result, Yangzhou slaves were forced to truly reflect and repent from the depths of their thoughts. Finally, when Yangzhou slave said, "Your child is a stubborn person, it is difficult to convince him. You can reflect on yourself when you are in danger today. " He was really relieved. So he helped Yangzhou slaves jump out of the "sea of industry" and "poor pit" and embark on the "right path" However, the author can't jump out of the soil of feudal society after all. All the actions of the old man in the Eastern Tang Dynasty were branded with feudal ethics, which made this character image greatly inferior. However, Dong Lao's diligent and pioneering work, exhorting prodigal son, loyalty and loyalty and other behaviors and qualities still have very positive significance to us.

Yangzhou slave is the foil figure in the play, which is specially set as the artistic image of the old East Tang Dynasty. The Third Compromise Although he has many activities, they are all for "looking forward and looking back" in drama creation. On the one hand, it echoes the old expectation of Dongtang in the second fold. "Yangzhou slave, if you don't listen to me, you will soon be called Hua Ye." On the one hand, it paves the way for the following article to lead to the character of "introspection in danger", and the author's portrayal of him is also very successful. Although he didn't do his job well and lost his family, he was not hopeless. He associates with Hu and Liu, but he is a weak man. He can't control himself. He is a fooled and deceived character. This also determines the inevitable result of his abandonment. His loyalty to Cui Ge, his fear of Dong Tang Lao and so on. It shows that he went astray, largely because of his "obsession"-his essence is not bad. This laid the foundation for his recovery. This vivid figure left a deep impression on us. He is not only a negative textbook, but also teaches us the way to educate the prodigal son to return. In addition, Hu Zichuan, Liu Longqing and others, although they don't have much time on the court, have been dyed by the author several times, and the images of falling rain and splashing skin are active on paper. All these show the author's ingenuity in the use of guest white and the description of details.

The third discount, singing more than singing. This kind of play is difficult to write and act. However, this kind of folding is lively, interesting and fascinating. There are four reasons: first, the author grasps the events related to every household in life, which is very typical; The second is to accurately grasp the opportunity to urge the prodigal son to turn back, which is very enlightening; Third, the plot develops in a chain, with twists and turns, which is very dramatic; Fourthly, Bai Bin is natural, vivid and humorous, and has a strong interest.