Why is the raw material of animal feed corn instead of wheat? If you know, can you help me analyze the difference of nutritional components?

Difference of nutritional value between wheat and corn and feasibility of wheat replacing corn

Author: Hong Ping, Wu Bencheng Source: original articles on this site: 3 1

Hong Ping, Wu Bencheng, Liu, Li Xiaomai

(Anyou Institute, Tianjin Anyou Feed Technology Co., Ltd., Tianjin 300000)

As the main energy feed, corn is mainly produced in the northeast and Huanghuai of North China, accounting for more than 40% of the feed formula. As an energy feed, wheat is mainly produced in Huanghuai area of North China. At present, there is a large amount of surplus grain in the vast rural areas in the north. With the successful completion of wheat summer harvest, the current price of wheat is lower than that of corn. Some pig farms and farmers require wheat instead of corn to raise pigs. In areas where the price of wheat is lower than that of corn, it is completely possible to feed growing pigs with wheat instead of corn. The fat pig grows fast, the feed reward is high and the economic benefit is remarkable. Using economic and effective processing technology and biotechnology can improve the feeding value of wheat, and at the same time, studying the reasonable proportion of wheat in different stages of animal feed is a subject of in-depth research in animal nutrition circles in China.

1 Nutritional differences between wheat and corn

1. 1 Main components of wheat

Protein content of wheat is higher than that of corn, but its amino acid composition is similar to that of corn, and its energy is lower than that of corn. The digestibility of wheat is similar to that of corn, and the total digestible nutrients are similar to that of corn. In terms of mineral content, calcium, phosphorus and manganese are slightly more than corn, but in terms of vitamins, carotene and vitamin D are insufficient, vitamin B 1 is more, vitamin B2 is less, and nicotinic acid is more than corn. However, wheat contains a certain anti-nutritional factor-NSP (non-starch polysaccharide), and water-soluble NSP is the main anti-nutritional factor of wheat, which affects the application effect of wheat in animal husbandry production. Therefore, strengthening the research on the anti-nutritional mechanism of wheat NSP and reducing its anti-nutritional effect has become the main means to improve animal feed intake, nutrient digestion and absorption and production efficiency.

1.2 Main components of corn

Corn is a feed material with the highest energy among common grains, and its oil content is twice that of wheat and barley, but its protein, fiber and mineral content are less than that of wheat. Linoleic acid content is as high as 2%, which is the highest in grain feed. If the proportion of corn in the diet is above 50%, only corn can meet the requirement of linoleic acid for pigs. The amino acids are unbalanced, and the contents of lysine, tryptophan and methionine are insufficient. There is more fat-soluble vitamin E in vitamins.

2 feeding characteristics of wheat

2. 1 palatability

The palatability of wheat to pigs is better than that of corn, which can partially replace corn in the diet of commercial pigs. Domestic animals have good palatability to wheat, but because its grains are small and hard, it is best to grind them 2.5 mm when feeding pigs, which is not palatable.

Kangha (1997) also pointed out that wheat is more suitable for pigs than corn. However, because the viscosity of wheat starch is stronger than that of corn, if wheat is crushed too fine, pigs will have life after eating it, and its palatability is very poor. Long-term consumption of a large number of wheat grains leads to gastrointestinal ulcers and other diseases. After absorbing water, it is too fine to form gluten, which affects digestion and absorption. The gelatinization temperature of wheat starch is the lowest in seeds, about 53℃ ~ 64℃, and that of corn starch is about 6 1℃ ~ 72℃. The high content of protein in wheat can save some protein feed, reduce the back fat thickness, and the unsaturated fatty acid is lower than that in corn, which can improve the ketone body quality, especially suitable for finishing pigs in the later stage. It is necessary to improve the digestibility of wheat by exogenous compound enzyme preparation. The mycotoxin content of wheat is lower than that of corn. Due to the flood in southern China this year, corn is more polluted by mycotoxins than wheat.

2.2 the use of wheat in pig diet

Wu Ying et al. (2003) replaced corn with 30% wheat, which reduced the feed cost by 3.11%~ 4.14% per weight gain. Ding Chao et al. (2007) used 50% wheat instead of corn to feed middle-aged pigs, the daily gain was 9 1. 1 g higher than that of the experimental group, and the feed cost was saved by about 45 yuan. Studies by Li Zhanrong (2004) and others show that 45% wheat is the best substitute for corn when compound enzyme preparation is added.

The suitable proportion of wheat in pig diet depends on the age, physiological stage, feed composition and feeding level of pigs. The younger the pig is, the higher the proportion of essential fatty acids and threonine in the diet, and the lower the proportion of wheat consumption; The amount of wheat in the diet of growing pigs is less, that of fattening pigs is more, and that of lactating sows is less; When high-quality animal protein and soybean protein are used as protein sources in pig diet, the proportion of wheat consumption can be relaxed appropriately; When the level of pig production is low, the consumption of wheat can be large. In pig feed, the general proportion of wheat replacing corn is: piglet 10% ~ 20%, medium pig 20% ~ 40%, big pig 40% ~ 60%, pregnant sow 20% ~ 30%. Wheat should be replaced gradually, not all at once, otherwise the sudden change of raw materials will bring pressure to pigs and cause unnecessary losses.

3. Processing requirements of wheat as pig feed

Pigs generally require fine feed granularity for piglets, and the feed granularity increases with the increase of pig age. Because wheat grinding is too fine, it will form mucus, which will affect the feed intake and digestibility, so its grinding particle size should be larger than that of energy feed such as corn. According to the research of Seerly et al. (1998), the fine grain size of wheat in the diet of weaned piglets is 0.83 ~ 0.98 mm, 0.86 ~ 0.89 mm and1.4/~1.7. 3896866

4 Wheat cost and regional advantages

In terms of feed cost, in June this year, the highest price of corn in Jiangsu was 2080 yuan per ton, and that in Guangdong and South China was more than 2200 yuan per ton, while the price of wheat was stable at around 1.900 yuan per ton. From the economic point of view, when the price of wheat is lower than that of corn by 60 yuan per ton, wheat can be used to replace corn, and when the price of wheat is lower than that of corn by 100 yuan per ton, wheat can be used to replace corn in large quantities, and wheat enzyme preparation can be added at the same time. Formula cost can be saved per 1% wheat, 2.4 yuan. If you use 40% wheat, you can save 96 yuan per ton. Moreover, wheat and corn have seasonal differences and can be added in different seasons.

5 conclusion

Feeding pigs with wheat instead of corn can solve the contradiction that the pig industry completely needs to import corn from other places. When the price of corn and wheat are out of balance, or in areas where corn is insufficient, it is feasible to use wheat-based diet and wheat-specific enzymes to reduce feed costs and increase pig-raising benefits. (References omitted)

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