The background of Figaro's wedding

Pierre Augustin Caron de Beaumarchais was the most important French playwright in the second half of the18th century. The appearance of Pierre Augustin Caron de Beaumarchais's comedy means the transition from classical comedy to bourgeois comedy. 1789, the bourgeois revolution broke out. The bourgeoisie realized the role of drama as a means of propaganda in the revolution and put forward the slogan "drama should educate the people". The revolutionaries also plan to build a people's theatre. 179111October 3 1, the constitutional assembly announced the abolition of the royal drama censorship system and promised freedom of performance. During this year, dozens of theaters applied for opening, among which * * * and China Theater are famous for their special performances of new plays supporting the revolution. During this period, a large number of tragedies and current affairs dramas were created to cooperate with or directly publicize revolution and revolutionary war. The bourgeois revolution made the actors finally gain citizenship, completely ending the tragic situation of discrimination and bullying in the past; The playwrights association was established to protect the legitimate rights and interests of playwrights. Pierre Augustin Caron de Beaumarchais's The Wedding of Figaro is the second part of his trilogy Figaro in 1930s. It premiered at the French Theatre in Paris on April 27th, 1784, when France was on the eve of the Great Revolution. This comedy has played a great role in exposing and satirizing feudal nobles. Although the comedy was very popular all over Europe, Austrian Emperor Joseph II banned it from being staged in Vienna.

Lorenzo da Ponte, a screenwriter invited by Mozart, was a court poet at that time. Because of repeated efforts, in the second year, in order to alleviate some domestic shocks, the emperor orally approved the adaptation of the opera to be staged. Mozart spent a year composing music. When he wrote this opera, he kept the basic idea of the original. The sharp contrast between the foolish and dissolute aristocratic master and the clever servant who won the victory is the basis of the whole plot development and music description.

1786, The Wedding of Figaro premiered at the Austrian National Theatre in Vienna. Due to the sensitive theme of the play, the domestic nobles were greatly indignant during the performance. Although the emperor personally appreciated this work, he was forced to ask Mozart to delete it many times. German version staged in Berlin 1790.

The Marriage of Figaro is the most famous of Mozart's many operas, the pinnacle of Mozart's operas and the most familiar one for China fans. This opera, written in 1786, is an introduction to Mozart's opera.

The Marriage of Figaro is still one of the most frequently performed operas in major opera houses. It is still a classic that many viewers will never forget, just like natural singing and complicated relationship between men and women, just like wrestling, endless tricks and dialogue with disordered roles. The dazzling speed of progress brings out the situation of you coming and going between men and women, the confusion caused by various agreements and commitments, and the interesting stories of who sings love songs to whom and who is not. With the technological progress of the modern stage, every time I watch this drama, I have a brand-new experience.

First publication

Publishing House: Altalia Publishing House.

Publisher: Hoffmeister.

About the premiere

In the first rehearsal of this opera in 1786, the famous baritone singer Banucci played the leading role of Figaro. Banucci's singing skills are extremely loud, especially when singing the most popular aria "Men Should Be Soldiers" in this opera, Banucci's beautiful timbre was brought into full play and achieved touching results. Mozart, who was standing by conducting the band, couldn't help whispering to Benucci, "Benucci, what a good singer!" As soon as this aria was over, all the people standing on the stage and all the members of the band couldn't help cheering for Mozart: "Great, great! Music master! Long live the great Mozart! " According to the memoirs of a singer at that time, the situation of the first official performance of the play was very enthusiastic, and almost every beautiful and moving aria in the play was required to be sung again, so that the performance time exceeded twice the original time.

Related interesting things

At the beginning of writing "The Wedding of Figaro", the court musician who was jealous of Mozart reported to the Austrian emperor that Mozart was writing an opera about Figaro. At that time, this theme was forbidden by the emperor. Mozart danced to introduce the idea of this masterpiece to the emperor. He said, your majesty, this is a story about love, and it is a very interesting love story. The Austrian emperor yawned while rehearsing "The Wedding of Figaro", and then watched the opera for four hours in high spirits. Mozart on the orchestra pit podium certainly didn't notice the details of the emperor yawning. He was absorbed in the opera and sweated until the end of the performance, exhausted.

Antonioni told Mozart afterwards that if the emperor yawned three times in four hours, your opera would be finished and there would be no more performances.

With karajan.

At that time, a small troupe called malm wanted to recruit a conductor to rehearse The Wedding of Figaro. /kloc-karajan, 0/9 years old. Although it is a small band with only 265,438+0 people, there is one condition for him to be hired, that is, the person in this position must hold a German Nazi party card. Facing fate and Mozart's call, karajan joined the Nazi Party branch and got the party card with the number of 34309 14. He kept this party card until 1944, which means that he became a Nazi in 1 1 year. Thanks to the party card, karajan was soon appointed as the music director of Axla Syaber, thus becoming the youngest German conductor at that time.