Postgraduate entrance examination for economic majors

The setting of postgraduate economics discipline in China at present

First-level discipline: 020 1 theoretical economics

020 10 1: Political Economy 020 102: History of Economic Thought 020 103: Economic History.

020 104: Western Economics 020 105: World Economy 020 106: Population, Resources and Environmental Economics.

First-level discipline: 0202 Applied Economics

02020 1: National Economics 020202: Regional Economics 020203: Finance 020204: Finance 020205: Industrial Economics.

020206: International Trade 020207: Labor Economics 020208: Statistics 020209: Quantitative Economics 0202 10: National Defense Economy.

Finance and the world economy:

At least in 10, finance (including insurance and financial engineering, financial management) and world economy should be majors with relatively good prospects. One of my classmates was admitted to the world economy of Sun Yat-sen University. All directions of the world economy are related to international enterprise management, and the way out is very good.

First: At present, our country's financial system lacks solid graduate students and doctors in modern finance. Some people say that financial saturation is definitely not the case. Saturated is the undergraduate level. There is not only a strong demand for graduate students, but also a few masters themselves. And now graduate students in finance are diverted. Many multinational companies and large domestic companies have begun to have a strong demand for graduate students majoring in finance. Even TCL, Haier and Hisense attach great importance to financial graduate students who can do quantitative analysis (especially in the direction of risk management), especially financial engineering graduate students have advantages. It can be predicted that the demand for financial graduate students will definitely not drop too much in the next 10 year. Now most schools have stopped expanding the enrollment scale of finance. So choosing finance is still a good choice.

Second, the world economy, like finance, is still very promising. Although the world economy is theoretically international finance and international trade, it is unreasonable for China to classify it as theoretical economics. At present, the world economy majors in many schools actually attach great importance to the combination of theory and practice, and Fudan University, Sun Yat-sen University and Nankai University all attach great importance to this aspect. Several graduate students from Nankai Institute of International Economics went to the HSBC Bank in Beijing. One of them worked in Fujian Industrial Bank for one year and jumped there to be an assistant to the president of the head office, and soon became a vice president. Graduate students of world economy have a strong theoretical foundation in international finance and business, as well as international trade and business, which is very suitable for both practice and analysis. At present and in the next few years, the most sensitive issues in China are exchange rate and trade surplus. These two problems are intertwined. These two problems are directly related to the life and death of enterprises. Therefore, companies and enterprises have the greatest demand for this major. It is very wise to choose the world economy if you want to make a difference in enterprise strategic management and consulting, international financial practice and foreign exchange management.

Industrial economy: At present, governments and enterprises all over the world pay more and more attention to industrial organizations.

Many students don't know what industrial economics is, but they just listen to hearsay and rush to apply for the exam. There is no major in industrial economics in western countries, but what they study is industrial organization, which is actually enterprise theory. Domestic enterprise management is similar, but industrial organization is deeper than enterprise management. For example, some netizens mentioned that industrial economics (industrial organization) has a deeper theoretical basis than enterprise management. Enterprise management knows product pricing, but industrial economics. ..

Fudan University has an industrial organization major, among which there is a cow guide like Zhang Jun! Industrial (economic) organizations are very promising. Business management is very popular. Students who want to engage in business management but don't want to fail can choose the major of industrial organization. However, Fudan is the only one with this major in China. They studied it very carefully. In fact, Shangcai's industrial economics is mainly engaged in industrial organization. Sun Yat-sen University and the National People's Congress are both good. You can go to various schools to check.

Most non-famous universities still stick to the traditional industrial economics, that is, the adjustment of industrial structure, which is very macro and almost the same as ordinary people. If you want to go to government agencies, banks and securities companies, Taoism is a good choice. They need students from these two majors to do industry analysis and macroeconomic trend analysis, which is called fundamental analysis. In China, the fundamental analysis of the capital market is more important than the technical analysis, because China's macro-control is too powerful. ! !

Ethnic economics

This is similar to traditional industrial economics. It mainly focuses on industrial development, macro-control, economic modeling and economic forecasting. Entering government departments, you can also enter banks and securities companies to do fundamental analysis. However, some schools, such as Fudan University of the National People's Congress, voted for economics, which is very good.

Western economics and political economics;

Many people rush to apply for western economics, but ignore political economics. From the point of view of learning, all schools in these two majors are similar, and the employment is similar, which is ok, of course, the prestigious schools are better.

Especially in western classics and political economy, there is a micro-level direction. There are good directions in western classics, such as microeconomics, industrial organization, enterprise theory and corporate governance. Political economy also has a good direction, such as enterprise theory and securities investment. In fact, the major is not very important, but the professional direction is the most important. Employers don't attach great importance to your major, especially banks and securities companies. They value your major and school more.

Labor economics:

Most students look down on this major! ! ! ! ! ! I have always thought that labor economics is the study of labor and coolies! The main reason is that it doesn't sound good Probably because many people despise labor. It can be said that labor economics, like financial engineering, is a very promising major, and the current employment situation trend can also illustrate this point.

Labor economics actually studies how to design the direction of enterprise's incentive mechanism design, human capital investment and social security. All schools recruit few students and the competition is not fierce. Everyone should grasp the current situation and development direction of society to choose a major. Here, I'd like to raise a special question about this major.

This major can be said to be a relatively theoretical human resource management. It has more theoretical depth than human resource management. As we all know, an enterprise, a company, hundreds, thousands or even tens of thousands of people, how do you supervise other departments to work hard for you and maximize your profits? To put it bluntly, how do you try to extract their surplus value? As we all know, salary is the main cost of an enterprise. Marx's theory on the organic composition of capital is absolutely classic. Don't think he is crazy! ! ! With the improvement of the organic composition of capital, the profit rate will definitely drop, and wages are generally rising at present. So how can enterprises improve their profits or at least ensure that they do not drop too much? I'm afraid you don't know that the profit margin of China's manufacturing industry is only 2% to 5%! Perhaps, as the famous economist Lang Xianping said, there are too many loopholes in China's exchange rate policy. Once the United States finds the right time to engage in some exchange rate attacks, the country's profits will all be eaten up! There are nearly 200 billion foreign exchange in China's balance of payments account, and the source is unknown.

So, how to adjust the relationship between management and labor? How can enterprises ensure their profit rate through such coordination? This is the task of labor economics (human resource management) or corporate governance. At this point, it can be said that labor economics is in the same strain as corporate governance in industrial organization and enterprise management.

Labor economics also studies human capital investment. Many enterprises are reluctant to invest in human capital because it is likely to become sunk cost. If you have the opportunity, you can go to the talent market to feel it. Do you think those ordinary enterprises will recruit fresh graduates (especially graduate students)? They won't, or very little, or give you 800 a month. Can you do it? However, a company that does not pay attention to human capital investment is definitely not a good enterprise and has no future. But how to design this task? This is the task of labor economics. It is not simply to recruit a lot of people to save and count! ! !

From the above two aspects, labor economics usually enters enterprises and consulting companies.

A very important direction in labor economics is social security. Labor is glorious. Even if we become white-collar workers and gold collars in the future, we are only working, but engaged in complex labor. Labor needs compensation. At present, our country's social security system is very imperfect, which is directly related to social stability, 40% of the national high savings, domestic demand, the healthy development of real estate, and the transformation of economic growth mode. ! I won't go into details here. In other words, labor economics can enter the economic management department of the government.

Generally speaking, this major generally enters consulting companies, human resources management departments of enterprises (enterprises here include general productive enterprises and banks, securities companies, futures companies, funds ...) and government departments.

Quantitative economics and statistics

Some students are very concerned about these two majors. It can be said that there is not much difference between the two majors, but the names are different. As far as I know, statistics is better for employment than quantitative economics, because the major of quantitative economics has only been established for a few years, and there are few schools with doctoral programs, like 18, and few people are recruited. Many employers have never heard of it and don't know what it does.

Everyone knows that the development direction of modern economics and finance is quantitative analysis. This is correct.

But it can be said that quantitative economics and statistics are more about learning mathematics, and some schools even stick to mathematics too much, often ignoring the significance of economics. This is a little different from financial engineering, which actually doesn't require advanced mathematics. Many schools only follow the book in quantitative economics. This major is really young. Tsinghua, Jida, Central China and the National People's Congress have done better in China. Now they have received financial education. Financial education used to be good, but now there is a Tian Guoqiang. However, it is probably impossible to achieve the results led by Tian Guoqiang in just a few years. China is different from the west. The turtles are too young (it seems that Zheng Xu is stronger and works on Wall Street).

What complex variable function, functional analysis, measure theory in quantitative economics ..... are the main courses of mathematics. This is very difficult. Therefore, the quantitative and statistical examinations almost span the past of mathematics majors. It is very hard to learn quantity and statistics in the postgraduate stage, and it is even more difficult to learn it well. Many students get dizzy when they meet math class. They should not only learn mathematics, but also write programs and build mathematical models. Familiar with those applications. I once asked a doctoral supervisor in the School of Statistics, and he said that complex function, functional analysis and measure theory may not be used in quantitative economics ..... but they are still needed to learn well and make modeling convenient. But complex function, functional analysis and measure theory are only the basis of advanced applied statistics.

In fact, econometrics is a little broader than econometrics. There is no such major in the west, but it was established by China people themselves. When it developed in the 1990s, it encountered many unsolvable problems, some of which were totally against the reality. Many economists began to doubt the limitations of econometrics. Quantitative science (econometrics) is still developing slowly and gradually.

After all, economics is not mathematics. Many economists say that economics is not mathematics, and mathematics is only a tool of economics. However, we find that western economists use advanced mathematics too much. In China, Chen Ping of CCER even covered linear dynamics in physics. Most people in the industry disagree. Lin Yifu is the best economist in China, but he opposes the abuse of mathematics.

Economics is a social discipline, in fact, it studies economic relations, and it is the interest relationship between people. So too much use of mathematics will make economics lose its meaning. Many economists such as Smith, Marx and Coase are very proficient in mathematics, but Marx did not use advanced mathematics in Das Kapital. Coase, the top master in the history of economics, didn't use any mathematics when he proved his Coase theorem, but his paper is very logical and has no flaws. Many people (especially young people) think that Marx's Das Kapital is outdated, worthless and nonsense. Actually, it's not. Those who have not fully read and understood Das Kapital think it is nonsense and out of date. Western economists are now paying more and more attention to Das Kapital and agreeing with many of his viewpoints. Because the western Confucian classics encountered many unsolvable problems due to their own value orientation mistakes in the development process. In the United States, there are too many economists and there is not much to do, so they deliberately design many advanced mathematical models to publish papers and win prizes. In fact, many models have no practical value, let alone in China. China and the United States have more different national conditions. For example, in many western economic models, it is unrealistic to get a big country like China with a population of 65.438+0.4 billion. Especially in the field of transportation, the traffic on holidays is suddenly full, and you can't control it. ....

Choosing quantity and statistics means choosing to deal with data and mathematics all your life. The work of these two majors is usually analytical research. If you want to do economic research, you'd better teach in a university. Economists and Nobel Prize winners in the world are almost quantitative. I have read their master's thesis on quantitative economics, which is full of mathematical symbols, equations and integrals. .....

In addition to actuarial science, quantity and statistics have the highest threshold among all economic majors, especially quantity. Therefore, students who want to apply for these two majors should consider it clearly first. What is your math foundation? Are you interested in mathematics? I'm afraid it's hard to learn well without interest. Do you like dealing with numbers and mathematical models all day? Are you ready for hard work? Girls should especially think carefully.

The general employment direction of quantitative statistics is to teach in universities and do research in research institutions. In recent years, banks and securities companies have also begun to have demand. It should be said that employment is still possible.

Profession is not equal to occupation, which is often said by people who have experienced it. The major doesn't decide what kind of unit you go to, but mainly depends on your personal ability, as long as the general direction is correct. We know that securities companies generally want to major in financial securities, law, accounting and computer, but there is a great demand for industrial economy, national economy, western economics and political economy. These majors go in to do market research and do fundamental analysis; And if you study investment economics in these majors, you can also do technical analysis. Employers don't care much about your major. What others care about is your practical ability and school, your fundamental analysis ability, technical analysis ability, English level and management coordination ability. Of course, sometimes according to the characteristics of the post, personal appearance is more important. Schools play a great role. In school, even if your major is not very popular, you can choose the courses you are interested in to improve yourself according to your own interests, and you can choose your graduation thesis freely. In famous universities, 70% of the master's thesis in economics is about finance. In addition, good schools often have great people to give lectures. What they give you is not professional knowledge, but everyone's thoughts and ideas (economists, entrepreneurs, bankers). This is quality education! ! You will benefit a lot, and it can't be measured by money. Many good companies are very concerned about what school you came from, which is one of the most important reasons.

In addition, labor economics can also be used in bank securities companies, mainly in personnel management.

In fact, industrial economy, national economy, western economics and political economy have relatively more advantages in entering bank securities companies because they know more about fundamental analysis. However, in securities investment and various businesses of banks, technical analysis sometimes cannot solve problems and must rely on fundamental analysis. Of course, if you enter enterprises, government departments, industrial economy, national economy, western economics and political economy, you will have more advantages.

Professional hot and cold is relative, and the world economy and finance are really good, but this does not mean that industrial economy, national economy, western economics and political economy are poor. With regard to quantity and statistics, it is not bad, but actually good. As I said just now, personal ability is the most important. But these two majors are relatively the most difficult to learn. Students who want to apply for these two majors should be prepared for hardship. Mathematics and models are boring, just like actuarial science.

Many students are very concerned about which major is popular and which major has more applicants. Those who want to take the popular exam, because they believe that the truth is in the hands of most people, are unwilling to take the risk that they may regret taking the relatively unpopular major in the future. Personally, I think it is completely unnecessary. Many people don't have their own opinions, ideas and judgments. They pin their hopes on others and don't want to take risks. If so, I'm afraid they are not suitable for economics. Because economics, especially those related to investment, deals with risks.

Therefore, I suggest that you directly consult the teachers in the Department of Economics, and then choose your major according to your own interests.

Some students like micro-level, and they can choose enterprise theory and industrial organization in western economics and political economy; Industrial organization and management in industrial economics; Commercial bank management, corporate finance and financial engineering in finance; Human resource management in labor economics: If mathematics is good enough and you are prepared for hardship, you can choose financial econometrics and financial engineering in quantitative economics.

Some students who like macro can choose the corresponding macro direction in western classics, political economy, national economy, industrial economy, world economy, finance and taxation, and regional economy; You can also choose securities investment in finance, national economic accounting in quantitative economics and statistics, macroeconomic econometric model and its application, economic prediction and so on.

The general principle is: interest first, invincible ability, for the purpose of examination.

Source: ky education network. I hope it helps you!