Looking for 1987 "Green Sorrow" in the Tri-color Report of Daxinganling Fire in China Youth Daily.

Only two articles can be sent if the word exceeds 10000.

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(black hymn)

one

Shandong piston factory is located in Binzhou, a small town in the lower reaches of the Yellow River. 1992 won the "seven consecutive championships" in the national appraisal, and its products sold well in the United States, Japan and Europe. Now, smoke rises above the piston factory, and the piston becomes a "fire plug" ...

This is the first major fire in Shandong Province in 1993.

This is the biggest fire in Binzhou history.

The employees of Shandong Piston Factory will never forget this tragic scene: the shiny aluminum alloy pistons are beyond recognition, and some of them have actually melted; The iron cover covering the motor is seriously deformed; Precision CNC machine tools are paralyzed ... they resent the perpetrators and curse the evil fire demon. Over the years, how much pride, comfort and fisherman's joy the great ship of piston factory has brought to them! However, just at the critical moment when they set up China Bohai Piston Group ambitiously, just after New Year's Day and the upcoming Spring Festival, disaster came.

Is heaven merciless, or is it natural?

Shandong Pistons are very confused.

The burning smoke is drifting away, which arouses people's complex feelings of confusion, anger, sympathy or snickering. ...

two

The tired and sleepy fire brigade received the distress signal again. ...

1993 65438+15: 40 on October 5.

The officers and men of the squadron directly under Binzhou Fire Brigade dragged their tired bodies back to the station. The fire in the cotton fiber factory at the Yellow River Repair and Prevention Department in Binzhou just put out, with a loss of less than 1 0,000 yuan, will not attract special attention if it is reported to any level. But they worked hard to preserve it, and it took six hours. Now I can finally rest. Many soldiers fell asleep without washing. ...

Only 15 minutes later, 1 19, the most nervous and sensitive nerves in our society were violently shaken-

"Shandong piston factory is on fire!"

After 40 seconds, the officers and men set foot on the journey again.

Shandong Piston Factory is located in the northeast of the fire squadron, with a distance of 1. 1 km. In the blink of an eye, two fire engines arrived at the fire. According to the safeguard section of the factory, the fire broke out in the first workshop of the fifth branch of the piston factory. The equipment in this workshop is imported from abroad and operated by microcomputer, which is highly mechanized. The value of the whole workshop exceeds100000 yuan. Now, it has been completely shrouded in smoke.

After a quick reconnaissance, squadron commander Sun Zhigang decided to park a car at the west gate of the workshop. One of his water guns attacked from the west gate, another water gun went around the south gate to put out the fire, and the second car stopped at the fire hydrant on the ground 50 meters south of the workshop for water supply. At this time, Simon has been blocked by poisonous smoke, and the water sprayed by the water gun is as ineffective as mud cows entering the sea. Sun Zhigang said to the two players behind him, "Get down and go in!" The people in the security section next to him stopped him: "You can't go in! The main ventilation pipes in the east-west direction are burnt out, which is very dangerous! " Fire officers and soldiers turned a deaf ear. They struggled in the space less than half a meter from the ground, and at the same time shot at the ceiling with water guns to prevent collapse. When entering about 30 meters, the burning part was finally found in the northeast of the workshop, and the high-pressure hose was reversed in an instant. At the same time, the troops attacking from the south gate also entered the workshop after knocking down a brick wall. Zhang Lixin, a new police officer of the training team, led the soldier Wei Liang to put out the fire from the south and crawled forward from the piston pile several meters high! Their situation is extremely dangerous. If the stack is pushed down or shot down, it will be like a domino, and no one will be spared. Between life and death, they move forward cautiously. ...

At 6: 30, the Yellow River tanker of Binzhou Fire Brigade came to reinforce. Deputy commander Li and deputy chief of staff Shao, who have been in command of the fire, made new arrangements for the troops, and the water gun belonging to the Yellow River car attacked from the east gate. Forced water flows into the skylight more than 4 meters high on both sides of the north and south, the glass is smashed, and a large amount of smoke is discharged. At this point, the fire has formed a three-sided attack. At about 7 o'clock, the fire was completely controlled, and dozens of piston factory workers entered the workshop with 8 kilograms of dry powder fire extinguishers to put out the residual fire in the oil pan.

At 7: 30, the catastrophic fire in Shandong Piston Factory was completely extinguished.

The tense nerves of the fire officers and soldiers suddenly relaxed. Several old workers said sadly, "These children didn't sleep all night!" For understanding and consideration, the soldiers want to smile with gratitude, but it seems that they can't even do this. Silently put away the cold water gun, with the black tiredness just drilled from the coal mine, dragging the heavy training clothes that were completely soaked, they embarked on the road home.

The calendar of this day has such a reminder: today is slight cold, the seventh day of February 9.

three

Production is the addition of hard work and sweat, and disaster is the division that sweeps everything. The gluttonous fire demon is sneering again People, please hang the sword of Damocles. ...

The fire in Shandong Piston Factory destroyed four piston production lines, two ventilation pipes were reduced to ashes, and a large number of machine tools and single-board computers were scrapped, resulting in direct economic losses of more than 970,000 yuan. The cause of the fire was quickly found out: on the same day, Sun Chengsheng (undocumented), an electrician of Huantai County Housing Repair Company, who was responsible for installing the ceiling and ventilation pipes in the workshop of No.5 Factory, fell on the ventilation pipes below while welding the hanging bars, igniting the polystyrene insulation materials, and a fire broke out.

Heavy losses and profound lessons. The leaders of the factory blamed themselves, and the factory director was fined 5,000 yuan and the deputy factory director was fined 3,000 yuan, which was deeply touching. But through these dazzling virtual lights, we will see deep-seated problems, as well as deep-seated problems:

(1) The factory decorated the workshop with combustible materials without the approval of the fire department. The "Measures for the Management of Fire Protection in Shandong Province" clearly stipulates: "New construction, expansion and reconstruction projects shall be reported to the local fire supervision institutions for fire protection audit of architectural design in accordance with the relevant provisions of the state and the province." However, by the time the fire broke out, Binzhou Fire Brigade had not received any materials from the factory for decoration.

(2) The factory lacks a strict fire safety system and does not provide any fire prevention knowledge education to foreign construction teams. The welding operation is in serious violation of regulations, and there is no hot work permit and no supervision by the security department. At the beginning of the fire, Chen Mou, a migrant worker, took out the dry powder fire extinguisher from the fire box, but because no one could make it, he finally gave up. The migrant workers realized that they had made a big disaster, but they just stripped the insulation board from the ventilation pipe in vain and fled in droves after the workshop suddenly lost power. A fire broke out at 10 5, and the fire brigade received an alarm at 5: 55, wasting 45 minutes.

(3) A design department in the province chose the combustible thermal insulation material polystyrene. This substance is a first-class flammable solid, which will release a lot of toxic gases when burned. The fire broke out because the welding bead fell on the polystyrene, which is why it is difficult to put out the fire.

In modern management science, there is a vivid barrel theory: the water capacity of a barrel depends on the shortest piece of wood that makes up the barrel.

Entrepreneurs who make waves in the sea of market economy, is your's "short board" fire safety? Please remember this sentence: no one can ignore safety without paying the price.

Red warning

A fire, a fire that displaced 50,000 compatriots and killed 193 people; A fire that burned 654.38 million hectares of land and 850,000 cubic meters of stored materials; Where, why and how did a fire that surrounded more than 50 thousand soldiers and civilians for 25 days and nights burn?

This is skyfire. -a grandmother in the disaster area said.

This is related to the El Ni? o phenomenon, and there is a burning line near 53 north latitude. -a cadre said.

No matter how strong the wind is, it won't catch fire. -Director of Daxinganling Forest Management Bureau said.

"These five fire sources are caused by forestry workers violating the system and operating procedures." So far, a series of reports tell people.

Yes, reality often gives us more than one answer. Today, the fire was put out, but the lesson left by the disaster is eternal.

Let's start with a few short stories.

A story about kindling

First, the story of Jiagedaqi

Daxinganling, with a population of 3 1 10,000, is a forest industry enterprise with timber and silviculture production as its main body. Jiagedaqi, the capital-the meaning of beauty pine, a good name given by minority languages.

Although the population here is not dense and there are not many factories, the streets are clean and the transportation is convenient, and almost everything in the metropolis is here.

Many reporters who came to put out the fire did not expect that there was such a charming forest city in the deep mountains and forests.

However, they are at a loss. This place is not called a town or a city, but a "plus area". "Why can't it be called a city?" A government official told the reporter that Daxinganling is a forest industry enterprise directly under the Ministry of Forestry, with local administration under Heilongjiang Province and territory under Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region.

A daughter-in-law and a mother-in-law It dare not call it a "city". Once it is called "city", the issue of administrative ownership will be wrangling. Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region wants to take it back, but Heilongjiang Province refuses to let go of this "bowl-side fat" easily, let alone the forestry department that regards it as the apple of its eye. Therefore, Jiagedaqi had to be wronged.

Daxinganling has become a real "one servant and three masters". Every year, in addition to tens of millions of yuan of local finance in Heilongjiang, the profits of enterprises are also turned over to millions of yuan of "land use fees" in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region and millions of yuan of management fees in the Ministry of Forestry.

1985, the State Council stipulated that Daxing 'anling could set aside nearly 50 million yuan from the retained profits of enterprises. Tian Jiyun, vice premier of the State Council, once instructed that the afforestation fund should be "taken from the forest and used for the forest". Even this money will be deducted seven or eight times, and the Ministry of Forestry will use a considerable part for other purposes. Except for energy transportation fees and funds for maintaining forest management institutions, only 9% of the remaining funds are used for forest protection. This part should be divided into forest management, forest fire prevention,

Pest control, wildlife and nature reserve construction. Very few are really used for forest fire prevention.

Roads are the nerves and blood of forest areas. With the road, it can not only be used as a fire isolation belt, but also provide traffic conditions for quickly putting out mountain fires. Developed countries in the world attach great importance to forest road construction. These countries have 5-7.5 kilometers of roads per hectare of forest land, while Yichun forest area in China has 2.2 kilometers of roads per hectare, while Daxing 'anling has only 1. 1 km of roads per hectare. Reports on road construction are submitted to the Ministry of Forestry year after year, which pushes the report to the State Planning Commission, which in turn pushes the report back to the Ministry of Forestry. The Planning Department of the Ministry of Forestry was pushed to the Forest Insurance Department, and the Forest Insurance Department was pushed to the Planning Department. Everyone is a setter, and no one will pay for it.

Solving the problem of dividing cities is not only a channel to save wood and reduce waste, but also an important measure to solve fire hazards. It is a clever way to replace wood with coal. Coal can be bought locally. Gulian Coal Mine in Xilin Gol League can provide a large amount of domestic coal. But also suffering from no road. "To build roads, Lian Gulian." The leaders of Daxinganling Forestry Bureau have already made up their minds. You can't ask Heilongjiang Inner Mongolia for money, but you have to ask the forestry department. However, the Ministry of Forestry has not issued the planned targets for a long time. If you don't pay, we will solve it ourselves. Daxinganling is trying to squeeze money from the forest protection and fire prevention fund that has been set aside for road construction, and the Ministry of Forestry prohibits them from using this money in the name of "no such document". They had to cut and hit, and built a gravel road from Gulian to Tuqiang. It is this road that has become a barrier and played an important role in this fire fighting. But so far, this road construction cost is still in the deficit column of the local government.

Similarly, the forest watchtower is the eye of the forest area. Due to the lack of funds, the forest watchtower in Daxinganling is only 1/3 in Yichun. Without the watchtower, it is impossible to determine the direction of the fire.

In the "5.7" fire, the direction judgment error once affected the correct command. 400 forest police officers and soldiers who were gearing up were ordered to come to help, and they ran around for four days, but they didn't find a rotor that jumped on them.

It is really "three monks have no water to drink"! This flawed institutional structure and management model can't be done without reform!

The story of wallet

Eight years of economic system reform has made remarkable achievements, but the framework of the old system obviously restricts the faster economic take-off.

Due to the institutional defects in Daxinganling, the fire prevention work is inherently inadequate. The fire prevention headquarters belongs to the local government, the forest police belongs to the Armed Police Forest Police Force, and the airborne fire brigade belongs to the Northeast Aviation Forest Protection Bureau.

Another three-legged stand!

Each has its own economic interests, so it is difficult to form a coordinated whole.

With the expansion of opening to the outside world, since 1985, a forest protection and fire prevention center has been established in Daxinganling, and many people have been organized to go abroad for training. Zhang Fengming, deputy Commissioner in charge of fire prevention in the administrative office of Daxing 'anling region, said: "We envisage establishing a fire-fighting team and resource management center with unified organization, unified mobilization, unified command, modern equipment and strong combat effectiveness, but the Ministry of Forestry has been slow to express its position until the eve of the forest fire on May 5 this year."

Mohe County is the northernmost county in China with considerable economic benefits. The local granaries are full, the county spends a lot of money, and the office buildings and various public welfare facilities are beautifully built. However, in terms of investment in fire prevention, they are amazing.

It stands to reason that Mohe County, where Xilin Jilin Industrial Bureau is located, should build a weather station. Even if a weather post is built, they are reluctant to spend the money and nobody cares.

The reporter put this question to a deputy secretary of the county party Committee. He said hesitantly, "There is one in the Arctic Village".

There is indeed a weather station in Arctic Village, 80 kilometers away from the county seat, belonging to the National Meteorological Administration, which is responsible for the exchange of global meteorological data. Zhou Ruqiang, the stationmaster, told reporters that they did not have the responsibility and task to provide weather forecast for Mohe County. In addition, the microclimate will be different in places 80 kilometers away. Having said that, this station actively provides weather information to the county every year during the fire and flood prevention period. Who would have thought that Mohe County, the "beneficiary unit", refused to pay hundreds of yuan for long-distance telephone calls. Stationmaster Zhou gave a wry smile: "A few days ago, I was arguing with a responsible comrade in the county."

In the process of fire fighting, there are planes in the sky and armored vehicles on the ground, artificial rainfall is carried out, and raw soil isolation zones are opened ... Some people calculate that the large scale and large corps will cost nearly one million yuan every day for three-dimensional fire fighting and disaster relief, just military support and logistics supply.

Who should calculate this account?

Sub-ownership has become such a strange phenomenon: under normal circumstances, it refuses to invest more in forest protection, but once a fire breaks out, it will suffer heavy losses. The crowd said, "The money was wrapped tightly during the fire, but when the fire was put out, the wallet was facing down. This money is spent unjustly! "

C, the story of two "carelessness" and four "drunkards"

Please forgive us for using such indecent words as "careless". However, in real life, many of our opportunities are lost in these "careless" hands!

The use of brush cutters has caused many fires in forest areas. This spring, the Daxinganling Forest Administration issued a notice prohibiting the use of brush cutters during martial law. It's time to deploy, but there is no supervision and inspection. On April 28, the notice reached a deputy section chief of the command section of the regional fire prevention headquarters, but he only notified five of the eight forestry bureaus because the suffering North Third Bureau was not notified.

On May 5, the telephone records of Mohe County Fire Prevention Office clearly recorded the gale forecast and high temperature warning of the regional meteorological station: On May 7, the gale can reach the "fire risk level" and the temperature will rise to 23℃. At this moment, one day earlier than the two fires in Mohe; Two days before the fire engulfed Mohe County!

Such a major meteorological change did not touch the insensitive nerve of the director of the county fire prevention office. Instead of reporting to the comrades in charge, he left the warning in the office.

Dereliction of duty and insensitivity are not only manifested before the fire, but also in fire fighting and disaster relief. The car driver who participated in the fire fighting and disaster relief in a bureau in Daxinganling area told us such a story.

"On the western front, our car often pulls the head of the headquarters. One day, a deputy commander went to check the fire.

"We crossed the fire and came to a defense zone. The fire spread all over the mountains, burning fiercely, and it was about to burn through the defense line, but there was no one on the defense line. Is anybody there? Sitting there drinking. Stop it, boss. I am so angry.

The deputy commander asked,' Why don't you light a fire? Who is the leader? Guess what the four brothers said:' Why, we care about this pimple. "What do you do?"

"When I heard that it was the deputy commander-in-chief or the leader of the provincial government, the four brothers became nervous and said that they would immediately organize beatings. Later, one of them took us to another fire. It's from the local forest farm, but I led the wrong way. I can't help it I turned and walked back to where they were drinking. Look at that brother, he sent us away without moving, still sitting there drinking! "

The stories of two "carelessness" and four "drunkards" sound almost absurd. They are individual phenomena and cannot and should not be our representatives. But in the chain of the national machine, there are so many gears that are faulty, how can the machine operate normally!

D. the story of the bonfire drama.

Let's zoom in to Mohe County and focus on fire prevention. Maybe we can find something from the plot before this tragedy.

In the past, an armed forest police composed of more than 70 capable young men was stationed in Mohe County, which was mainly responsible for the forest protection work of Fokker Mountain, and of course helped Xilin Jilin Industrial Bureau put out many mountain fires.

However, this forest police team called "forest guards" by the masses was "invited" to leave the country.

Here's the thing. There is a gold mine in Fogg Mountain. In order to increase economic income, the county recruited some social idle laborers to collect gold. There will inevitably be some problems affecting the natural ecological environment in mining, and fees should be charged according to relevant laws and regulations. Because someone in the county cheated many times and was fined 12000 yuan by the forest police force, it left a grudge.

One day in June last year 165438+ 10, the forest police on duty stopped the car of the deputy manager of the county gold company to check the mountain entry permit, which triggered a dispute. Then the county public security bureau filed a case for investigation, the audit bureau checked whether there was any economic problem with the fine, and the price bureau also sent someone to check whether the forest police force overcharged the "mountain pass" ...

This kind of thing is not surprising, but the result is that Mohe county leaders clap their chests and promise: "The forest police will be removed, and the forest protection and fire prevention work will be managed by us to ensure good management." After the relevant regional leaders made the final decision, the forest police force left Mohe in this way.

The lawsuit is over. As for forest protection and fire prevention work, although a 30-person fast fire brigade was set up in the county, there was no pneumatic fire extinguisher at first, and there was no training for the next day. After the fire came, people missed the forest police again: "If the forest police team were here, pick up the wind fire extinguisher and chug chug, it would have been extinguished long ago!" However, it is too late.

Let's take a look at the fire control work in this county. Last spring, the county pastry factory caught fire, and the fire truck came with a siren. The water gunner picked up the water gun and assumed a posture. Who would have thought that there was not a drop of water in the water tank of the fire engine?

Usually, the fire truck is often used to pick up and send the station, and sometimes the horn is sounded during the pick-up and send-off process. Since the spring of this year, no matter how strong the wind is, I always turn around with a siren. Over time, everyone got used to it, and no one took the fire truck seriously again.

An old cadre said meaningfully, "This is called a bonfire party!"

From the above story, we can easily see that due to the disharmony of the system, the dereliction of duty of some cadres and the relaxation of vigilance against catastrophic fires, the fire of catastrophe has already been planted in Daxinganling, the green treasure house of our motherland.

Intense meeting

On the afternoon of May 6, in the tall gray building of Mohe County Committee, the members of the Standing Committee of the County Committee were in a good mood.

"How to leaps clouds of fog in the distance? Is there a fire on the mountain? " We chatted for a while. A leader of the county party Committee picked up the phone and asked the county fire prevention office. The answer is that Wanhe's forest farm is on fire. "Well, concentrate on continuing the meeting!" Calm returned to the meeting place. "A fire broke out in the mountains, just like a traffic accident in the city. Annual defense, annual defense. " As a leader said, this fire has not attracted enough attention.

At the moment of sudden fire, in the dangerous period of fire prevention in spring, and in the case of high temperature and strong wind warning, the standing Committee of a forest-based county is so safe.

After a while, it was found that there was also smoke rising in the direction of Gulian Forest Farm. "What's the matter, it's on fire again?"

Finally-the original agenda of the meeting remained unchanged, but it was moved to the Fire Prevention Office. Have a meeting while listening to the fire.

The meeting is still going on ...

From 2 am to 4 am in August, when the flames of the Gulian fire were still raging in private houses, the county held an enlarged meeting of the Standing Committee of the County Party Committee and a meeting of cadres above the metre level, which lasted for more than two hours. At this moment, the back flame calmly swallowed up a number of houses.

Another fire area, Pangu Forestry Company in Tahe County, also held a similar meeting at the same pace. That night, the fire surrounded Pangu Forestry Company, which owns the largest timber yard in China, from three sides, and the situation was extremely severe. At 2 1: 30, a large group of forest public security air transport in Daxinganling, known as the "Hong Haier Death Squad", arrived in time, and the villagers were overjoyed: Pangu was saved. Who knows, instructor Zhang Guohua was called to the meeting as soon as he got off the bus. At 23: 45, several county leaders are still arguing about "where to fight, how to fight, and what to do if you can't fight." Outside, there was a strong wind, and the fire had burned the night sky red. Hundreds of forest policemen with fire extinguishers looked at the fire coming into the town and stamped their feet. Instructor Zhang in the room was angered by this endless meeting: "You study, we light a fire!" " "He led his troops to the oncoming fire. At this moment, the fire is only tens of meters away from the ammunition depot. ...

We don't usually "discuss it at the meeting". The problem is that under special circumstances, there must be special mobilization methods and working methods, which are the efficiency and adaptability of an organization.

The fire has no mercy on the efficiency of bureaucracy!