What is the tone of Changsha dialect?

Let's talk about the difference between the old Changsha dialect and the new Changsha dialect.

Old Changsha dialect is now mainly spoken by people in their seventies and eighties. However, it also depends on the region. For example, there may be people in their fifties or sixties or even younger around the south gate who speak the old Changsha dialect. There are also some actors from Hunan Theatre and Ancient Painting Theatre who speak Changsha dialect with many characteristics of old Changsha dialect.

Speaking of the South Gate, I remembered a story-there was a Changsha girl who grew up in the South Gate in Changsha WeChat group. She said that if her Changsha dialect was not pronounced correctly, she would be beaten by her mother and father. For example, the "boundary" must be said to be "sweating", otherwise the brush will come. But the Changsha dialect she spoke still belongs to the new Changsha dialect.

The difference between the new school and the old school is mainly reflected in the following aspects:

1. The old school has a tongue, but the new school doesn't.

For example, "knowledge" is pronounced as "knowledge" in the old Changsha dialect and "zi" in the new Changsha dialect; "Sell", the old school read "Zhou", and the new school became "Zou".

2. The convergence of sharp sounds

It is understood that the convergence of sharp sounds in Changsha dialect has gradually become obvious since 1930 s. After more than 80 years of evolution, we can still hear the sharp sounds from some old people, such as the word "Qian". In addition, the vocals of xiang opera, ancient paintings and nocturne artists are still divided into different groups.

However, the specific differences between Sharp Group cannot be described in words. You can reply to "Rui Qun Sheng" on the official account page of WeChat, and listen to the toilet brother to tell you in detail.

3. vowel o? And Io? The disappearance of

The general trend of dialect evolution is to move closer to Mandarin, but there are exceptions. New Changsha dialect vowel O? And Io? The disappearance of ""deviates more from the pronunciation of Putonghua. For example, "poor", the old school pronunciation is "Jiong", and the new school has become "gold"; "Red", the pronunciation of the old school is "red", and the new school becomes "hen".

4. The old school didn't have the initials of lips and teeth, but the new school did.

The obvious initial is "F", and the old Changsha dialect generally reads "H". For example, "Xia Fan" is pronounced as "qia Fan" in the old school and "QIA Fan" in the new school; "Fa" is pronounced as "Huanhua" in the old school and "Fanfa" in the new school.

The difference between the old school and the new school has passed, but it needs to be emphasized that the Changsha dialect spoken by you post-85 young people is not the new Changsha dialect, but a mixture of Mandarin and Changsha dialect. Hmm.

Next, let's talk about the "four tones and six tones" in Changsha dialect, because it will be used in later articles.

The six tones of Changsha dialect are Yin Ping, rising tone, rising tone, tone, yangqu and entering tone. In order to facilitate people's understanding, I use several pronunciations of Changsha dialect to mark it: = Tian, Yang Ping = Goose, Shangsheng = I, Yinqu = Wei, Yangqu = Hou, Rusheng = Guo.

Get to the point. In recent years, the new Changsha dialect has been impacted and suppressed by Putonghua, and it has changed very quickly, which has completely exceeded the speed of language evolution.

Its changing trend is mainly to move closer to Putonghua. Changsha dialect spoken by many young people has basically become the pronunciation of Putonghua and the tone of Changsha dialect. As for some local dialects in Changsha, they can't speak them at all. For example, if you tell them the saying "Don't cut tobacco" and "hang the tail line", they will treat you like wood and have no idea.

First of all, the change of vowels becomes the biggest:

iu—& gt； ü

For example, Chinese opera (Autumn Rushing), now most young people say it is (Bending Rushing).

Comments: Maybe they think it sounds better or more foreign, but this is not Changsha dialect. Changsha dialect should be pronounced "autumn". Qiu Rusheng is more tortuous than Qu Shangsheng. See for yourself and try for yourself. And those students named "Yang Xu", if someone calls you "Yang Xu" in the future, I suggest you don't agree.

Ann-Ian

For example, supervision (dry fighting, fighting in tune) has now become (sword fighting, fighting tone level) and even (sword capital).

Comments: Why not just go to the north to calculate thiamine and live in Changsha?

Oh-> ü、u

For example, education (soft voice) has now become education (jade to shade). The end (library enters sound) is the end (Yin Su goes).

Comments: Now I tell young people that I have to think of the word "prison". I'm afraid they can't understand the pronunciation of the authentic Changsha dialect "liver sounds go to the flesh and enter the sound". But I just like talking about "liver meat" and "Yu Jian". The pronunciation is too soft, and there is that smell.

ai——& gt； Republic of Ireland

Example: Zhu Bajie (covering the yin), they said Zhu Bajie (removing the yin). The solution of surname Jie (Haiyang Qu) has now basically become a famous solution (Yin Xie Qu).

Comments: Tang Priest walked straight, the Monkey King and the Monkey King walked fast, followed by a pig named Gai. Goodbye? Only the pronunciation of Changsha dialect rhymes. You have changed many pronunciations into Putonghua pronunciations, and the final result is that you can't understand the charm of many folk songs, jingles, cross talks, Changsha Allegro and Tanci, including other folk arts. Because dialect is the foundation of folk art.

uo——& gt； E or vice versa

For example: coke (Luo enters the voice on ko) becomes coke (enjoys entering the voice on ke); Love (the country is like life) becomes love (living like life). On the contrary: ink (me entering tone) changes to ink (mo entering tone); Say (Xue Rusheng) instead of saying (SuoRusheng).

Comments: People who say "Happy Birthday" to me please don't come to my birthday dinner next week. I look beautiful with you.

Other cases

üe——& gt； e

It's so hot that (Yue Rusheng) becomes so hot (re Rusheng).

üan ——& gt； After An Ran (Yuan Yangping), it became Ran Yangping.

I-> ü maggot

(Qi) Women become maggots (crooked) women.

Ern (because there is no international phonetic symbol in the method->, I made pinyin myself)->; One; one

Good (Thain Yoon went) became better (Yin San went).

Then talk about the change of initials.

Aeration becomes no aeration.

For example, spies (Gan Tieru Sheng) have basically become spies now (Jian Dieru Sheng). Iron can breathe, but death can't. Similarly, the entering tone is changed into the other entering tone, and the entering tone is changed into the entering tone.

Comments: This is not forced, really. I think this change is still within the normal evolution trend of Changsha dialect, which is completely acceptable.

The root of nasal tongue is slowly dying out.

The reason why I wrote "nasal root sound" is because I don't know how to play international phonetic symbols by word input method. Let's give an example. Lao Changsha knows how to pronounce the word duck. The initial consonant belongs to nasal and tongue root sounds, and now it has become a duck (ya), and the eye of the eye has now become an eye (yan).

Comments: No way, even my mother can't escape the torrent of Mandarin. It's really hard.

G becomes j, j becomes x, n becomes y, s becomes z, and s becomes R.

For example: sleep (high water to shade) becomes sleep (water to shade); School (xo teaching music) changed to school (xo small silver music); Yan (Yang Geping) became strict (Ge Ping, Yan Yang); Chang (Sanyangping) virtue becomes Chang (Zanyangping) virtue; Rui (Shuiyinqu) became Rui (Yinruiqu).

Comments: If nothing else, can you pronounce the old saying "sleepy" as "Kun Jiao"?

Then there is the change of tone.

1. Yang returns to Yin.

For example, the word "Hu" should be voiced in the authentic Changsha dialect, but now many people are voiced (the tone is the same as "vice"). I once heard Mr. Lo Jui-zhang, the lead singer of Changsha Yesong, say that when he was an apprentice, the master's accent was the most important part, and "Xia" could not be yin, but yang. A few days ago, several group friends asked me to go to Moon Lake for a snack. There is a beautiful sister sitting there. The first thing she said to me was "draw a beard", but the word "draw" became cloudy and changed into the same tone as "Hua", and I immediately had no affection for her.

Step 2: Enter the tone and become cloudy.

For example, "Guang" should have entered the tone, and many young people went to Yin. There are many similar words.

After the phonetic changes, let's talk about vocabulary.

Changsha dialect has two remarkable characteristics in vocabulary. First, the suffix "Zi" is much used. No matter nouns, adjectives and adverbs, you can add the word "zi" after them, which is similar to the sound of Beijing dialect.

Such as: this year's son, last year's son, night side son, night gazi, ant son, mouse son, maggot bitch, mother-in-law, yellow yellow son (color), Kan Kan son, water son, golden bazi, baby son. ...

The second feature is that adverbs are particularly rich.

Such as: yellow, red, white, black, fat, thin, fishy, fragrant, smelly, soft, hard, slippery and stuffy. ...

Many young people don't know how to say it now. When describing a person as fat, they just say "that person is so fat", losing the distinctive features of Changsha dialect. "Fattening" means tying a person's meat with a rope, just like the mascot of Michelin tires. How many images?

In addition, some dialects, sayings and proverbs are gradually disappearing. This is not a case because there are too many. If you want to know and discuss, please pay attention to this official WeChat account and listen to the daily Changsha dialect audio program.

In a word, what I can't stand more than plastic Putonghua is plastic Changsha dialect. As for why so many young people speak so badly in Changsha, it is because of education.

The intern I mentioned earlier had such an experience when she was a child: one afternoon thirteen years ago, she went to the third grade of primary school and left school. Under the guidance of the teacher, she and other students lined up to come to the school gate. When she was only a few steps away from the school gate, she said to another child, "Can't you walk all the way back?" Just finished, I don't know where a little inspector wearing a red armband rushed over, grabbed her arm and said in a slightly trembling voice, "Classmate, what you just said was Changsha dialect, please come with me!"

She was immediately caught by the inspector in the broadcasting room and recorded her name. Then on the school playground, the serious voice of the school announcer came. "Now, there are students who speak Changsha dialect on campus ... and xx students in Class One, Grade Three. Criticize the above students! Once again, please don't speak dialects on campus, write well and speak Mandarin. "

This school-wide criticism left a psychological shadow on her. In the next three years of her primary school career, she never said a word in Changsha and kept a good record of "civilized language".

After that, she found that her Changsha dialect became less and less authentic. In junior high school, she could only say "boys and girls" but not "girls". Only then did she realize that she only knew how to translate Mandarin into Changsha dialect, and the real Changsha dialect could not speak a word.

Alas. Young man, it's not too late to start learning, really.

Source: Story Changsha

Author: Toilet, former chief reporter of Morning News Weekly.

If you want to know more about the taste of Changsha, you can go to the "Charming Changsha" on the official WeChat account, which contains many interesting things.