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Seven "How to Look"-Theoretical Hotspots Face to Face-One of the seven "How to Look" in 21:

Join hands to build * * * to enjoy-How to look at China's uneven development

Hangzhou Bay Bridge in Zhejiang Province, which is 36 kilometers long and has a total investment of about 11.8 billion yuan. This is in China.

in liuku town, Lushui county, Yunnan province, local villagers can only skim the Nujiang river to the other side by zip lines, and it only costs 4, to 5, yuan to build a bridge on the river, but it is very difficult for poor areas. This is also in China.

Jie Fangbei business district, Chongqing, is full of high-rise buildings and businesses. The colorful neon lights and endless crowds at night reflect the prosperity and vitality here. This is in China.

Just in a poor village in the depths of the mountains in Wulong County, Chongqing, less than 2 kilometers away, for most villagers here, the monthly electricity bill of several yuan is not a small expense. This is still in China.

...

Maybe, which is the real China? Actually, they are all. Since the reform and opening up, China's economy has developed rapidly and achieved remarkable achievements, while the problem of unbalanced development has gradually become prominent. The resulting phenomena and problems, like a mystery, make people full of enthusiasm for exploration.

● Why does the unbalanced development cause widespread concern?

our party leads the people in revolution, construction, and reform, just to make people of different classes in different parts of the country live a rich and happy life. Development is the theme of Socialism with Chinese characteristics and the key to solving all problems in China. Since the founding of New China, especially over the past 3 years of reform and opening up, our party has firmly grasped the top priority of development, vigorously promoted the dual exploration of theory and practice, successfully opened up the road of Socialism with Chinese characteristics, and created a miracle on the earth of China.

-China's economic strength and comprehensive national strength have been greatly enhanced. In 29, China's GDP reached 33.5 trillion yuan, nearly 12 times higher than that in 1978, with an average annual growth rate of nearly 1%. The proportion of China's total economic output to the world's total economic output increased from 1.8% in 1978 to nearly 7% in 29, making it the third largest economy in the world, with the total foreign trade ranking second and the total export ranking first.

-people's living standards have been greatly improved. From 1978 to 29, the annual per capita disposable income of urban residents in China increased from 343.4 yuan to 17,175 yuan, and the annual per capita net income of farmers increased from 133.6 yuan to 5,153 yuan, achieving a historic leap from food and clothing to a well-off society, and moving towards a higher level of well-off.

-the degree of social civilization has improved significantly. The construction of democracy and legal system has been continuously strengthened, the rule of law has been further promoted, social undertakings such as education, science and health have developed in an all-round way, cultural undertakings and cultural industries have become increasingly prosperous, the ideological and moral quality and scientific and cultural quality of the people have been significantly improved, national cohesion and centripetal force have been unprecedentedly enhanced, and the whole society has been full of vigorous spirit.

However, while China has undergone earth-shaking changes in all aspects, the problem of unbalanced development has become more prominent, which has aroused people's concern.

for example, there is a big gap between urban and rural development. After the reform and opening up, the income gap between urban and rural areas once narrowed. In 1983, the per capita income ratio of urban and rural residents was 1.82∶1, but it gradually widened, reaching 3.33∶1 in 29. In terms of absolute difference, in 1978, the per capita net income of farmers was 29.8 yuan different from the per capita disposable income of urban residents. In 1992, the gap exceeded 1, yuan, reaching 1,242.6 yuan, and in 29 it reached 12,22 yuan.

For example, the regional development gap is obvious. Over the past 3 years, the income of residents in various places has increased substantially, but the income gap between different regions is widening. In 29, the annual per capita income in eastern China was 38,587 yuan, while that in western China was 18,9 yuan, with a gap of more than 2, yuan. From the perspective of inter-provincial differences, the highest annual per capita income in Shanghai is 76,976 yuan, and the lowest in Guizhou Province is 9,187 yuan, with a difference of 67,789 yuan. At present, among the 4.7 million poor people in China, the central and western regions account for 94.1%.

for example, apart from the economic gap, there is also a big gap between urban and rural areas and between regions in terms of basic public services. At present, the per capita expenditure on education in the western region is only 73.5% of that in the eastern region; Cities have about 7% health resources, while the vast rural areas only have about 3% health resources, and the per capita health expenditure of rural residents is less than 1/4 of that of urban residents.

for another example, compared with the economic development, the development of social undertakings is relatively backward. There is a shortage of high-quality educational resources, and the problem of educational equity is more prominent; The total supply of medical services is relatively insufficient, and the people's reaction to the difficulty of seeing a doctor is still relatively strong; The social security system is not perfect, and some basic security systems need to be improved; Wait a minute.

It should be said that the problem of unbalanced development in China at present is reflected in many aspects and different levels of economic and social development, and we should have a clear understanding of this.

● What are the reasons for China's unbalanced development?

In late December of p>29, a TV documentary called "Memorandum of National Conditions" aroused strong repercussions among the audience. This documentary deeply interprets China's national conditions with a broad perspective and vivid methods, and also vividly shows China's unbalanced development, making people have a more comprehensive and objective understanding of the development gap between urban and rural areas and regions.

unbalanced development, in a nutshell, refers to the uncoordinated, mismatched and unharmonious relationship in the process of development. It is a common phenomenon in the development of human society. No matter in the world or in a country, the imbalance of the development process has always existed widely, but at different stages, it must be treated objectively and dialectically, and analyzed historically, comprehensively and concretely. So, what is the reason for the current unbalanced development in China?

first, natural reasons. China has a vast territory and different natural conditions between regions, which determines that there are "congenital" differences in the development of different regions. For example, the eastern region is dominated by plains, with pleasant climate, fertile soil and convenient transportation, occupying innate development advantages; The western region is mostly mountainous hills and Gobi desert, with dry climate, ecological deterioration, traffic congestion, restricted information exchange and trade with the outside world, and many unfavorable factors for economic and social development.

the second is historical reasons. There has been a development gap in China for thousands of years, and the country's economic center of gravity is constantly changing. The Central Plains has been the economic center of the whole country for a long time. After the Tang Dynasty, especially after the Northern Song Dynasty, the economic center gradually shifted to the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River and the southeast coastal areas. In the early days of the founding of New China, more than 7% of the country's industrial and transportation facilities were mainly concentrated in the eastern coastal areas, which accounted for less than 12% of the country's area. Although the state increased investment and support in the central and western regions during the "First Five-Year Plan" and the "Third Line" construction period, the overall imbalance has not fundamentally changed. Since the reform and opening up, each region has made great progress vertically; Compared horizontally, the regional gap is widening.

third, policy reasons. Some problems of unbalanced development in China are also related to specific policies implemented in a certain period of time. For example, after the reform and opening up, according to China's national conditions and the needs of economic development, we implemented an unbalanced development strategy, adopted a policy of actively promoting the development and opening up of the eastern coast, and tilted the eastern region in terms of investment, taxation and finance. These policies have injected great vitality into the economic development of the eastern coastal areas and promoted the development of the whole country, but objectively they have also widened the gap between the eastern and central and western regions.

fourth, institutional reasons. Judging from the actual situation, there are institutional factors in China's unbalanced development. For example, the unreasonable price system in the planned economy era has a significant impact on the widening gap between urban and rural areas and regions. In order to accumulate funds needed for industrialization, the state has maintained low prices of energy raw materials and agricultural products for a long time, which has inhibited the development of the central and western regions and rural areas. For example, under the condition of socialist market economy, due to the differences in ideas, funds and management, market competition will lead to the survival of the fittest of different market players, resulting in the "Matthew effect" in which the stronger the stronger, the weaker the weaker, and will also expand the gap between different players in different regions and the same region.

It can be seen that the current unbalanced development in China involves a wide range and the reasons are very complicated, which is the result of the interaction and mutual influence of many factors.

● How to solve the problem of unbalanced regional development?

On May 28th, 21, the Political Bureau of the Central Committee held a meeting to study the overall thinking and policies and measures for the in-depth implementation of the strategy of developing the western region, and put forward the objectives and tasks for the next 1 years and the key tasks to be done well. On the occasion of the 1th anniversary of the implementation of the strategy of developing the western region, making all-round arrangements for the next step will not only promote the new round of development in the western region, but also play a more active role in promoting the coordinated development of China's regions.

ten years ago, in view of the imbalance of regional development, the party and the state made a major decision to implement the strategy of developing the western region. Later, according to the needs of the overall development of the country, they successively implemented the strategy of revitalizing the old industrial bases in Northeast China and promoting the rise of the central region, forming a relatively complete overall strategy for regional development. In recent years, a series of regional planning and policy documents have been issued. Driven by these regional development strategies and policies, the development speed of the central, western and northeastern regions has obviously accelerated. In 28, the growth rate of GDP in the central, western and northeast regions exceeded that in the east. In 29, the GDP growth rate of the eastern, central, western and northeastern regions increased by 1.7%, 11.7%, 13.4% and 12.5% respectively, and the growth rate of the western region continued to be in the leading position, while the growth rate of the central and northeastern regions continued to be faster than that of the eastern region. At present, China's four economic sectors have gradually taken shape, and the coordinated development of regions has achieved remarkable results.

Of course, it should also be noted that solving the problem of unbalanced regional development is a long-term process and requires persistent efforts. We must base ourselves on long-term and reasonable planning, further intensify the overall planning of regional development, promote the rational flow and optimal allocation of production factors between regions, and gradually form a regional coordinated development pattern with benign interaction between East and West, clear orientation of main functions, and narrowing the gap between public services and people's living standards.

first, continue to implement the overall strategy of regional development. Further promote the development of the western region, improve policies, increase investment, strengthen support, and enhance the self-development ability of the western region. Fully revitalize the old industrial bases in Northeast China, improve the long-term mechanism of sustainable development of resource-based cities, and enhance the vitality of economic and social development. Vigorously promote the rise of the central region, making it an important national grain production base, energy and raw materials base, modern equipment manufacturing and high-tech industrial base and comprehensive transportation hub. Actively support the eastern region to take the lead in development, strive to promote the transformation of economic development mode and the optimization and upgrading of industrial structure, and enhance the ability of independent innovation and international competitiveness.

the second is to actively promote the construction of main functional areas. According to the different requirements of optimized development, key development, restricted development and forbidden development, the spatial scale of land development pattern will be refined, the functional orientation of different regions will be defined, and the regional development pattern with its own characteristics will be gradually formed. Establish and improve the paid use system and compensation system for resource development, and increase financial transfer payments to areas where development is restricted or prohibited. Improve and implement relevant plans and policies, follow the laws of market economy, break the boundaries of administrative divisions, accelerate the formation of new regional economic growth poles, and promote regional economic and social development.

the third is to increase support for underdeveloped areas. Actively support the old revolutionary base areas, ethnic areas, border areas and poverty-stricken areas to accelerate development and improve their independent development capabilities. This year, the central government will continue to invest 33 billion yuan to vigorously support the economic and social development of ethnic minority areas such as Tibet and Xinjiang. Further improve the comprehensive development planning of underdeveloped areas, increase investment through multiple channels, strengthen infrastructure construction, and improve the production and living conditions of people in backward areas. We will intensify poverty alleviation and development, encourage developed regions to provide counterpart support to underdeveloped regions, and form a mutually beneficial mechanism with the government as the leading role, the market as the link, enterprises as the main body and projects as the carrier, so as to mobilize the enthusiasm of all parties involved in poverty alleviation.

the fourth is to promote the equalization of basic public services. To promote regional coordinated development, we should not only narrow the gap of economic development level, but also realize the equalization of basic public services. Accelerate the improvement of the public finance system aimed at promoting the equalization of basic public services, increase the transfer payment to the central and western regions, and enhance the ability of local governments to provide public services. This year, the central government plans to arrange a balanced transfer payment of 416.8 billion yuan, an increase of 25 billion yuan over the previous year. It is necessary to further clarify the responsibilities of the government, establish and improve the assessment system, and promote the central and western governments to play a greater role in providing basic public services.

"There are nine veins flowing in China, so there should be a lingyun pen." It is the essential requirement of socialist society and the unswerving goal of our party to make all regions and all people rich together. With the unremitting efforts of hundreds of millions of people under the leadership of the Party, a China with coordinated and harmonious development will surely be presented to the world.

The second of the seven "how to look at it":

Thinking caused by the "difficulty in recruiting workers"-how to look at the difficulty in obtaining employment

In August p>29, the impact of the international financial crisis has not yet subsided, but the "difficulty in recruiting workers" began to appear in the southeast coastal area of China. Before and after the Spring Festival in 21, this phenomenon gradually spread to more areas and even some inland provinces. In February, a survey in Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security showed that 7% of the enterprises surveyed expected to have "difficulties" or "certain difficulties" in recruiting this year. According to the monitoring information released by Guangdong Province, the employment gap in Guangdong Province is about 9,. Many enterprises were "without rice" when they were affected by the international financial crisis, but now they can't find a "cook" when they wait for orders.

for the masses, the "rice bowl" is a big deal. All the troubles in the field of employment have aroused the concern of the society. Tens of millions of migrant workers have returned to their hometowns under the impact of the international financial crisis, and now there are "difficulties in recruiting workers" in some places. At the same time, many college graduates are caught in the dilemma of finding jobs. Many people can't help wondering: What should we think about the current employment situation?

● How is the "recruitment difficulty" formed?

The phenomenon of "difficulty in recruiting workers" has aroused heated discussion in society, and different people have different opinions. Some people think that the "difficulty in recruiting workers" indicates that the employment problem of migrant workers has been "reversed"; It has also been said that the "difficulty in recruiting workers" is only a temporary phenomenon, so there is no need to make a fuss ... So, how is the "difficulty in recruiting workers" formed?

The "difficulty in recruiting workers" stems from the steady recovery of China's economy and the obvious increase in employment demand. Migrant workers are mainly concentrated in small and medium-sized enterprises engaged in processing and manufacturing in the southeast coast. Most of these enterprises are export-oriented and are greatly affected by the international economic situation. At the beginning of 29, due to the impact of the international financial crisis, the orders of enterprises fell sharply, and the operation was in trouble, which led to a large number of migrant workers returning home. With the improvement of China's economic situation and the recovery of the world economy, the number of new orders received by many factories continues to increase, and the demand for labor increases accordingly.

The "difficulty in recruiting workers" stems from migrant workers returning home nearby.