How to classify excavators?

There are two common driving modes of excavators: internal combustion engine-driven excavators and electric-driven excavators. Among them, electric excavators are mainly used in flammable and explosive places such as plateau hypoxia and underground mines. Excavator drivers recruit and go to the market to hunt drivers.

1. According to different sizes, excavators can be divided into large excavators, medium excavators and small excavators.

2. According to different walking modes, excavators can be divided into crawler excavators and wheeled excavators.

3. According to the different transmission modes, excavators can be divided into hydraulic excavators and mechanical excavators. Mechanical excavators are mainly used in some large mines.

4. According to the purpose, excavators can be divided into general excavators, mining excavators, marine excavators, special excavators and other different categories.

5. According to the bucket, excavators can be divided into front shovel excavators, backhoe excavators, pull shovel excavators and grab excavators. The front shovel excavator is mainly used to dig materials above the surface, while the back shovel excavator is mainly used to dig materials below the surface. Excavator drivers recruit and go to the market to hunt drivers.

(1) backhoe excavator

Backhoe is the most common one we have ever seen. It cuts the soil backwards and downwards. It can be used for excavation below the shutdown working face, and the basic operation methods are: ditch end excavation, ditch side excavation, straight line excavation, curve excavation, keeping a certain angle excavation, ultra-deep ditch excavation and ditch slope excavation.

(2) Front shovel excavator

Form of shovel action of front shovel excavator. Its characteristic is "advance, forcibly cut the soil". The front shovel has great digging force, which can dig out the soil above the parking surface. It is suitable for digging dry foundation pits with a height greater than 2m, but it must be equipped with an up-and-down ramp. The bucket of the front shovel is larger than that of the equivalent backhoe excavator, which can dig one or three kinds of soil with water content less than 27%, cooperate with the dump truck to complete the whole excavation and transportation operation, and can also dig large dry foundation pits and mounds. According to the different relative positions between the excavation route and the transport vehicle, there are two ways to excavate and unload the soil: front excavation and side unloading; Forward excavation and reverse unloading.

(3) shovel excavator

The dragline excavator is also called the electric shovel excavator. Its excavation characteristics are: "backward and downward, self-weight cutting soil". It is suitable for Class I and II soils below the excavation stop surface. When working, the bucket is thrown out by inertia force, and the digging distance is longer, and the digging radius and depth are also larger, but it is not as flexible and accurate as the backhoe. It is especially suitable for large and deep foundation pit excavation or underwater excavation.

(4) Grab excavator?

Shovel excavators are also called grab excavators. Its excavation characteristics are: "straight up and down, self-weight cutting soil." It is suitable for Class I and II soils below the excavation stop surface, and is often used for excavation of foundation pits and open caissons in soft soil areas. It is especially suitable for digging deep and narrow foundation pits, dredging old channels, dredging silt in water, or loading loose materials such as gravel and slag. There are two kinds of excavation methods: ditch side excavation and positioning excavation. If the grab bucket is made into grating, it can also be used to load ore blocks, chips, wood and so on in the lumber yard. ?

At present, excavators account for the vast majority of all-hydraulic and all-rotary excavators. Hydraulic excavator is mainly composed of engine, hydraulic system, working device, walking device and electrical control. The hydraulic system consists of hydraulic pump, control valve, hydraulic cylinder, hydraulic motor, pipeline and oil tank. The electrical control system includes monitoring panel, engine control system, pump control system, various sensors, solenoid valves, etc.

Hydraulic excavator generally consists of working device, upper body and lower body. According to its structure and use, it can be divided into crawler type, tire type, walking type, full hydraulic type, semi-hydraulic type, full rotary type, non-full rotary type, universal type, special type, articulated type and telescopic arm type.

The working device is a device that directly completes the excavation task. It consists of boom, bucket and bucket. In order to meet the needs of different construction operations, hydraulic excavators can be equipped with a variety of working devices, such as digging, lifting, loading, leveling, clamping, bulldozing, impact hammer, rotary drilling and other working tools.

The rotary walking device is the body of the hydraulic excavator, and the upper part of the turntable is provided with a power device and a transmission system. The engine is the power source of the hydraulic excavator, so diesel oil can be used in convenient places, and motors can also be used instead.

The hydraulic transmission system transmits the power of the engine to the executive elements such as hydraulic motor and hydraulic cylinder through the hydraulic pump, and pushes the working device to move, thus completing various operations.