What measures has China taken to promote the development of science and technology?

1. Implement fiscal and taxation policies and encourage technological innovation of enterprises.

Encourage enterprises to increase investment in research and development and enhance their technological innovation capabilities. Accelerate the implementation of consumption-oriented value-added tax, and include the tax amount of equipment purchased by enterprises in the scope of value-added tax deduction. On the basis of further implementing various preferential tax policies of the state on promoting technological innovation, accelerating the transformation of scientific and technological achievements and upgrading equipment, we will actively encourage and support enterprises to develop new products, processes and technologies, increase the incentive policies such as pre-tax deduction of R&D investment of enterprises, and implement preferential tax policies to promote the development of high-tech enterprises. Combined with enterprise income tax and enterprise financial system reform, encourage enterprises to establish a special fund system for technology research and development. Allow enterprises to accelerate the depreciation of research and development instruments and equipment. Give necessary tax support policies for the purchase of advanced scientific research instruments and equipment. Increase foreign exchange and financing support for enterprises to set up overseas R&D institutions, and provide foreign investment convenience and quality services.

Fully implement the Law of People's Republic of China (PRC) on the Promotion of Small and Medium-sized Enterprises, support the establishment of various small and medium-sized enterprises, and give full play to the technological innovation vitality of small and medium-sized enterprises. Encourage and support small and medium-sized enterprises to cooperate in research and development by means of joint investment and entrustment, and give policy support to accelerate the transformation of innovation achievements. Formulate preferential tax policies to support technological innovation of small and medium-sized enterprises.

2. Strengthen the digestion, absorption and re-innovation of imported technologies.

Improve and adjust the national industrial technology policy, and strengthen the digestion, absorption and re-innovation of imported technology. Formulate policies to encourage independent innovation and limit blind repeated introduction.

By adjusting the structure and focus of government investment, we will set up special funds to support the digestion, absorption and re-innovation of imported technologies and support the research and development of major technical equipment and key technologies of major industries. Take active policies and measures, increase investment through multiple channels, and support enterprises as the main body and Industry-University-Research to jointly carry out digestion, absorption and re-innovation of imported technologies.

Take national major construction projects as an important carrier to enhance the ability of independent innovation. Through the implementation of major national construction projects, we will digest and absorb a number of advanced technologies, overcome a number of key technologies related to national strategic interests, and develop a number of major equipment and key products with independent intellectual property rights.

3. Implementing government procurement to promote independent innovation.

Formulate the Detailed Rules for the Implementation of the Government Procurement Law of People's Republic of China (PRC) to encourage and protect independent innovation. Establish a coordination mechanism for government procurement of independent innovation products. The government implements the first purchase policy for important high-tech equipment and products developed by domestic enterprises with independent intellectual property rights. Provide policy support for enterprises to purchase domestic high-tech equipment. Support the formation of technical standards through government procurement.

4. Implement intellectual property strategy and technical standard strategy.

Protecting intellectual property rights and safeguarding the rights holders' interests are not only the needs of perfecting the market economy system and promoting independent innovation in China, but also the needs of establishing international credit and carrying out international cooperation. It is necessary to further improve the national intellectual property system, create a legal environment for respecting and protecting intellectual property rights, promote the awareness of intellectual property rights in the whole society and improve the level of national intellectual property management, increase the protection of intellectual property rights, and severely crack down on all kinds of intellectual property violations according to law. At the same time, it is necessary to establish a special review mechanism for intellectual property rights in major economic activities such as enterprise mergers and acquisitions and technology transactions to avoid the loss of independent intellectual property rights. Preventing improper abuse of intellectual property rights restricts the normal market competition mechanism and hinders scientific and technological innovation and the popularization and application of scientific and technological achievements. Bring intellectual property management into the whole process of scientific and technological management, and make full use of intellectual property system to improve the level of scientific and technological innovation in China. Strengthen the intellectual property awareness of scientific and technological personnel and managers, and promote enterprises, research institutes and institutions of higher learning to attach importance to and strengthen intellectual property management. Give full play to the important role of trade associations in protecting intellectual property rights. Establish and improve the qualification system and social credit system conducive to intellectual property protection.

According to the national strategic needs and the requirements of industrial development, with the goal of forming independent intellectual property rights, a number of inventions and creations of great significance to economic, social and scientific and technological development have been produced. Organize joint research in Industry-University-Research with enterprises as the main body, and give support in patent application, standard setting, international trade and cooperation.

Forming technical standards is an important goal of the national science and technology plan. Government departments and industry associations should strengthen guidance and coordination on the formulation of important technical standards and give priority to their adoption. Promote the construction of technical regulations and technical standards system, promote the combination of standard formulation with scientific research, development, design and manufacturing, and ensure the advanced nature and effectiveness of standards. Guide production, learning and research to promote the research, formulation and priority adoption of important national technical standards. Actively participate in the formulation of international standards and promote China's technical standards to become international standards. Strengthen the construction of technical trade measures system.

5. Implement financial policies to promote innovation and entrepreneurship.

Establish and improve the venture capital mechanism, and draft and formulate laws, regulations and related policies to promote the healthy development of venture capital. Actively promote the construction of GEM, establish a multi-level capital market system, and accelerate the industrialization of science and technology. Encourage qualified high-tech enterprises to be listed on the domestic main board and SME board. Strive to create convenient conditions for high-tech small and medium-sized enterprises to go public overseas. Create a more relaxed financial and foreign exchange policy environment for cross-border capital operation of high-tech venture capital enterprises. Carry out pilot work on equity circulation of unlisted high-tech enterprises in the National High-tech Industrial Development Zone. Gradually establish a technology property rights trading market. We will explore ways of giving priority to government financial funds, policy finance and commercial finance, and take active measures to promote more capital to enter the venture capital market. Establish a national self-regulatory organization for science and technology venture capital industry. Encourage financial institutions to give preferential credit support to major national scientific and technological industrialization projects and scientific and technological achievements transformation projects, establish and improve credit guarantee systems such as intellectual property credit guarantee systems, encourage technological innovation of small and medium-sized enterprises, and create favorable conditions for financing of small and medium-sized enterprises. Build various forms of cooperation platforms in technology and finance, and the government will guide all kinds of financial institutions and private funds to participate in scientific and technological development. Encourage financial institutions to improve and strengthen their financial services to high-tech enterprises, especially small and medium-sized ones. Encourage insurance companies to increase product and service innovation and provide comprehensive risk protection for scientific and technological innovation.

6. Accelerate the industrialization of high-tech and the popularization of advanced and applicable technologies.

Take the industrialization of high and new technology as the focus of adjusting the economic structure and transforming the mode of economic growth. Actively develop high-tech industries that have a breakthrough and a major driving role in economic growth.

Optimize the environment of high-tech industrialization. Continue to strengthen the construction of industrialization bases such as national high-tech industrial development zones. Formulate policies that are conducive to promoting the development of national high-tech industrial development zones and driving the development of surrounding areas. Establish an information platform for technology exchange and technology trading, and give policy support to the technology development and service activities carried out by science and technology intermediary service institutions such as the National University Science Park, science and technology enterprise incubation base, productivity promotion center and technology transfer center.

Increase support for agricultural technology popularization. Establish a new mechanism for popularizing advanced and applicable technologies in rural areas. Take the achievements of agricultural science and technology popularization as an important part of science and technology awards, establish a professional qualification certification system for agricultural technology popularization personnel, and encourage scientific and technological personnel to go deep into the front line of agricultural production to carry out various forms of technology popularization activities. Set up special funds for the transformation and promotion of agricultural scientific and technological achievements, promote the promotion of advanced and applicable technologies in rural areas, and support the technological innovation and invention of all kinds of talents in rural areas. The state provides classified guidance and support for agricultural science and technology popularization, encourages and supports the development of multi-mode and socialized agricultural technology popularization organizations, and establishes a diversified agricultural technology popularization system.

Support the popularization and application of industry-oriented key and * * * technologies. Formulate effective policies and measures to support the research and development, popularization and application of technologies before industrial competition, and focus on increasing the popularization and application of key technologies such as electronic information, biology, manufacturing informatization, new materials, environmental protection and energy conservation, so as to promote the transformation and upgrading of traditional industries. Strengthen the construction of technical engineering platform, industrialization demonstration base and intermediate test base.

7. Improve the civil-military integration and integration of defense and civilian technologies mechanism.

Strengthen the overall coordination of integration of defense and civilian technologies. Reform the scientific and technological management system of separating military and civilian, and establish a new scientific and technological management system of combining military and civilian. Encourage military scientific research institutions to undertake civilian scientific and technological tasks; National defense research and development work is open to scientific research institutions and enterprises; Expand the scope of military procurement from civilian scientific research institutions and enterprises. Reform relevant management systems and systems to ensure that non-military scientific research enterprises and institutions participate in the competition of military equipment research and production on an equal footing. The establishment of integration of defense and civilian technologies, military and civilian dual-use platform for basic conditions of science and technology.

Establish a new mechanism to adapt to the characteristics of national defense scientific research and dual-use scientific research activities. Coordinate the deployment and coordination of basic military-civilian research, strengthen the integration of military-civilian high-tech R&D forces, establish a cooperation mechanism for effective interaction between military and civilian, realize the synergy between military and civilian scientific research and production, and promote the organic integration of military and civilian science and technology.

8. Expand international and regional scientific and technological cooperation and exchanges.

To enhance the national independent innovation ability, we must make full use of the favorable conditions of opening to the outside world and expand various forms of international and regional scientific and technological cooperation and exchanges.

Encourage scientific research institutes, universities and overseas R&D institutions to establish joint laboratories or R&D centers. Support the implementation of international cooperation projects under the framework of bilateral and multilateral scientific and technological cooperation agreements. Establish a scientific and technological cooperation mechanism between the mainland and Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan, and strengthen communication and exchanges.

Support China enterprises to "go global". Expand the export of high-tech and its products, encourage and support enterprises to set up research and development institutions or industrialization bases abroad.

Actively participate in international scientific projects and international academic organizations. Support China scientists and research institutions to participate in or take the lead in organizing large-scale international and regional scientific projects. Establish a training system, improve the ability of China scientists to participate in international academic exchanges, and support China scientists to hold leading positions in important international academic organizations. Encourage multinational companies to set up R&D institutions in China. Provide preferential conditions for the establishment of important international academic organizations or offices in China.

9. Improve the scientific and cultural quality of the whole nation and create a social environment conducive to scientific and technological innovation.

Implement the national scientific quality action plan. With the goal of promoting people's all-round development, improve the scientific and cultural quality of the whole people. Vigorously carry forward the scientific spirit, publicize scientific ideas, popularize scientific methods and popularize scientific knowledge in the whole society. Strengthen rural science popularization and gradually establish a training system to improve farmers' technical and vocational skills. Organize various forms and systematic surgical exploration and scientific experience activities on campus, strengthen innovation education, and cultivate young people's innovative consciousness and ability. Strengthen the scientific and technological training of cadres and civil servants at all levels.

Strengthen the construction of popular science ability of the whole people. Reasonably arrange and effectively strengthen the construction of popular science venues to improve the operation quality of popular science venues. Establish a system of regular opening of scientific research institutes and universities to the society. Strengthen communication with the public in the implementation of science and technology projects. Prospering popular science creation and building excellent popular science brands. Encourage famous scientists and other experts and scholars to participate in popular science creation. Formulate a topic selection plan for major popular science works and support original popular science works. Set up science and technology communication specialty in colleges and universities, strengthen the basic theory research of popular science, and cultivate professional popular science talents.

Establish a benign popular science operation mechanism. Strengthen the integration of the advantages of government departments, social organizations, large enterprises and other aspects, and promote cooperation among scientific and technological circles, education circles and mass media. Encourage the development of commercial popular science culture industry, relax the access restrictions of private and overseas funds to develop popular science industry, formulate preferential policies, and form a diversified investment mechanism for popular science. Promote the reform of public welfare science popularization system and mechanism, stimulate vitality, improve service awareness, and enhance the ability of sustainable development.

Nine, science and technology investment and science and technology infrastructure platform

Science and technology investment and basic condition platform are the material basis of science and technology innovation, and the important premise and fundamental guarantee of sustainable development of science and technology. Today's investment in science and technology is an investment in the future national competitiveness. Since the reform and opening up, China's investment in science and technology has been increasing, but compared with the great development of China's science and technology undertakings and the huge demand for building a well-off society in an all-round way, compared with developed countries and newly industrialized countries, the total amount and intensity of China's investment in science and technology are still insufficient, the investment structure is not reasonable, and the basic conditions of science and technology are weak. Nowadays, both developed countries and newly industrialized countries regard increasing investment in science and technology as a strategic measure to improve national competitiveness. China must size up the situation, proceed from strengthening the national independent innovation ability and core competitiveness, substantially increase investment in science and technology, and strengthen the construction of the platform for basic conditions of science and technology, so as to provide the necessary guarantee for completing the major tasks set forth in the Outline.

1. Establish a diversified and multi-channel science and technology input system.

Give full play to the guiding role of the government in investment, and enhance the government's ability to mobilize the allocation of scientific and technological resources in the whole society through various financial investment methods such as direct financial investment and tax incentives. The state financial input is mainly used to support public scientific and technological activities such as basic research, cutting-edge technology research, social welfare research and major key technology research, which cannot be effectively solved by the market mechanism, and to guide the scientific and technological input of enterprises and the whole society. The central and local governments at all levels should, in accordance with the requirements of the Law on the Progress of Science and Technology in People's Republic of China (PRC), reflect the requirements of statutory growth in the allocation of surplus income in the budget preparation and budget implementation at the beginning of the year, ensure that the growth rate of science and technology funds is significantly higher than that of recurrent fiscal revenue, and gradually increase the proportion of national financial science and technology investment in GDP. According to the financial situation of the country, we should make overall arrangements for the funds needed for planning and implementation, and effectively ensure the smooth implementation of major projects. The state will continue to increase investment in major scientific and technological infrastructure construction, and give priority support to central and local construction investment. While increasing investment in science and technology, the government has strengthened the position of enterprises as the main body of investment in science and technology. In short, through efforts from all sides, the proportion of social R&D investment in GDP will increase year by year, reaching 2% in 20 10 and 2.5% in 2020.

2. Adjust and optimize the investment structure to improve the efficiency of the use of science and technology funds.

Strengthen support for basic research, cutting-edge technology research, social welfare research, basic conditions of science and technology and popularization of science and technology. Reasonably arrange the proportion of funds for the normal operation of scientific research institutions (bases), funds for scientific research projects and funds for basic conditions of science and technology, increase the stable investment in basic research and social public welfare scientific research institutions, incorporate popular science funds into the fiscal budget at the same level, and gradually improve the level of popular science investment. Establish and improve the management system of scientific and technological funds to adapt to the laws of scientific research and the characteristics of scientific and technological work, and improve the standardization, safety and effectiveness of the use of financial funds in accordance with the provisions of the state budget management. Improve the openness, transparency and fairness of national science and technology plan management, gradually establish a performance evaluation system for financial science and technology budget, and establish and improve the corresponding evaluation and supervision management mechanism.

3. Strengthen the construction of basic platforms for science and technology.

The basic platform of science and technology is supported by technologies such as information and network, and consists of research and experiment bases, large-scale scientific facilities and instruments, scientific data and information, and natural scientific and technological resources. Through effective allocation and sharing, it serves the scientific and technological innovation support system of the whole society. The key points of the platform construction of basic conditions of science and technology are:

National research and experimental base. According to the country's major strategic needs, we will build a number of scientific research and experimental bases, such as national laboratories with strong team, high level and comprehensive disciplines, mainly relying on national scientific research institutes and research universities in emerging frontier cross-cutting fields and areas with China characteristics and advantages. Strengthen the construction of state key laboratories and continuously improve the overall level of operation and management. Build a network system of national field scientific observation and research stations.

Large-scale scientific projects and facilities. Attach importance to the role of scientific instruments and equipment in scientific research, and strengthen the independent research and development of scientific instruments and equipment and detection technology. Build a number of large-scale scientific projects and infrastructure, including high-performance calculation, large-scale aerodynamic research and experiments, and scientific experiments under extreme conditions. Promote the sharing and construction of large-scale scientific instruments, equipment and facilities, and gradually form a nationwide sharing network.

Scientific data and information platform. Make full use of modern information technology, build a digital technology platform based on information technology resources, promote the sharing of scientific data and literature resources, build a network research environment, provide services for the whole society, and promote the reform of scientific research means and methods.

Natural science and technology resources service platform. Establish a complete system for the protection and utilization of animal and plant germplasm resources, microbial strains and human genetic resources, as well as natural scientific and technological resources such as experimental materials, specimens and rock and mineral fossils.

National standards, measurement and testing technology system. Study and formulate high-precision and high-stability measurement basic standards and standard material systems, as well as technical standards in key fields, and improve the testing laboratory system, certification and accreditation system and technical trade measures system.

4. Establish a platform for enjoying the basic conditions of science and technology.

Establishing an effective enjoyment system and mechanism is the key and prerequisite for the success of the construction of the platform for basic conditions of science and technology. According to the principle of "integration, * * enjoyment, perfection and improvement" and drawing lessons from foreign successful experience, we will formulate standards and norms for various scientific and technological resources and establish a system of policies and regulations to promote the enjoyment of scientific and technological resources. According to the characteristics of different types of scientific and technological resources, a flexible and diverse sharing mode is adopted to break the current pattern of fragmentation, mutual closure and repeated dispersion.

X. Talent team building

Scientific and technological innovation, talent-oriented. Talent resources have become the most important strategic resources. It is necessary to implement the strategy of strengthening the country through talents, strengthen the construction of scientific and technological talents, and provide talent guarantee for the implementation of this outline.

1. Speed up training and bring up a group of world-class senior experts.

It is necessary to rely on major scientific research and construction projects, key disciplines and scientific research bases, and international academic exchange and cooperation projects to increase the training of academic leaders and actively promote the construction of innovative teams. Focus on discovering and cultivating a group of strategic scientists and scientific and technological management experts. Special policies should be implemented for senior experts in core technology fields. Further eliminate the phenomenon of seniority and quick success in scientific research, and pay close attention to training and bringing up a group of young and middle-aged senior experts. We will improve the system of high-level talents such as professional titles, academicians, special government allowances and postdoctoral system, further form an institutional system for training and selecting senior experts, and let a large number of outstanding top-notch talents stand out.

2. Give full play to the important role of education in cultivating innovative talents.

Strengthen the organic combination of scientific and technological innovation and personnel training, and encourage scientific research institutes and institutions of higher learning to cooperate in training research-oriented talents. Support graduate students to participate in or undertake scientific research projects, encourage undergraduates to invest in scientific research, and cultivate their exploration interest and scientific spirit in innovative practice. Colleges and universities should adapt to the national science and technology development strategy and the market demand for innovative talents, set up some interdisciplinary and emerging disciplines in a timely and reasonable manner, and adjust the professional structure. Strengthen vocational education, continuing education and training, and cultivate all kinds of practical and technical talents to meet the needs of economic and social development. It is necessary to deepen the reform of teaching content and teaching methods in primary and secondary schools, comprehensively promote quality education and improve scientific and cultural literacy.

3. Support enterprises to cultivate and attract scientific and technological talents

The state encourages enterprises to employ high-level scientific and technological talents and train outstanding scientific and technological talents, and gives policy support. Encourage and guide scientific and technological personnel of scientific research institutes and universities to enter the market for innovation and entrepreneurship. Scientific and technical personnel from institutions of higher learning and research institutes are allowed to work part-time in enterprises for technology development. Guide college graduates to find jobs in enterprises. Encourage enterprises to cooperate with universities and research institutes to cultivate technical talents. Multi-channel and multi-channel training of high-level engineering and technical personnel in enterprises. State-owned high-tech enterprises are allowed to implement incentive policies such as options for technical backbones and management backbones, and explore specific ways to establish knowledge, technology, management and other factors to participate in distribution. Support enterprises to attract and recruit foreign scientists and engineers.

4. Intensify efforts to attract overseas students and overseas high-level talents.

Formulate and implement plans to attract outstanding overseas students to return to China, focusing on attracting high-level talents and talents in short supply. Take various ways to establish a talent introduction mechanism that meets the characteristics of overseas students. Increase funding for high-level overseas students to return to China. Vigorously strengthen the construction of overseas students' entrepreneurial base. Improve the policies and measures for overseas students to serve the country. Increase the open recruitment of high-level innovative talents. Senior scientific research posts such as laboratory directors and academic leaders of key scientific research institutions will be gradually recruited at home and abroad. Implement attractive policies and measures to attract overseas high-level outstanding scientific and technological talents and teams to work in China.

5. Construct a cultural environment conducive to the growth of innovative talents.

Advocate the patriotic spirit of hard work and self-dedication, the scientific spirit of seeking truth from facts and being brave in innovation, and the team spirit of unity and cooperation and indifference to fame and fortune. Advocate rational doubt and criticism, respect individuality, tolerate failure, advocate academic freedom and democracy, encourage people to explore and innovate, and boldly put forward new theories and theories. Stimulate innovative thinking, enliven academic atmosphere, and strive to form a relaxed, harmonious, healthy and upward innovative cultural atmosphere. Strengthen the construction of professional ethics in scientific research and curb impetuous atmosphere and academic unhealthy trends in scientific and technological research.