Owen's classical Chinese

1. Read the following classical Chinese and complete the essay 1:A essay 1:C essay 1:B essay 1:( 1) If that person is ugly, what else can be written on the inscription? What does the inscription say? This is the difference between inscriptions and history books (for different reasons).

(2) There is no other reason (no other reason), the person entrusted is inappropriate, and the content written is unfair and untrue. (3) Therefore, it is impossible for people who are not good at writing articles to have high moral cultivation, isn't it? Question 1: Zheng people who have shoes should sit on their feet first and forget to do it when they get to town.

Having fulfilled his promise, he said, "I forgot to insist." Instead, it is.

The anti-urban strike cannot be realized. (Every third bid is 1, * * 3) Xiao Wen 1: Yan: Jing Xiao Wen 1: ② It means that even the wicked should engrave words to boast to future generations; (3) said the inscription because of human feelings, can't write down the evil deeds of the deceased; ⑥ It means that people have morality, but there is a small problem 1: It means that people are kind but evil.

Question 1: This question examines translation ability. The sampling points are: (1) "Gou" 1, "So" 1, and the general idea is 1.

(2) "non-human" is 1, "yes" is 1, and the effect is 1. (3) "Animal Morality" is 1, "Ran" is 1, and the effect is 1.

Question 1: This question examines sentence breaks. This topic is very story-telling, but it should be more concise than other articles, so there are more short sentences.

There is a man in the state of Zheng who is going to buy shoes. He measured his feet first, then put the ruler on the seat casually, but he forgot to bring it when he went to the market. Before I said "I forgot my ruler", I had chosen my shoes.

So he went home to get it. By the time I came back, the market had already dispersed and I didn't buy any shoes.

The man who was entrusted last autumn has returned, thanks to a letter and a tombstone for my late father. Reading and reading repeatedly, gratitude and shame coexist.

Inscriptions and other articles have attracted the attention of the world because they have similar significance to history books, but they are different from history books. Because history books should describe people's good and evil, but the inscriptions are different. Because some people in ancient times had something commendable in political achievements, morality, talent, behavior, ambition and morality, and they were afraid that future generations would not know, they had to write inscriptions for the world to see.

Some are collected in temples at home, and some are stored in graves. The intention is the same. If that is a wicked man, what does the inscription say? This is the difference between inscriptions and history books.

The inscription is written to make the deceased have no regrets and the living can pay tribute. Good people are willing to let their stories be told, and they will try to establish their own image; If the wicked have nothing to remember, they will feel shame and fear.

As for those who are well-informed, well-informed, courageous, and stick to moral integrity, and their kind words and deeds will be written in the inscription, which will be enough to become an example for future generations. The significance of this kind of warning and exhortation in the inscription is not close to the history books, so what is it close to? When the world is in decline, people who are descendants praise their ancestors wholeheartedly and will not act according to reason.

Therefore, even the wicked should carve inscriptions and boast to future generations. The person who wrote the inscription could not refuse, and because it was asked by the descendants of the deceased to write down the evil deeds of the deceased, it was not in line with human feelings, so the content of the inscription began to be untrue.

If future generations want to ask the person who wrote the inscription for help, they should observe the author's character. If you entrust the wrong person, then the inscription will be unfair, untrue, unworthy of being popular in the contemporary era and unworthy of being recited by future generations.

Therefore, for thousands of years, there was not a person in Li Xiang who was not inscribed after his death, from a doctor or doctor to a scholar, but not many were handed down. There is no other reason, the client is inappropriate, and the content written is unfair and untrue.

On this basis, who is the right person who can be completely fair and realistic? I don't think people who are good at writing articles without high moral cultivation can do it. Because people with moral cultivation will not accept the entrustment to inscribe for them when they meet the wicked, and they can distinguish clearly when they meet ordinary people.

A person's character includes a kind-hearted person with evil deeds, a treacherous person with good appearance, a person who is very different from good and evil but difficult to specify accurately, a person whose actual behavior is greater than his reputation, and a person whose reputation is greater than his actual behavior. It's like employing people. How can a person without moral cultivation distinguish between good and evil without being confused, and how can he make fair comments without favoritism? Not confused, not selfish, just fair, just realistic! However, if his writing is not exquisite, then his inscription will still not be circulated in the world, which requires him to write well.

Therefore, people who are not good at writing articles can't have high moral cultivation, can they? People with high moral cultivation and good at writing articles sometimes appear in the same era, but sometimes it may take decades or even hundreds of years to appear. It is already difficult to spread the inscription, and it is even more difficult to meet the right author.

Morality and articles like Mr. Wang are really rare for hundreds of years. The words and deeds of our ancestors were excellent. Fortunately, I met Mr. Wang who wrote an inscription on justice and seeking truth from facts for him. There is no doubt that it can be popular in contemporary times and spread to future generations.

Scholars all over the world often shed tears unconsciously whenever they read the deeds of the ancients recorded in biographies and see those touching places, let alone their descendants. Besides, what about me, Ceng Gong? When I think of the virtue of respecting ancestors and the reason why it can be spread, I understand the significance of my husband's inscription, but it has benefited our three generations. How can I express my gratitude and gratitude? .

2. How influential is Lin Shu's translation? With the development of modern education and science, the subject of literature came into being, and then the concept of literary masterpieces came into being. This is a special ideology that has evolved with time, which should be well-founded. Eagleton even thinks that aesthetics (or aesthetics) is also an ideology, because the concept of literary masterpieces is the multiple choices and results of certain cultural groups (especially elites).

Not only the popularity of vernacular Chinese and modern China, but also the new literature movement revolutionized the consciousness of classical Chinese classics, and the Europeanization concept won universal victory. Undoubtedly, Lin Shu was the first person to introduce western modern literature. Zheng Zhenduo (1924.5438+01.1) wrote: "On the one hand, I am naturally very grateful to Mr. Lin Qinnan, because he introduced many important world masterpieces to us, but on the other hand, it is a pity that most of his work was wasted. Only these 60 or 70 kinds are famous, among which there are 27 kinds of second-class novels by Haggard and Conan Doyle, so among these 156 kinds, only one-third are important works, and the others are second-and third-rate works, so there is no need to translate them. "

[1] From the perspective of literary history, Zheng Zhenduo's immortal masterpieces include works by Aesop, Shakespeare, Defoe, Fielding, Swift, Scott, Lamb, Dickens, Owen, Montesquieu, Dumas, Balzac, Hugo, Ibsen, Cervantes, Tolstoy, Dev Kenjiro and so on. Hu Shi's "Fifty Years of China Literature" wrote: "Lin Shu's experiment in translating novels with ancient * * * has finally achieved great results.

Classical Chinese has never written a novel. Lin Shu translated 100 kinds of classical Chinese novels, which made many people who studied from him translate many classical Chinese novels. There is nothing funny about ancient Chinese. Lin Shu has actually translated the works of Owen and Dickens into ancient Chinese. Ancient prose is not long enough to write about love. Lin Shu actually translated La Traviata and Jia Yin Biography in ancient Chinese.

Since Sima Qian, there has never been such a great achievement in the application of ancient Chinese prose. [2] Lu Xun admitted that the foreign novels translated by Lin Shu in ancient Chinese were really good and very popular; Lu Xun also pointed out that Lin Shu translated "well-known" novels, such as Scott, Dickens, Defoe, Swift, Irving, Telford Lu Hua, Don Quixote by Cervantes and Genganger by Ibsen.

Hu Shi, Lu Xun and Zheng Zhenduo all have different names for Lin Shu's translations, and their translations generally have different connotations. They all unanimously denied Haggard and Conan Doyle. [3] Perhaps, I don't need to list here the great differences in the requirement of 1925 Beijing Daily Supplement that "young people must study".

Translated classics by Lin and translated classics and translated works are two concepts that are easily entangled and confused. The new school of literature has always been troubled by the concept of a literary masterpiece, but Lin Shu has different views on the masterpiece, and the Commercial Press is more inclined to the current popular bestseller. Lin Shu's translation experience can be divided into three periods: the late Qing Dynasty (1898- 19 12), the early Republic of China (1912-1965438) and the period of innovation (/).

Lin Shu's rich experience in translating western literature (mainly novels) has established his own view of famous works, which is mainly based on the analogy and adaptation of China's view of classical poetry and prose. Lin Shu's "Biography of Saxon Heroes" wrote: "Western languages have existed since ancient times. I knew Dumas and his son in France, and in England and China, but Mr. Hager's and Mr. Shi Si's books are particularly different in painting. Despite the differences between Chinese and Western languages, I can't get what I want even though I want to be private. "

For these western masterpieces, Lin Shu's thoughts are often stained with the moralization of China's classics. The Legacy of La Traviata in Paris translated by Lin Shu and Wang Shouchang can be classified as a literary masterpiece, while the Biography of Lv Shulan by Lin Shu wrote: "I once translated the Legacy of La Traviata and cried three times, thinking that women in the world are more temperamental than literati, and those literati must be Pang Long and." The matter is fierce, that is, the matter of Long and Bi is the matter of Jie Li and Zhou. If Valerie and Zhou killed the dragon, Bi and Long, and Bi didn't regret it, then Yameng killed Kyle, did Kyle regret it? So I said: the world will be like a dragon, and competitors are enough to compete for the bid.

I also think that although the temperament of women in the world is not as good as that of Mark, there are very few people who oppose Mark. It should be said that Lin Shu's conservative view of famous works has deviated from the standard of literary history and is far from the cognitive model of western literature. Lin Shu abides by the concept of China's classical poetry and carefully maintains the boundary of China's traditional literature.

From the perspective of genealogy, literary masterpieces must contain a relatively common reading group in time and region. Lin's above-mentioned translations were first of all best-selling works in the late Qing Dynasty. Undoubtedly, Lin Shu's translation of ancient Chinese prose has considerable value and artistic power, and both translators and readers regard it as a serious work, although it deviates from the standard of Europeanization of literary history. 1929-37 Universal Library, Commercial Press, collected six famous works, including Legacy of La Traviata, A Piece of Meat for the Rest of My Life, Introduction to Saxon Heroes after Robbery, Robinson Crusoe and Legend of Chivalrous Men. So after the final victory of new literature, some western classical Chinese novels translated by Lin Shu established the status of China's modern masterpieces. English poets translated by Lin Shu and Wei Yi include Frontier Chat (1904), History of Thieves (1905), Zhang Zhangji (1907) and The Story of a Piece of Meat for the Rest of My Life (1908).

More importantly, these "translated novels by Lin" have been generally accepted and won more favorable comments. It is worth pointing out that misty rain on the salt side and Zhang Zhanglu are prose works, not novels. Scott's historical novel Ivanhoe occupies an important position in the history of English literature. Zhou Zuoren's Lu Xun and the Literary World in the Late Qing Dynasty wrote: "The translation of La Traviata is not bad, but what we admire after reading it is actually the introduction of The Legend of the Heroes of Saxony, which was originally a famous translation of the same name.

3. About the drunken pavilion: What is what (1922-), essayist and playwright, from Dinghai, Zhejiang. He is the author of Qing Gejiang, Brocade Collection, Window Collection, What is Prose Collection, Journey to Hokkaido, etc. When he was young, he recited Ouyang Xiu's name. The extraordinary brushwork of the first sentence "Surrounding the Chu River is also a mountain" and "The meaning of drunkenness is not in the wine, but also in the mountains and rivers" have become common allusions in life language, which is heartbreaking. Last autumn, I was invited to Chuzhou for the first time and finally enjoyed the picturesque scenery of Langshan. I feel that this famous mountain and great river has long been written by Ouyang Xiu, and I don't know where to start. I didn't expect to have Chuzhou again in October this year. The first prose festival named Zuiweng Pavilion was held there. Unlike the sunshine last autumn, this is a continuous autumn rain. The propaganda minister of the municipal party Committee held an umbrella and said with a smile that Zuiwengting described the four seasons landscape and the changes of the mountain, except for the rainy scenery. This "comment" made me realize something. I drove out of town that day and got off at Langgu Road for a walk. Wet broad green slate. If you enter a dark and lonely place, you can see the rut of the ancient plank road, which reminds people of distant years. Passing an ancient stone bridge covered with moss, you can see pavilions and pavilions shaded by green trees. A group of Suzhou garden buildings are close to the cliff, which is the location of the famous Zuiweng Pavilion in ancient and modern times. When Zuiweng Pavilion was built in the early Song Dynasty, it was actually just an isolated mountain pavilion. Ouyang Xiu was demoted more than 900 years ago. After working for about two years and three months, he is deeply concerned about the times, attached to mountains and rivers, and often goes to this mountain to drink and write poems. The abbot of Langya Temple sympathized with Ouyang Xiu's situation and especially admired his literary talent. He specially built a pavilion in Jiasheng, halfway up the mountain, for the satrap to rest and drink. Ouyang Xiu was only forty years old, so he called it Zuiwengting, and his masterpiece Zuiwengting was handed down from generation to generation. There is an illusion that transcends time and space. After crossing the old bridge, I suddenly heard the sound of water. It turned out to be rainy for days, and the mountain stream was fast-flowing, with bright water and silver. The stream bypasses the square stone pool and the water in the pool is crystal clear. This is what Owen called "the spring in the making". Drinking water is sweet. I wonder if the "brewing spring" at this moment is a satrap brewing spring. The landscape is still there, the monuments are still there, and the drunkenness is still there. People don't want the beautiful scenery of poetry and painting expressed in the drunken pavilion to disappear from the world. It must be to satisfy the wishes of those who come from afar to visit ancient secluded places. Now Zuiweng Pavilion has developed into "Nine Courtyards and Seven Pavilions", also known as "Nine Scenes of Zuiweng", which are all expanded according to some artistic conception in Owen. It can't be compared with the solitary pavilions in Shan Ye. For example, the prefect and guests come here to drink, and the small courtyards on the lintel, such as "between mountains and rivers" and "with pavilions and wings", are all named after Owen. In this group of buildings, "drunk" and "awake" are the main ones, while the latter, such as "awake garden" and "awake pavilion", seems to be Ouyang. I think it's all a gesture. His original intention is to "care about mountains and rivers", even if there is a little bit of drunkenness to see the world, he is actually sober. Today's Zuiweng Pavilion, located in the east courtyard of the main entrance, is an elegant cornice pavilion. On the boulder beside the pavilion, three characters of Zuiwengting are engraved, and the stone tablet is lying on its side, seemingly drunk. It's windy and rainy in Mao Mao in the pavilion. A more credible statement refers to Ouyang Xiu and Su Dongpo. There is a tall statue of Ouyang Xiu here. Walking outside the house, I suddenly feel that some historical sites are still "empty", which gives me more room for manoeuvre and can stimulate love. In the final analysis, this is also a patriotic feeling, I think so. It is about three feet wide from "Erxiantang" to "Baosongzhai" in the west. The front and back of the two monuments are engraved with the full text of Su Dongpo's Zuiweng Pavilion, each word is three inches square. The word "Owen Su" is a monument, a rare treasure, how precious! However, in the decade of that disaster, there were ignorant and violent people smearing ancient monuments with cement, which was almost indistinguishable. These two giant steles are not only the witness of historical civilization, but also the proof left by the barbaric times. Tourists stop to watch and sigh. Although a hexagonal antique "stele pavilion" has been built in recent years, the ancient stele in "Baosongzhai" has been processed and printed, and another stele has been erected here. Has become an irreparable defect. The opening ceremony of the first Zuiwengting Prose Festival was held in Jiexing Pavilion behind the Monument Pavilion. Gjesing Pavilion is an imitation of Ming Dynasty architecture, echoing one end of Zuiweng Pavilion everywhere. On this day, it is rare for the prose colleagues from North and South to get together. Some old friends failed to attend the meeting as scheduled. I just looked at the rain outside the balcony. The forest valley of Langshan Mountain is full of greenery, and it turns into green fog in the misty rain, which makes people intoxicated. It suddenly occurred to me that this trip to the drunken pavilion in the rain dates back nearly a thousand years. When people trace back to Ouyang Xiu's travels with people in Langshan in those years, isn't he drunk and half awake? Outside the courtyard wall of Zuiweng Pavilion, there is a towering old tree with a huge crown overlooking the rushing mountain stream. According to botanists' appraisal, this elm tree has only been seen on Wolf Mountain so far, and it is called "Shu Lang" or "Zuiwengting Tree". I took a piece with its name as a souvenir and brought it back. Only the original text was found, but there was no answer.