Jincheng Ancient Town in Gudian Country

Jincheng Town, Jinning County is located on the east bank of Dianchi Lake, surrounded by mountains on three sides and lakeside hilly plain on one side. Here, there are criss-crossing buildings, criss-crossing fields and ten thousand mu of fertile land. About 5 kilometers west of the ancient town is Shizhai Mountain, a famous national key cultural relics protection unit. This is the final destination of several generations of Dian kings, their families and servants, the capital of ancient Dian kingdom in Jincheng town and the birthplace of Dian culture.

From the old China period to the Tang Dynasty, Jincheng Town has always been the political, economic and cultural center of Yunnan.

When Emperor Wendi of Sui Dynasty ruled China, Jincheng, as the county seat of Ningzhou, was once "expanded by the secretariat of Liang Pi, building nine gates and twelve roads", which shows the grand scale at that time. In the 22nd year of Chenghua in Ming Dynasty (A.D. 1486), a brick city was built, and four gates, Longxiang, Nanxun, Fengdong and Gongcheng, were built in the southeast and northwest. Hundreds of years later, they were repaired or destroyed from time to time. By the time of field survey in 1954, the damaged ancient city wall was 4 100 meters long and 4 meters high.

In the ancient town, most of the houses and public buildings in the Ming and Qing Dynasties are now well preserved, and people can still imagine the prosperity of the ancient town. On May 20, 2003, Kunming Daily reported: "The ancient town has a long history, unique ancient residential courtyard, unique street pattern and exquisite architectural carving art, which has attracted great attention from experts of Zurich Cultural Relics Protection Bureau. Twenty of them visited the ancient town three times and were amazed at the lost civilization of ancient Yunnan. "

The ancient city of Jincheng has a special position in the history of architecture and urban construction. The well-preserved urban construction layout of Ming and Qing Dynasties covers an area of more than 600,000 square meters. It consists of eight streets in the old city, including Shangxi Street, Xiaxi Street and Guan Jing Street, with dozens of alleys. This architectural style has been preserved from the Wanli period of the Ming Dynasty. Most of the residential courtyards preserved in the streets and alleys are "dry fence" and "one seal" structures, with a quadrangle layout of "three rooms and four ears" or "two rooms and two ears", a beam-lifting roof truss, a combination of double eaves and mountains, carved doors and windows, carved dragons and carved phoenixes, flowers and trees, exquisite and exquisite, which have been highly praised by Chinese and foreign experts! Wipe away the thick dust on the house, and the dazzling national art is instantly presented to people.

In ancient rural towns in China, except those near rivers and streams, most of them dug wells, while there were many ancient wells in Jincheng, which was unexpected to most people. More than n anecdotes and legends about water wells can be collected in Jincheng. No matter how credible these legends are, what people see today is the spectacle of the well folk custom "every family has a well and every household has a clear spring"! In the ancient town, almost all the houses have a well, which the locals call a "private well". It is particularly worth mentioning that these wells are not in the yard, but directly dug by the kitchen stove of the host family, which brings great convenience to life!

Corresponding to these private wells, there are also some wells scattered on the street outside the house. These wells are called "official wells", hence the name of Jingcheng Street in Jincheng. Without exception, these ancient wells have different characteristics from those in other places. First, the wellhead is small, with a diameter of only about 20 cm; Secondly, there is a symmetrical hole on both sides of the well site. The local old man explained that the wellhead is small to prevent suicide, and the holes on both sides of the well site are to lock the manhole cover and prevent the bad guys from poisoning! What a wise thought and thoughtful prevention, this is the creative life of the ancient town people, which provides us with unlimited space for daydreaming. Due to the long history, the grinding marks left by the owner's family who used the well rope to carry water up and down day after day were deeply imprinted on the mine field. This is the mark of the past years, and it is a life reminder left by generations of Jincheng people's joys and sorrows.

The natural landscape around the ancient town of Jincheng is very beautiful. The famous five-character ancient poem "A line of 23 miles, four or five smoke villages, six or seven pagodas and eighty or ninety flowers" describes and praises this landscape. According to textual research by Mr. Li, a scholar of local chronicles in Jinning, this poem was written by Wang Shouzuo, a juren in the ugly year of Shunzhi in Qing Dynasty (A.D. 1625), in Selected Works of Sining Culture in/989. Wang is from Jinsha, Jinning. This poem describes the rural scenery in spring from the East Gate of Jincheng to Panlong Temple. The author and friends went out for a spring outing. The road to the west of Dongmen is full of peach blossoms and willow greens. There are four or five families in a village called Chae Yeon Village on the roadside, with bamboo fences and vegetable fields. It is a beautiful pastoral scenery in spring! After a few miles, I came to Panlong Ancient Temple, a famous colorful temple in central Yunnan, and photocopied it on the balcony.

Climbing Rizhao Mountain, the main peak of Panlong Temple at an altitude of 2 174 meters, Lin Tao bursts, looking around, and carefully looking at Shizhai Mountain in the Western Han Tomb, Tiannv City built by Li Xiu, the heroine of Ningzhou in Jin Dynasty, the stone statue of Stone King in Song Dynasty, Bazaar thorn in Yuan Dynasty, and Wangshan, the place where Valmy buried his bones. Crossing the misty Dianchi Lake, overlooking Taihua, Biji, Yuxia and other peaks, sunrise and sunset, from now to now, endless vicissitudes of the ancient town!

There are many stone tablets that record biographies, inscriptions, events and epitaphs of historical figures, which is another major feature of Jincheng ancient town. Such as: Jincheng remnant monument, the former site monument of Dianchi County in Zhou Hanyi County, the temple monument of Mrs. Zhong Lieming Hui (Li Xiu), the preface monument of Xiangshan Academy, the monument of Gong Xue in Jinning Prefecture, the monument of Baoyun Tower of Dajue Zen Master, the monument of Confucius, the monument of Lengyangchun and the monument of homeland.

Jincheng has been the main road from central Yunnan to southern Yunnan since ancient times, and many main roads such as Kunming to Luoda, Kunming to Ximeng, Kunyang to Jiangchuan meet here. Dianchi Lake has convenient water transportation, and large livestock, grain, vermicelli and other local products and commodities traveling to and from Kunming, Yuxi, Mengzi, Jianshui and Gejiu are transferred here. Therefore, prosperity was formed here in ancient times. Jincheng, one of the eight famous towns in Yunnan, is a state street with a long history, which breeds many appetizing local snacks, such as baked wheat cake, crispy rice crust, rock sugar sand cake, crispy stewed spring roll powder, bean curd, etc.

Today's Jincheng Town, there are Kunyu Expressway and Jinjiang Highway crossing the border. After Dianchi Lake expressway is completed and opened to traffic, Kunming to Jincheng can be reached immediately. By then, the convenient transportation, the cultural landscape of the ancient capital of Yunnan with a long history, the unique famous temples, exotic flowers and unique snacks will surely attract many tourists at home and abroad. The wave of Jincheng, tourism culture and tourism economy on the bank of Dianchi Lake has begun to surge. ...

Yunnan Institute of Archaeology cooperated with the University of Michigan to carry out a three-year regional archaeological survey in Dianchi Lake. Archaeologists in the two countries have made an amazing discovery: in the center of Jincheng Town, Jinning County, the remains of a large building are exposed on the ground and judged to be cultural relics of the Han and Jin Dynasties, which has never been found in previous archaeology in this province. The discovery site is about 5 kilometers away from Shizhai Mountain, the land of Wang Jinyin in Yunnan, and it is compared with the satellite map of the ancient city site in the 1970s-it is located in the northeast corner of the ancient city site on the satellite map. Archaeologists speculate that this may be the site of Guyizhou County that archaeologists have been looking for for for decades, that is, the site of the ancient Dianwangcheng. Yesterday, Jiang Zhinong, a researcher at the Provincial Institute of Archaeology, led a reporter to discover that he drove from Kunming 1 hour to Jinning County. At the foot of Xiangshan Mountain in the core area of Jincheng Town, Jiang Zhinong carefully pointed to some building components such as rope tiles and pipe tiles, as well as some shallow-buried pottery.

Professor Hunter, an American archaeologist, has been carrying a satellite image of the 1970s, which clearly shows that there is a rectangular ancient city ruins in a rectangular golden town area. Scholars compared the newly discovered ruins with this satellite image and found a surprise: this is in the northeast corner of the ancient city ruins on the satellite image. Satellite maps show that the ruins of the ancient city were covered by a large number of modern buildings, and the site where the ruins were found was also the only part of Jincheng town that was not superimposed by modern buildings, which was only the corner of the city site on the satellite map at that time. Scholars began to get excited.

According to reports, 20 12 is the first year of Sino-US cooperation in the archaeological investigation of prehistoric settlements in Dianchi Lake area. The survey area includes Jincheng Town, Shangsuan Township and Xinjie Township in Jinning County, with a survey area of 60 square kilometers. Why have the cultural relics here never been seen before? What buildings have ever been here? If it is indeed a part of an ancient city (town), what ancient town is it? Chinese and American archaeologists speculate that this is probably the site of the county seat of Zhou Hanyi County, which archaeologists have been searching for for for decades, that is, the location of the ancient Dianwangcheng. Because it is newly built here, the remaining area is less than 6.5438+0 million square meters. Archaeologists are eager to get the attention of relevant departments and conduct rescue archaeological excavations here in order to uncover the mystery of the ancient king city in Yunnan, which existed for 500 years before 2000.