High score. . . Regarding raising sheep, is Anqing City, Anhui Province suitable for raising sheep? What kind of sheep is suitable for raising? Can you concentrate completely?

Anqing City is located in the southwest of Anhui Province, on the north bank of the lower reaches of the Yangtze River, and is a famous port city along the Yangtze River. It has the reputation that "the Yangtze River seals its throat and Wu Chu is the first state in Xinjiang".

On the farm, it is very suitable for raising sheep!

Sheep raising technology

I. Goat breeds

1. Nanjiang Antelope: It is produced in Daba Mountain area of Sichuan Province, with yellow fur and black fur belt on the back edge. It is tall, deep-chested, with stout limbs, well-proportioned appearance and rapid growth. The average annual weight is 28-32kg, and the adult weight is 40-60kg. Good meat production performance. Generally, the slaughter rate of one-year-old castrated rams is about 50%, and that of adult castrated rams can reach more than 55%. The net meat weight is 10-20 kg. The board has high quality, large area and reproducibility. Generally, the mating age is about 8 months, and the ram 12 ~ 18 months. The average lambing rate is around 195%, the multiparous sheep is over 200%, and the double (multiple) lambing rate is generally around 85%. The reproductive survival rate can reach about 90%; Good at climbing, sociability, strong appetite, extensive endurance and easy management.

2. Mayang, Chengdu: It is produced in Chengdu Plain in Sichuan and its surrounding mountainous and hilly areas. Male and female sheep have horns and whiskers, and the proportion is symmetrical. Ram's forequarters are well developed, while ewe's hindquarters are plump, breasts are well developed, and their figure is rectangular, with short brown coat and light yellow hair, like thrush birds. Adult weight: 43kg ram, 32kg ewe, 36kg one-year-old ram and 23kg ewe. The slaughter rate of adult castrated ram is 54%, the net meat rate is 38%, and the one-year-old ram is 49.7% and 35% respectively. Early sexual maturity, perennial estrus, strong fertility, 1 2 births per year, lambing rate of 2 10%.

3. Wanzai goat: produced in Wanzai County of our province, it is divided into two types: wood sheep and fire sheep. He is large, gentle and flexible, with white and black fur. There are a few black and white flowers and hemp color, developed limbs and strong constitution, suitable for mountain climbing and long-distance grazing, and very resistant to rough feeding. The annual weight 19 kg is above, and the average slaughter rate is about 50%. Strong reproductive ability, mating in 5-6 months, giving birth to 2 lambs per fetus, up to 4 lambs in many cases, and 2 lambs per year.

4. Pingxiang goat: produced in the hilly area of Pingxiang City, our province. Body length, thick limbs, hard hoofs, hemp color, others are black, black, white and gray. The average weight of one-year-old sheep is 18 kg, and that of adult sheep is 25 kg. Sexual maturity is early, mating takes 5-6 months, and each child has 1-2 lambs, with a maximum of 6 lambs. The slaughter rate is around 45%.

Second, the sheep shed construction and ancillary facilities

1. Selection of sheepfold address:

(1) The terrain is relatively high with south slope, and the soil is well drained and dry.

(2) There is sufficient pasture, and there is abundant clean cloth water near the forage base.

(3) There are no epidemic diseases in and around this area.

(4) The traffic is convenient, but a certain distance should be kept from the traffic line to reduce the chance of disease transmission.

2. Requirements for building sheep houses

(1) Reasonable layout: Sheep raising area should be separated from office and living area, and pens should be built under offices or houses. The sheep shed is built in the downwind, more than 200 meters away from the ewe shed, and the lamb and sheep shed are built in the upwind; The adult sheephouse is built in the middle; The isolation house for sick sheep should be 300 meters away from healthy sheep.

(2) Building area: 1.5-2.0 square meters per vertical pole; 0.8- 1.0 m2 per ewe; 0.6-0.8 square meters of sheep; 0.5-0.6 square meters of mutton; Castrate the ram by 0.6-0.8 square meters; 2.2-2.5 square meters for ewes in late pregnancy or lactation. The number of lambing laps is generally calculated according to 25% of the total number of basic ewes, and there should be heating equipment indoors to keep the delivery room at a certain temperature.

(3) Moderate height: Generally, the height of the roof is about 2.5 meters, so it is necessary to prevent heatstroke and cool down.

(4) The doors and windows are spacious and bright: sheep live in the house, and the entrance and exit doors are easily crowded. Generally, the door is 3 meters wide and 2 meters high. When the number of sheep is small, it can be slightly narrower, and 1.5-2.0 meters is appropriate. There should be enough light in the sheepfold, and the window area generally accounts for115 of the ground area. The window should face the sun and be more than 1.5 meters away from the ground.

(5) Drying of sheep beds: the sheep shed is built as a balcony, and the sheep beds are made of wood strips or bamboo pieces, with the spacing of wood strips or bamboo pieces of 1.0- 1.5 cm, so as to facilitate downward leakage of feces, and the distance from the balcony to the ground of 1.5- 1.8 m, so as to facilitate feces cleaning.

3. Ancillary equipment of sheephouse

(1) Feeding trough: 1 Fixed or rectangular feeding trough. It is more durable to build a rectangular fixed feeding trough with bricks, stones and cement in the feeding yard. According to the number of sheep, several rows can be built side by side. 2. Movable wooden trough. Made of wooden boards, each about 2-3m long, 25cm wide at the top, 20cm wide at the bottom and15cm high.

(2) Water tank: In the playground, a water tank should be set up, which can be made of cement and has the same shape and size as the feeding tank.

(3) Straw rack: The sheepfold is made into an inverted triangular straw rack with battens, and the spacing between battens is generally 9- 10 cm, so that sheep can eat grass outside the straw rack, which can reduce waste and avoid forage pollution.

(4) Female pen and lamb pen.

Three, breeding sheep feeding management

Breeding rams should maintain a balanced physical state all year round, that is, maintain an upper-middle weight and maintain a strong, lively and energetic constitution. That is, neither too fat nor too thin. To this end, we must master three points:

1. Complete nutrition: For every 1 ml of semen produced by breeding ram, it is necessary to digest about 50g of crude protein. When vitamin A is insufficient, rams have poor sexual desire and poor semen quality. When vitamin E is deficient, the epithelium formed by living and dead organs and sperm will be diseased. Breeding rams consume the most nutrition and physical strength during the breeding period, and the diet needs rich and comprehensive nutrition. Small and diverse in size, easy to digest and good in palatability. Especially, protein feed has good quality, high protein content and no toxicity. Generally, nutrition should be strengthened before the start of breeding 1.5 months, and concentrated feed can be fed at 60-70% of the feeding period. In the breeding season, with the increase of breeding (or sperm collection) times of breeding rams, in addition to supplying sufficient plant protein, vitamins and minerals (including macro and trace elements such as calcium, phosphorus, zinc and selenium), certain animal feed, such as fresh eggs or milk, should also be fed.

2. Careful management. Always pay attention to the appetite of breeding rams to prevent fighting and comparison with each other; Adhere to proper exercise, promote metabolism and enhance physical fitness; Avoid shrubs or branches when grazing, so as not to cut the scrotum and affect breeding; Feed ewes separately, and pay attention to stay away from ewes when grazing; Rams should not eat too much before collecting sperm or mating.

3. Eliminate bad sheep. Select and keep breeding rams from the offspring of rams with strong reproductive capacity, regularly check the semen quality of rams, including PH value, vitality, deformity rate, etc., and timely eliminate rams with low reproductive capacity or infertility.

Four, breeding sheep feeding management

1. Nutritional requirements of pregnant ewes. In the first three months of pregnancy, the fetus is mainly composed of various organs, and its growth and development are very slow. The weight gain only accounts for about 10% of the birth weight. Therefore, at this stage, there is less demand for various nutrients, but the nutritional level of feed is high, which can ensure the normal growth and development of various tissues and organs.

In the third trimester of pregnancy, the fetus grows rapidly and gains weight rapidly. During this period, fetal weight gain accounts for about 90% of neonatal weight, which requires a lot of nutrients. Generally speaking, the energy supply of ewes in the late pregnancy should be 26-33% higher than usual. The protein requirement of pregnant ewes should be increased by 80% on the basis of maintaining the requirement. During pregnancy, minerals are insufficient, fetal bones are underdeveloped, and lambs are prone to rickets; In order to meet the needs of the fetus, ewes will use calcium and phosphorus in their bones, which will lead to osteoporosis and even paralysis. The mineral requirement of ewes is about 1 10% of the nutritional requirement in the first trimester and more than 200% in the third trimester.

Ewes are extremely sensitive to vitamins, mainly vitamin A and carotene. When lacking, ewes stop estrus or have abnormal estrus; Causing the ewe to miscarry; Fetal malformation, or weak lambs and dead lambs. The demand for vitamins is about twice as much as usual.

2. Nutritional needs of lactating ewes. Goat milk is rich in milk protein, cheese, lactose, milk fat and vitamins. The ewe produces 65438 0 kg of milk, which can digest about 66 grams of protein, 2.4 grams of phosphorus and 3.6 grams of calcium, with a net energy of 3.55 megajoules. The content of protein in general feed should be 1.4 ~ 1.6 times higher than that in milk. For example, when the supply in protein is insufficient, the milk yield decreases, the milk fat rate decreases, and the physical condition of sheep becomes worse. There should be enough fat in the feed. If it is insufficient, protein will be converted into fat to meet the needs of milk fat production, which is extremely uneconomical. Vitamins play an important role in breast-feeding. It will inhibit the development of lambs, especially the digestion and absorption of calcium and phosphorus, and it is easy to suffer from chondrosis, so vitamins must be supplemented.

Five, lamb feeding management

(1) feeding

1. Eat bovine colostrum early: bovine colostrum plays a particularly important role in the health of lambs. Lambs are generally required to eat colostrum within 2 hours after delivery, which will make them strong, have strong disease resistance, grow fast and have high survival rate. /kloc-lambs under 0/month should be mainly breastfed, supplemented by forage.

2. Start eating early and feeding early: 40 to 80 days after birth is the same as breastfeeding time. Lambs have learned to eat forage, so they should be fed early in time. Early supplementary feeding can not only make lambs get more complete nutrition, but also promote the development of digestive organs. Diet should be composed of high-quality green grass, hay, bean cakes and fish meal rich in protein. Pay attention to breastfeeding less, don't stay overnight, breastfeed regularly, and of course, add enough vitamins such as calcium and phosphorus.

(2) Management

Lambs should eat colostrum as soon as possible after birth, because colostrum contains complete nutrients and antibodies, which has laxative and disease-resistant effects and is extremely important for the growth and survival of lambs. 1 Breastfeeding is carried out under the supervision of people.

Lactating lambs develop rapidly. If the milk is insufficient, it will not only affect the growth of lambs, but also easily get sick and endanger their lives. For dairy sheep, you should find a nanny sheep. If the nanny sheep won't let the lamb who sent the sheep eat milk, we can put some kerosene on the nanny sheep's nose and mouth and the lamb's body at the same time, or put the nanny sheep's milk and urine on the lamb's body and put the nanny sheep and the lamb together in a dark room. After a few hours, the nanny sheep can recognize the lamb by itself. You can also force the lamb to breastfeed many times, so that the nanny sheep and the lamb can recognize each other. Specifically, one person fixes the ewe, and the other person holds the ewe's hind legs, so that the lamb can breastfeed and train many times. If necessary, you can also breastfeed artificially. Artificial breastfeeding should be done regularly, quantitatively, at constant temperature, kept clean and hygienic, and strictly disinfected.

Lamb meconium is dark brown and sticky, and can be discharged within 4 ~ 6 hours after birth. If the fetal feces are still not discharged after 24 hours, measures such as enema should be taken. Meconium is very sticky. If the anus is blocked, it should be cleaned in time.

In order to facilitate management and prevent confusion during breastfeeding, the number of ewes can be written on the back of lambs for easy identification.

Proper exercise. Exercise can increase the appetite of lambs, enhance their physique, promote growth and reduce diseases. With the growth of lamb age, it should be driven to a nearby pasture to graze and strengthen lamb movement.

Six, lamb fattening chapter

Most of the sheep production in our province is lamb production, which was released in the same year and was in the stage of lamb production. Therefore, besides grazing and fattening, there are two ways to fatten lambs.

(1) fattening in house: In recent years, some foreign countries that produce fattening lambs have expanded the scale of fattening in house to varying degrees and taken the road of specialization and intensive management. Because the fattening and growth and development of lambs are carried out at the same time, the feed is required to be rich and comprehensive in nutrition, good in palatability, sufficient in protein and high in energy, and all kinds of necessary minerals and vitamins should be fed.

Taking 3-month-old weaned lambs as an example, the diet consists of 45% corn, 15% bran, 8% cottonseed cake, 30% peanut vine powder, 0.5% salt, manganese, selenium and other trace elements and 2% multivitamin additive. Single and double lambs were fattened by pure house feeding, and the weight of 4-month-old lambs was 35 kg.

(2) Grazing and fattening in house: for 4-month-old lambs, the combination of house feeding and grazing is adopted, and the diet consists of 43% mixed concentrate such as corn and cottonseed cake, 57% ammoniated straw and additives such as minerals. Concentrate should be fed after grazing every day, and 10 ~ 15g salt should be fed every day. Four-month-old weaned lambs were fattened with high-energy and high-protein diet for 60 days. Each lamb consumes total metabolic energy of 48 1.20 mj, digestible crude protein of 4648.82g, daily gain of182.75g, carcass weight of18.12kg, and the slaughter rate is over 50%.

VII. Disease Prevention and Control

(1) scientific feeding and careful management; Adhere to scientific grazing and reasonable supplementary feeding, and strive for diverse feed types and rich nutrition; Do not feed frozen or moldy feed, and do not drink stagnant water or sewage; The sheephouse is clean and dry, with fresh air and plenty of sunshine, which is warm in winter and cool in summer.

(2) Do a good job of preventive disinfection, and carry out preventive inoculation regularly: in combination with daily feeding management, carry out preventive disinfection on sheephouses, utensils and sports fields on a regular basis. If 3% Lysol or 20% fresh lime, 2% plant ash, Yujieling and other commonly used disinfection drugs are used, they are generally thoroughly disinfected/kloc-0 times in spring and autumn respectively. When infectious diseases occur, it is necessary to carry out surprise disinfection to kill pathogenic bacteria, such as using caustic soda or flame to extinguish fire and disinfect. Pay attention to timely cleaning, accumulation and sealed fermentation to kill pathogenic bacteria and parasitic eggs or cercariae in feces.

Master the situation and laws of local infectious diseases, select vaccines in a targeted manner, and carry out preventive injections regularly to avoid the occurrence of infectious diseases. Commonly used vaccines, one is the anaerobic triple vaccine of sheep, which is used to prevent sheep anthrax, sheep epidemic disease and sheep enterotoxemia. The dose is 1 time, 3 ml of lambs less than half a year, 5 ml of sheep over half a year, and the immunization period is 6 ~ 8 months; In February, live attenuated Brucella ovis vaccine No.5 1 ml was injected subcutaneously or intramuscularly, and the immunization period was 1 year. To prevent anthrax, 0.2 ml anthrax spore vaccine can be injected under each sheepskin, and the immunization period is 1 year; To prevent tetanus, tetanus alum was used to precipitate toxoid, and 0.5 ml was injected subcutaneously into the neck at 1/3. The immune period was 65438 0 years.

(3) Pay attention to insect repellent and rodent control. Parasitic diseases of sheep are common, and those who suffer from heavy sheep are life-threatening, while those who suffer from light sheep are emaciated and grow slowly, which seriously reduces production performance. All localities should pay attention to the work of deworming, and regularly carry out prevention and deworming in spring and autumn every year. Sheep are susceptible to infection and harmful parasites, such as tapeworms, nematodes and Fasciola hepatica. To drive out tapeworms and nematodes, albendazole can be taken orally, with a dose of10 mg per kilogram of body weight; Nitrocochlorophenol is used for Fasciola hepatica, weighing 3 ~ 8 mg per kilogram. The feces of sheep should be collected in time within 0/0 day after deworming, and sealed for fermentation to prevent the driven eggs or cysts from being swallowed and infected by sheep again.

Rodents and timely mites are important vectors of epidemics. Rats should be killed in various ways. Pesticides such as trichlorfon and dichlorvos can kill flies, mosquitoes and flies. Geotrichum mites in pastures, pens and sports venues, snails and snails in ponds are intermediate hosts of related parasites, and attention should also be paid to eliminating them.