Related problems of amorphous alloys

Can metals produce amorphous state? This has been a difficult problem for modern scientists to decipher. Scientists have found that after the metal is melted, the internal atoms are active. When the metal begins to cool, the atoms will slowly and orderly arrange according to a certain crystallization law as the temperature drops, forming crystals. If the cooling process is rapid, the atoms will solidify before rearrangement, resulting in amorphous alloys. It can be seen that one of the key technologies for producing amorphous alloys is how to cool quickly. This is a rapid solidification process for preparing amorphous alloys. High-temperature molten steel in molten state is sprayed onto a cooling roller rotating at high speed. The molten steel cools rapidly at a speed of one million degrees per second, and the molten steel at 1300℃ drops below 200℃ in only one thousandth of a second, forming an amorphous zone. Developed countries have been strictly blocking the manufacturing technology of amorphous alloys. After nearly 20 years of unremitting efforts, scientists in China finally achieved a technological leap in the field of amorphous alloy preparation during the Ninth Five-Year Plan period and mastered the core technologies with independent intellectual property rights. Breakthrough progress has been made in the industrialization of amorphous alloys, forming an industrial scale with an annual output of 4000 tons. It fills a technical gap in China's metallurgical industry. Compared with crystalline alloys, the physical properties, chemical properties and mechanical properties of amorphous alloys have changed significantly. Take the amorphous alloy containing iron as an example, it has the characteristics of high saturation magnetic induction intensity and low loss. Modern industry uses it to manufacture distribution transformer cores. At present, China has been able to produce amorphous strips with different specifications according to the market demand, and the brightness can reach 220 mm Compared with the traditional silicon steel core transformer, the no-load loss of the transformer made of this amorphous alloy is reduced by 60% ~ 80%, and the energy saving effect is obvious. If all the existing distribution transformers in China are replaced by amorphous alloy transformers, it will save the country 9 billion kWh of electricity every year, which means that 6.5438+0 million kilowatts of thermal power plants can be built less each year, 3.64 million tons of coal can be burned less, and more than 9 million cubic meters of carbon dioxide and other waste gas emissions can be reduced. In this sense, amorphous alloys are called "green materials". In addition, amorphous alloy materials are widely used in many fields, such as electronics, aviation, aerospace, machinery, microelectronics and so on. For example, in the aerospace field, it can reduce the weight of power supply and equipment and increase the payload. Used in civil power and electronic equipment, it can greatly reduce the volume of power supply, improve efficiency and enhance anti-interference ability. Microcells can be widely used in transformers in ISDN. Amorphous strips are used to make sensor labels for anti-theft systems in supermarkets and libraries. Amorphous alloys have magical effects and broad market prospects. During the Tenth Five-Year Plan period, China scientists and technicians will make greater contributions in the field of amorphous alloy technology.