A thesis on the employment of college students

A thesis on the employment of college students

No matter in school or in society, everyone will inevitably come into contact with papers. Writing papers can improve our ability to comprehensively apply what we have learned. So how to write a general paper? The following is my paper on college students' employment, which is for reference only and I hope it will help you.

1 Abstract: China's higher education has gradually changed from elite education to mass education, making college students no longer scarce resources, and the employment problem of college students is becoming more and more difficult. This paper mainly discusses how to adapt the education and teaching management of colleges and universities to the employment of college students, and puts forward several reform strategies, aiming at providing some reference and help for the education and teaching management of colleges and universities.

Keywords: colleges and universities; Education and teaching management; Employment of college students

Under the background of increasingly fierce competition in the current job market, the adaptability of college students to society and occupation directly determines their employment rate. In the face of fierce competition, colleges and universities must strengthen the reform of education, teaching and management from the perspective of meeting the demand of talent market, and constantly enhance the vocational adaptability of college students. The following will further elaborate the strategies for college education and teaching management to adapt to college students' employment.

First, establish a people-oriented, teaching-centered concept

At present, the educational concept pays attention to people-oriented, attaches importance to students' subjectivity and determines students' dominant position in classroom teaching. This requires teachers to completely change the fixed thinking that college students rely too much on teachers, give full play to students' autonomy and initiative, and let students become the main body of learning. Taking teaching as the core is actually taking improving teaching level as the most basic work. First of all, the evaluation mechanism of colleges and universities should be adjusted from emphasizing scientific research to emphasizing teaching. Secondly, changing the teacher's assessment system is mainly to examine the teaching workload and level, so that it can play a central role in the process of professional title evaluation. Thirdly, increase the investment in teaching and increase the proportion of teaching funds in the research of actual teaching activities. Finally, the administrative logistics department must cooperate and assist the teaching activities.

Second, establish a new teaching method based on the market.

At present, university education usually does not meet the market demand, and there are a series of problems such as weak basic education, weak professional education, outdated teaching content and unscientific curriculum. Schools should constantly broaden the professional path and always adhere to the fundamental principles of thick foundation, wide path and strong ability. Constantly strengthen the connection between professional disciplines and corresponding occupations and posts, and constantly improve students' adaptability. In the course setting, we should follow the principle of advancement and diversification, fully consider its advancement when setting courses, and let students choose corresponding courses according to their own preferences and specialties. Change the teaching and assessment methods, completely change the previous "spoon-feeding" teaching methods, and adopt the teaching method of teacher-student interaction to give full play to students' main role. The assessment method should also be changed from a simple written test to a combination of written test, interview and practical ability test. Continuously strengthen college students' vocational skills training, and encourage and support students to obtain various qualification certificates. Industry-University-Research, as far as possible, let more employers and scientific research departments participate in the course, and the requirements of users and enterprises can be passed on to students in time to cultivate talents with strong employability.

Third, strengthen the management of college students' social practice activities.

College students' social practice activities can fundamentally strengthen their ability to analyze and solve problems, optimize interpersonal relationships, and enhance their ability to innovate and resist stress. In addition, in the process of social practice, college students can understand the positive and negative aspects of the real society to a considerable extent, and shorten the time to adapt to the society after graduation.

Fourth, organize professional and whole-process employment guidance.

At present, most of the employment guidance teams in colleges and universities are composed of political workers and enrollment staff, and they have not received professional and systematic training, so the guidance for college students is not targeted. In this respect, we should refer to some successful experiences abroad, and also invite relevant people from the employment market and intermediary departments, because they have very rich working experience in related fields, and know the standards, recruitment procedures and specific needs of enterprises like the back of their hands, which can provide more help for college students' employment. To achieve the goal of career guidance, we need to hire human resources professionals to actively communicate with students, so that students can form a good outlook on employment, constantly enrich their employment knowledge, experience and ability, and lay a good foundation for job hunting after graduation.

Five, improve the teaching level of teachers.

It is necessary to construct a teaching evaluation system that can not only reflect students' suggestions, but also serve as the main basis for checking teachers' work, so that teachers can grasp students' ideas and needs to the maximum extent. Teachers should correct their teaching attitude and adjust the situation that they attach too much importance to scientific research and despise teaching. In the setting of teaching objectives, we should change the situation of attaching importance to theoretical knowledge and neglecting application ability, emphasize the principle of combining theory with practice in the teaching process, and attach importance to the improvement of students' ability to explore and solve specific problems. In the evaluation criteria of teachers' posts, the teaching effect should be the leading factor, and on this basis, the elimination system should be adopted to ensure the continuous improvement and promotion of teaching effect. The management of higher education and teaching must be reformed. I hope that through the above explanation, I can provide some reference and help for colleges and universities to improve students' employability from the perspective of education and teaching management.

References:

[1] hole. Research on Vocational Education Curriculum in Colleges and Universities [D]. Chongqing: Southwest University, 20 13.

[2] Wang Yongjun. Teaching and employment service mode with the core of improving college students' employability [D]. Jinan: Shandong University, 20 15.

[3] Chen Hao. Research on the effectiveness of college students' innovation and entrepreneurship education under the background of network education [D]. Chongqing: Chongqing Jiaotong University, 20 14.

The employment of college students is a major economic and social issue with overall influence in China. Under the influence of increasingly fierce social competition, increasing number of college graduates every year and limited employment positions, the severe employment situation and huge employment pressure have become lingering problems for college students. Based on the research findings of scholars in recent years, most of them study the causes and solutions of employment difficulties from three levels: individual, country and society, which has important theoretical guiding significance for solving the employment difficulties of college graduates.

Keywords college students' employment; Difficult employment; Reason; measure

College graduates are the main force of modernization, but with the acceleration of higher education, the employment problem of college students has become increasingly prominent. The employment of college graduates involves the interests of college students themselves and thousands of families in Qian Qian, as well as the interests of the state and society. In the increasingly fierce social competition, there are more and more college graduates every year, and under the influence of limited employment positions, many college students who have just graduated and seek job opportunities are confused. At present, the employment of college students is in the pattern of economic system transition excluding employment and unbalanced economic development restricting employment. How to solve the employment difficulties of college graduates has gradually become a hot spot of social concern.

First, research on the employment situation of college students.

In recent years, the employment of college students has attracted more and more attention from the society. With the expansion of colleges and universities in 1998, the number of college graduates in China has increased year by year, reaching 6.99 million in 20 13 and 7.27 million in 20 14. However, according to incomplete statistics, there were about 7.49 million college graduates in 20 15, which is the largest number of college graduates in history and can be called "the most difficult employment season in history". Scholar Gu believes that the rapid expansion of this kind of education has had a great impact on the development of higher education and the employment of college students. Zhao Tianwu, a scholar, believes that the current employment situation of college students is mainly manifested as "the change of social demand intensifies and the contradiction between supply and demand intensifies." On the whole, the employment structure of college students is unbalanced, the social demand is limited, and college students have high requirements for choosing a job, which leads to the coexistence of "having a job and not doing it". The solution to the employment problem has gradually become a long-term and arduous task.

Second, the reasons for college students' employment difficulties

1. On the personal level, Guo Qingling believes that some college students have too high expectations for their personal career choices, which has aggravated their employment difficulties to some extent. With the advancement of higher education reform, college students' concept of career choice has gradually changed. Luo Xingshe, a scholar, believes that college students' employment concept is too old and they have a strong sense of "elite" talents. Scholar Zhang also believes that with the popularization of higher education, many college students' employment concepts have kept pace with the times. This often leads them to only pay attention to institutions, state organs, large state-owned enterprises and other units with stable work and good treatment, which is an important reason for the difficulty of college students' employment. Scholar Wang Shuyan believes that the lack of employability is an important reason for college students' employment difficulties. Many college students do not have divergent thinking and the idea of exploring and solving problems by themselves after graduation. Their social practice lacks professional orientation and pays attention to the accumulation of quantity while ignoring the quality requirements.

2. At the national level, it is urgent to solve the problem of "employment difficulty" under the background of the deepening employment system and employment system reform of college students in China. Some scholars believe that the unreasonable industrial structure is one of the reasons for the difficulty in employment. Changes in industrial structure and economic growth mode have reduced the ability of society to absorb labor. The basic national conditions of China as a big manufacturing country and the increase in the number of college graduates will undoubtedly make the demand pattern of the labor market, which originally relied on low-end industries, not match the growth mode of the economy and industrial structure, and the supply and demand of the labor market will be unbalanced. In other words, the unreasonable industrial structure is a major reason for the difficulty in obtaining employment. Gan Changlai believes that the state's supportive employment policy is imperfect and the support for college students' employment policy is insufficient. The state has introduced a series of employment measures, but in theory, it has not achieved the expected results. The government's economic control measures are not strong enough, resulting in the problem of weak macro-control, which may lead to the contradiction of "no one has a job and some people have no job". The country lacks corresponding employment guidance and effective information support, and the employment mechanism adapted to the market economy system is not perfect, which leads to poor employment channels, untimely and incomplete employment information, and the government's work in this area lags behind, and it is unable to provide high-quality and effective services.

3. The employment situation of college students at the social level is increasingly severe. In addition to personal and ethnic factors, social factors also have great influence. Chao Ge believes that there is still a gap between China's higher education and the needs of economic and social development in many aspects, such as discipline structure, talent training level, students' employment and entrepreneurial ability. Some colleges and universities blindly expand enrollment, emphasize theory over practice, and conceptual teaching methods weaken the link of cultivating ability, which leads to the decline of education quality. The setting of disciplines and specialties can not meet the needs of society, and the present situation of talent training can not meet the needs of socialist market economy.

School employment guidance is unscientific, and students can't get comprehensive and effective help from the school. Qin Weili believes that the continuous improvement of the quality requirements of candidates by various units has had a certain impact on the employment of college students. Influenced by traditional social psychology, a high degree of education has become one of the important conditions for many recruitment units. In many recruitment websites, it can be found that the recruitment conditions of many companies indicate that people with several years of work experience are given priority. Empiricism and academic qualifications are undoubtedly an insurmountable obstacle for newly graduated college students. With the expansion of the employer's autonomy, the requirements for the selection and use of talents are more stringent, and the setting of thresholds has become a major obstacle for some college graduates to find jobs.

Third, the path analysis of improving college students' employment

Ding Yonggang, a personal scholar, believes that college students should abandon unscientific employment outlook and establish a scientific employment outlook that adapts to the market. Ren Lin, a scholar, believes that college students must change the concept of "favored by heaven", not blindly pursue academic qualifications, change the theory of "only big cities" and rationally choose professional posts. After the popularization of higher education, college students should change from "elite status" to "ordinary employee status", establish a correct view of employment, enhance employment competitiveness, and correctly analyze their own advantages and disadvantages. College students should also have the spirit of hard work, dare to go to the grassroots, and go to the western regions or small and medium-sized cities or even rural areas to find jobs. Improving employability is the key for college students to realize their own value and solve the severe employment situation under the new situation. Wang Yajuan scholars believe that college students can improve their employability by improving five dimensions of psychological capital, such as tolerance, gratitude, optimism, resilience and self-efficacy. Scholar Zhao Ming believes that to improve the employability of college students, we should recognize the importance of practical ability and strengthen it.

College students should improve their comprehensive quality, adapt to the change of social role, combine theoretical knowledge with practical work, improve their ability to deal with practical problems, and finally become compound talents with comprehensive ability.

2. Yu Donghua, a national scholar, believes that to solve the livelihood problem of employment, the state needs to promote the optimization and upgrading of industrial structure. Under the realistic background of manufacturing power rather than manufacturing power, the country needs to speed up the development of producer services, regard the development of producer services and the transformation and upgrading of manufacturing industry as "two-wheel drive", enhance the technical content and added value, and increase a large number of jobs. The state should strengthen the adjustment of industrial structure and narrow the deviation between industrial structure and employment structure. In the long run, the adjustment of industrial structure plays an important role in alleviating the employment difficulties of college students. Scholar Xue Xiaofeng believes that the state should formulate relevant laws and regulations to provide employment information for graduates from a macro perspective. The government should take active actions in macro-control, deepening the education system, improving the employment market and broadening employment channels. The government should do a good job in standardizing and coordinating the graduate employment market, effectively manage and supervise the work of college students, establish a fair and just market employment mechanism, and give college students a fair opportunity to compete. The state supports college students' entrepreneurship in terms of policies and funds, and provides a stage for graduates to show themselves. Undoubtedly, strengthening macro-control by the state is the safest strategy.

3. Wu Jiawen, a scholar at the social level, believes that colleges and universities should guide and inculcate students' employment knowledge from the beginning of their enrollment, and guide students' employment from two aspects: personal success and social needs. In terms of specialties, we should strengthen the reform and adjustment of traditional disciplines, add new specialties in a timely manner, and vigorously develop superior specialties. Colleges and universities should improve the employment service system for college students, attach importance to the information feedback of the employment market, and take social demand as the guide to cultivate talents who can adapt to social development. Colleges and universities attach importance to the accumulation of social capital, provide more social channels for college students, and create favorable conditions for them to actively participate in the talent market competition. Huang Weihua believes that employers should select people according to their needs and be reasonably redundant, so as to meet the requirements of employers for talents at all levels. At present, many enterprises are facing the problem of overstaffing. In order to make enterprises break through innovation in the future development, it is necessary to deepen reform, reduce staff and increase efficiency, establish talent reserve system, adjust talent structure, and make enterprises full of new vitality. Enterprises should also strengthen the cultivation of talents, strengthen cooperation with universities, start with cultivating talents, establish graduate practice bases, cultivate college students' practical ability, and provide a better platform for talents cultivation for universities.

Fourth, a short comment.

Generally speaking, with the deepening of research, scholars have a deeper understanding of the employment of college graduates.

1, research results

(1) Scholars' research on the employment of college graduates is comprehensive and objective, mainly from three aspects: individual, country and society.

(2) Scholars compare the employment situation of college graduates in China with that of foreign countries, which makes the research results more scientific and broadens the academic horizons of researchers.

2. Insufficient research.

(1) interdisciplinary research results are few, mostly from pedagogy, and few from politics, society, psychology and other disciplines. The employment problem is a comprehensive problem, which needs interdisciplinary research.

(2) Most studies are repetitive, and there are too many similarities in problems, causes and countermeasures. It is necessary to broaden the breadth and depth of research and conduct in-depth research on original research.

(3) Scholars will compare their own research with foreign research, but they don't really understand the measures they have taken to solve problems, and the research results need to be strengthened.

(4) Scholars pay attention to common phenomena, but have no research on special situations, and the research lacks particularity. The research on the employment of college graduates needs to be deepened. With the continuous development of economy, the employment problem needs to be solved urgently. Only with the joint efforts of college students, the state and society can college students do a good job.

Since the enrollment expansion of colleges and universities in China, the number of poor college students in China has been increasing. Under the severe employment situation, the employment quality of poor college students has become the focus of social attention. This paper mainly analyzes the difficulties faced by poor college students in employment from four dimensions: labor market, social resources, employment and living costs and their own abilities, and puts forward some suggestions.

Keywords poor college students; Employment dilemma; Become self-employed

With the expansion of education scale in 1999, the number of college graduates in China has increased from 950,000 in 2000 to 7.28 million in 20 15, and there is still a trend of continuous expansion. At present, China's labor market is in a transitional period, the number of graduates exceeds demand, and the unemployment rate is higher in some areas with heavy tasks of resource-based, equipment manufacturing and de-capacity. Under the severe employment situation, the employment of college students has become a widely discussed issue. According to survey statistics, poor college students account for about 20% of the total number of graduates. Due to the influence of their own conditions and external factors, it is more difficult for poor college students to find their favorite jobs, and poor college students have become a part of the disadvantaged groups in employment.

First, the employment dilemma of poor college students

1, the exclusion of the mainstream labor market

Poor college students come from disadvantaged families and economically underdeveloped areas. I have not been exposed to high-quality educational resources since I was a child, and my contacts are also very scarce. Most of these college students will enter the secondary labor market, and their overall employment quality and satisfaction are not high. 2013,65438 In February, China Academy of Social Sciences published "Blue Book of Society: Analysis and Forecast of Social Situation in China in 20 14", which pointed out that "the urban and rural background of families has a significant impact on the employment opportunities of graduates". According to the data in the Blue Book, by the end of September 20 13, the employment rate of undergraduates in urban families was 87.7%, while that in rural families was only 69.5%. In terms of employment quality, the proportion of urban family graduates entering the public sector (47.8%) is much higher than that of rural families (3 1. 1%), and the proportion of urban family graduates entering foreign-funded enterprises (10.4%) is also higher than that of rural families (2.5%). [1] Most colleges and universities in Hebei Province are provincial colleges, and the enrollment structure is relatively simple. Most of the graduates are in the province, and job hunting is concentrated in Beijing, Tianjin and Shijiazhuang. There is no shortage of outstanding talents in these fields, and there is great competition. Among them, poor college students are greatly hindered and it is not easy to find a good job. To some extent, the mainstream labor market favors students with good family background, and poor college students are often excluded.

2. Incomplete employment resources

The employment system of college students in China is imperfect, the employment information is asymmetric, and the opportunity cost and time cost of college students' employment are high. Poor college students have relatively limited social networks and insufficient personal resources. Job hunting relies more on self-search, so it is not easy to obtain comprehensive recruitment information and access to high-quality recruitment resources, and job hunting is at a disadvantage. Beijing and Tianjin are economically developed and rich in resources, which have a strong "siphon effect" on high-quality talents in the whole country, especially in Hebei Province, resulting in limited talents who can play a role in Hebei Province. The brain drain and the shortage of national key construction areas have led to the continuous decline in the quality of employment resources in Hebei Province, and the development is facing great difficulties. The production structure of Hebei Province is biased towards heavy industry, with overcapacity. In the process of structural adjustment, a large number of jobs have been reduced, and the supply of graduates is far higher than the number of employees needed for jobs, so employment is in trouble. [2]

3, their own ability is weak

From their own point of view, poor college students have less access to high-quality educational resources, and their personalities and specialties cannot be brought into play. Influenced by the traditional educational concept, poor college students generally regard academic performance as the first priority in their studies, ignoring the development of other aspects, lacking innovative spirit, practical ability and poor leadership and command ability. Poor college students have narrow social scope and weak communicative competence. Poor college students can only get a diploma in college, but they can't meet the recruitment standards of employers, so they are often at a disadvantage in future social interaction and have little room for promotion. [3] From the external factors, there are many colleges and universities in Hebei Province, but the overall level is relatively backward. There are only1"211"universities, accounting for 0.99% of the universities in the province. The level of scientific research innovation is low. The only science parks certified by the Ministry of Education in Hebei Province are Yanshan University National University Science Park, Hebei University of Technology National University Science Park and Baoding National University Science Park, accounting for 2.6% of the total number of universities in Hebei. There are only 1 first-class disciplines and five national key disciplines in the two disciplines, which are far below the national average. [4]

Second, some countermeasures to solve the plight of poor college students

1. Improve the employment mechanism and broaden employment channels.

Government departments should give full play to the adjustment mechanism, strictly supervise employers and improve the labor inspection mechanism. Establish and improve an open and transparent mechanism and strengthen the standardization of employment in enterprises and institutions. Encourage fair competition and create an open and transparent environment for the employment of poor college students. Focus on solving the problem of information asymmetry between employers and job seekers. Recently, the government has published some first-class employment information networks for college graduates and local employment information networks for college graduates, which has brought great convenience to students in finding jobs. It is necessary to strengthen the popularity of the website, attract more enterprises to use this platform for talent recruitment, strictly control the source of enterprises, and provide students with a healthy and convenient professional environment. The government should increase infrastructure construction and create more jobs.

Provide more employment internship opportunities for poor college students, help students accumulate work experience and improve their work ability. It is necessary to do a good job in the real-name registration system for unemployed graduates, and through the implementation of "one-to-one" employment service measures such as orientation training, internship, job recommendation and employment assistance, every unemployed college graduate with employment will be employed as soon as possible and participate in employment preparation activities. Hebei Province actively responded to the policy call and held a training course for registered unemployed college graduates in real-name registration system in Shijiazhuang.

2. Provide employment guidance for poor college students and encourage them to start their own businesses.

Schools should guide students' career choice before they find jobs, so that poor college students can find suitable jobs and jobs suitable for their own development. This requires colleges and universities to establish a sound employment guidance system, hire experienced instructors, offer various career planning courses and implement employment guidance. There is a special employment guidance center, which is open to students and pays attention to the quality of students' employment, not the quantity of employment. Change the deformed employment concept of poor college students, carry out vocational equality education, encourage poor college students to return to their hometowns for development, and promote the development of prefecture-level and below areas.

Poor college students provide opportunities to visit large enterprises, broaden their horizons, stimulate entrepreneurial inspiration, introduce entrepreneurs to poor college students with entrepreneurial ideas, and guide them to start businesses. In order to strengthen the publicity of employment and entrepreneurship policies in colleges and universities in Hebei Province and promote college students' employment and entrepreneurship, Hebei Employment Service Bureau jointly held the "Prize-winning Knowledge Competition on Employment and Entrepreneurship Policies for College Graduates in Hebei Province" on the 1 14 job platform, laying a good foundation for college students' entrepreneurship. Hebei Province has issued a policy to apply for a business guarantee loan of up to 654.38+10,000 yuan, and give a full discount to personal loans that meet the conditions stipulated in the policy.

3. The comprehensive quality training of poor college students.

Poor college students are often at a disadvantage in job competition because of their comprehensive quality problems. Poor college students should make full use of community resources and some competitions, constantly improve their adaptability and oral expression ability, obtain relevant professional qualification certificates, and improve their professional quality. Pay more attention to the internship recruitment of major enterprises during school, accumulate work experience and prepare for their future employment. Colleges and universities should actively introduce industry professionals as the leaders of professional construction. Colleges and universities in Hebei Province should grasp the advantages of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei integration development, actively introduce outstanding experts and scholars from Beijing and Tianjin to hold lectures or give lectures, and broaden students' horizons. Improve students' ability of innovation and entrepreneurship, promote the capital docking of entrepreneurial projects, build an interactive platform for talent exchange in colleges and universities, and improve students' learning and scientific research literacy. Schools should pay attention to the combination of professional design and social needs, curriculum design and practice, attach importance to practical teaching, improve students' professional quality and workplace quality, and pave the way for students to enter the workplace smoothly.

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