Introduce gold rice paper!

There are records about Xuan paper in the Records of Famous Paintings in Past Dynasties and the Book of New Tang Dynasty. Since the Tang Dynasty, dynasties have followed. The origin of rice paper is Jingxian County, Anhui Province. In addition, Xuancheng, Taiping and other places near Jingxian County also produce this kind of paper. In the Song Dynasty, the paper industry in Huizhou, Chizhou and Xuanzhou gradually moved to Jingxian County. At that time, these areas were under the jurisdiction of Xuanzhou government, so the paper produced here was called "Xuanzhi", and some people called it Jingxian paper. Because Xuan paper has the characteristics of easy storage, durability and colorfastness, it has the reputation of "paper lives for thousands of years".

classify

According to the classification of processing methods, rice paper can be divided into raw rice paper, cooked rice paper and semi-cooked rice paper. Cooked Xuan is coated with alum when it is processed, so the paper is harder than raw Xuan, and its water absorption capacity is weak, and the ink color will not spread when it is used. Therefore, the characteristics make cooked propaganda suitable for meticulous painting rather than ink freehand painting. Its disadvantage is that it will appear "alum leakage" or brittle crack when stored for a long time. Cooked Xuan can be reprocessed. Coral, mica paper, cold gold, wine gold, glutinous golden flower tendon and peach tiger skin are all reprocessed colored papers. Health promotion is highly absorbent. When writing with light ink, the ink easily penetrates and melts. It is relatively easy to write in thick ink. Therefore, when creating calligraphy and painting, you need to master the shade of ink to be handy. Health categories include Jiagong, Jade Edition, Jiege, Shan Cuo, Lian Mian and so on. Semi-cooked Xuan is also processed from raw Xuan, and its water absorption capacity is between the first two. Yu Ban Xuan belongs to this category.

In addition, rice paper can be divided into three categories according to the proportion of materials: cotton, leather and cotton.

raw material

The selection of Xuan paper is closely related to the geographical environment of Jingxian county, where it is produced. As Pteroceltis tatarinowii is one of the main local tree species, Pteroceltis tatarinowii bark has become the main raw material of rice paper. Moreover, rice is grown locally, and a large amount of straw has become one of the raw materials. Jingxian County is accompanied by Qingge River and Xin 'anjiang River, which laid the foundation of Jingxian Xuan paper industry. After the Song and Yuan Dynasties, bamboo, hemp, mulberry, bamboo and hemp were added to the raw materials, and then it was expanded to more than ten kinds. After soaking, ashing, cooking, bleaching, pulping, water fishing, gluing, flood pasting and other 18 processes, it can be made after one year.

manufacturing process

The process of making rice paper can be roughly divided into 18 steps, and it can exceed 100 steps if subdivided. There are confidential procedures that are not known to outsiders. The traditional method of cutting rice paper is to steam the branches of sandalwood, then soak them, peel them, dry them in the sun, add lime and soda ash (or soda ash), steam them again, remove impurities, wash them, tear them into thin strips, and they will turn white after drying in the sun and rain. Then beat the thin strips into glue: beat the treated leather and forage separately, add plant glue (such as carambola juice) and mix well, make paper with bamboo curtain, brush it on the kang to dry, and cut it into sheets. The tools used in each production process of rice paper are very particular. For example, bamboo curtains for fishing paper need bitter bamboo with straight texture, long seams and loose texture. The choice of rice paper is also very particular. The bark of Pteroceltis tatarinowii is better with branches over two years, and the straw is generally straw grown in battlefield (its lignin and ash content is lower than that of straw grown in ordinary mud field).

measure

Specification of ordinary rice paper (unit: cm)

Three feet: 50* 100

Big three feet: 69* 100

Four feet: 69* 138

Five feet: 84* 153

Six feet: 97* 180

Eight feet: 124.2*248.4

Zhang Er: 144.9 * 367.9

Beginners usually write their works on "full open paper" when learning. If they need to write smaller, they can cut it in half, which is called "folio", "trisection" and "quartering". These terms have become the habit of ordinary users, but in addition to these dimensions, they can also be cut and used as needed.

In the papermaking mode of Taiwan Province Province, raw materials include goose skin and mulberry skin, which belong to bast. Raw materials are soaked, boiled, washed and bleached, screened to remove impurities, and beaten, so as to stir and separate fibers, dilute them with water, and put them into a proportional binder (dispersant) to make paper pulp, which can be made into paper. Paper-making is to throw the pulp in with bamboo curtain and wooden frame. After throwing, the fiber is deposited on the bamboo curtain and the water is removed. It is necessary to use lines as partitions and then overlap. When water is lost, the density of the part is increased by heavy pressure, so that it can be baked. Baked paper is made by generating heat with steam on a sealed iron plate, gently rolling the paper with long wooden strips, leveling it with a brush, indirectly heating it to dry it, and inspecting it at the same time, which is the finished rice paper.

Xuan paper has a history of more than 1000 years. According to folklore, after Cai Lun's death in the first year of Jianguang (12 1), disciple Kong Dan made paper in southern Anhui, and wanted to make a picture of the teacher with a blank sheet of paper to show his memory. Later, by a canyon stream, I occasionally saw an old sandalwood lying across the stream. Because it was washed away by running water all the year round, the bark rotted and turned white, revealing long white fibers. Kong Dan was ecstatic and took it to make paper. After repeated experiments, it finally succeeded. This is the later rice paper.

According to the preface of Xiao's Genealogy, which was rebuilt during the Qianlong period of Qing Dynasty, "There were many disturbances in the chaos at the end of the Song Dynasty. Cao Sun, the younger generation of Duke VIII of Cao Shizhong, moved from Qiuchuan to Xiaoling and was divided into thirteen schools. This is a mountainous area, and the fields are scarce, so it is impossible to cultivate. Because of Cai Lun's skills, I make a living. " Cao Dasan inherited the paper-making technology of predecessors, improved it step by step through practice, and finally made good white and pure paper. Because the distribution center of paper is mostly in Xuancheng, which is under the jurisdiction of the state, it is named Xuan paper.

The fame of Xuan paper began in the Tang Dynasty. The Famous Paintings of Past Dynasties written by Zhang Yanyuan, a critic of calligraphy and painting in the Tang Dynasty, said, "A good man should buy hundreds of Xuan paper and wax it to copy it." This shows that Xuan paper has been used in calligraphy and painting in the Tang Dynasty. According to Old Tang Book, in the second year of Tianbao (743), there were paper tributes in Jiangxi, Sichuan, southern Anhui and eastern Zhejiang, especially in Xuancheng County. It can be seen that rice paper had been crowned everywhere at that time. The "Chengxintang" paper produced by Li Yu, Queen of Southern Tang Dynasty, is a treasure in Xuan paper. Skin is like an egg membrane, clean as jade, thin and smooth, and crowned for a while.

Xuan paper has the characteristics of "tough and moist, smooth but not slippery, white and dense, pure texture, lossless rubbing and strong ink wetting", and has unique permeability and lubricity. Writing is both a bone and a spirit, while painting is full of spirit, and it has become the calligraphy and painting paper that best reflects China's artistic style. The so-called "ink is divided into five colors", that is, it is completed in one stroke, with distinct shades, visible textures, distinct Mo Yun and distinct layers. This is the artistic effect achieved by painters and painters by using the moistening property of Xuan paper to control the proportion of ink and wash, and the brush strokes are slow and smooth. Plus anti-aging and no discoloration. Worms eat less and live longer, so they have the reputation of "the king of paper, the paper with a thousand years of life". /kloc-won the gold medal in Panama International Paper Competition in the 20th century. Besides painting poems, Xuan paper is also the best paper for writing diplomatic notes and preserving high-level archives and historical materials. China handed down a large number of rare ancient books and the ink of famous painters and calligraphers, most of which are preserved on Xuan paper, and still remain the same today.

The production center of Xuan paper is Jingxian County. Its raw material is mainly ebony tree, which is a specialty of southern Anhui mountainous area, with some straw. After a long period of soaking, ashing, cooking, washing, bleaching, pulping, fishing, gluing, pasting and baking, it takes more than one year to make high-quality rice paper. The rice paper can be divided into cotton cloth, leather and special materials according to the raw materials. "Extra clean skin" is a fine product in Xuan paper, which has the advantages of great tension, strong toughness and good ink splashing performance, and is deeply loved by the majority of painters and painters. Some people praised Xuan paper as "as thin as cicada wings, as white as snow, and as trembling as filaments." A picture, a chapter, all in rice paper and glossy.

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