Lovely Zhongshan, 1. The natural environment of Zhongshan. 2. The human history of Zhongshan. 3. The development prospect of Zhongshan.

Zhongshan City is located in the south-central part of the Pearl River Delta, on the west bank of the Pearl River Estuary, bordering Guangzhou in the north and Hong Kong and Macao. It has jurisdiction over 1 National Torch High-tech Industrial Development Zone, 5 sub-district offices and 18 towns, with a total area of 1.80 square kilometers and a registered population of 1.423 million. There are more than 800,000 overseas Chinese and compatriots from Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan.

Zhongshan, formerly known as Xiangshan, is the hometown of Dr. Sun Yat-sen, the great revolutionary forerunner of China. Shaoxing was established in the 22nd year of the Southern Song Dynasty (A.D. 1 152). In memory of Dr. Sun Yat-sen, it was renamed Zhongshan County on 1925. 1983, and was withdrawn from the county to set up a city. 1988 was upgraded to a prefecture-level city under the jurisdiction of Guangdong Province.

In recent years, under the guidance of Deng Xiaoping Theory, Theory of Three Represents and Scientific Outlook on Development, Zhongshan Municipal Party Committee and Municipal Government have thoroughly implemented the spirit of the Fourth, Fifth and Sixth Plenary Sessions of the 16th CPC Central Committee, vigorously promoted the construction of a harmonious society, adhered to the strategies of "strengthening the city through industry", "governing the city according to law" and "revitalizing the city through science and education", and made new achievements in economic and social construction. In 2006, the city's GDP was 65.438+0036 billion yuan, the per capita GDP of household registration was 7365.438+098 yuan, and the national tax revenue was 65.438+05.749 billion yuan. The general budget revenue of local finance is 6.645 billion yuan, ranking fifth among cities above prefecture level in the province. The fixed assets investment of the whole society was 34.277 billion yuan.

First, the economic structure was further optimized.

The proportion of three industries was adjusted to 3. 1:6 1.6:35.3. Industry maintained rapid development, and quality and efficiency improved simultaneously. In 2006, the city's total industrial output value was 3184.2 billion yuan, an increase of 19 1%, and the industrial added value was 60.585 billion yuan, an increase of 17.6%. Among them, the equipment manufacturing industry achieved a total output value of 65 1.06 billion yuan, an increase of 22.3%. Industrial clusters have obvious advantages, with 22 national industrial bases, 7 provincial specialized towns 1 1, and 7 industrial cluster upgrading demonstration zones in Guangdong province. The famous brand strategy has achieved remarkable results, with a total of 342 national and provincial famous brands and inspection-free products, which were rated as "China Brand Economy City" and "National Advanced City with Prosperous Quality". Further optimize the allocation of resources, and cooperate with Yangjiang, Shaoguan, Heyuan and other cities to build four industrial transfer parks with a planned total area of 38,000 mu. The eastern coastal development strategy has been fully implemented, and major projects such as bonded logistics center have been accelerated. The GDP of the eastern "one district and three towns" region accounts for 22.8% of the city's total economic output. The added value of the tertiary industry was 366,265.438 billion yuan, an increase of 65.438+06.8%. Among them, the total retail sales of social consumer goods is 33 1.07 billion yuan, and the supply and demand of the real estate market are booming. The annual construction area, sales area and sales volume of commercial housing were 6.5438+0.07383 million square meters, 37.265438+0.35 million square meters and 6.5438+0.35 billion yuan respectively. The income from post and telecommunications business was 4.027 billion yuan, and the total income from tourism was 7.537 billion yuan. The pace of rural industrialization, urbanization and agricultural industrialization has been accelerated, and the comprehensive production capacity has been enhanced. Benefit agriculture, characteristic agriculture, brand agriculture and green agriculture have developed well, and the contribution rate of agricultural science and technology has reached 60%. * * * There are 27 municipal leading agricultural enterprises, with a total agricultural output value of 5,465.438 billion yuan in 2006.

Second, the coordinated and rapid growth of internal and external economic sources.

Seize the opportunity of global industrial transfer and Pan-Pearl River Delta cooperation, open wider to the outside world, and constantly optimize the structure of utilizing foreign capital. The city's total import and export value was $2,365,438+34 million, an increase of 23.8%. Among them, imports were US$ 7.524 billion, up by161%; Exports 156 1 billion USD, up by 27.9%. In 2006, 294 foreign investment projects were newly approved, with contractual utilization of foreign capital of $865.438+0.9 billion and actual utilization of foreign capital of $706 million, an increase of 8.39%; There are 16 projects with investment exceeding10 million USD. Persist in improving the working mechanism of import and export fair trade, and achieve results in anti-dumping early warning and trade barrier response. Port facilities have been continuously improved, and customs clearance efficiency has been further improved. The pace of "going out" has accelerated. The private economy has developed rapidly. The number of private enterprises in the city is10.8 million, and the number of individual industrial and commercial households is110.2 million. In 2006, the total industrial output value of private enterprises reached108010 billion yuan, accounting for 35.8% of the total industrial output value of the city.

Third, the city's functions are improving day by day.

According to the idea of coordinating urban and rural areas, highlighting characteristics, broadening the framework and improving functions, we have invested 654.38+0.8 billion yuan in recent years to complete a number of urban landmark projects, such as the renovation of Bo 'ai Road and Wan Qi Road, the comprehensive garbage disposal base of the central group and the cultural and artistic center, with an urbanization rate of 84.2%. A modern three-dimensional traffic network has basically taken shape. The city's existing highway mileage is 65,438+0,576,5438+0 km, forming a highway network extending in all directions with national and trunk highways, Beijing-Zhuhai Expressway, Zhongjiang Expressway and Western Coastal Expressway as the skeleton. The "Smooth Project" and "Intelligent Transportation System" have passed the acceptance; Within a radius of 90 kilometers, there are five airports in Guangzhou, Shenzhen, Zhuhai, Hong Kong and Macau. According to the rail transit planning of the Pearl River Delta, the Guangzhou-Zhuhai light rail has started in Zhongshan, and there will be seven stations in Zhongshan, including Nantou Station, Xiaolan Station, Dongsheng Station, Shiqi Station, Zhongshan Station, Cuiheng Station and Guzhen Station. In terms of ports, the layout of "Pin" wharf is formed, starting from zhongshan port in the east, reaching Shenwan Port in the south and Xiaolan Port in the north. The container throughput of the port has reached1130,000 TEU, and the container throughput of zhongshan port ranks among the top 10 in China. Power supply and water supply are sufficient. In 2006, the total social power supply reached 65.438+032 billion kWh, and the daily water supply was 606,700 cubic meters. The total length of optical fiber in the city is over10.3 million kilometers, with 372,000 Internet users and an informatization index of 72.3%. In recent years, it has been built into a national health city, a national garden city, a national advanced city in science and technology, an excellent tourist city in China, a national model city of double support, a national model city of environmental protection and a national civilized city, and won the UN Habitat Award.

Fourth, people's livelihood has been further improved.

Overall planning of urban and rural employment, over the past three years, the city has invested more than 60 million yuan in training, employment promotion and re-employment, transferred surplus rural labor force to achieve employment of 59,000 people, and controlled the registered urban unemployment rate below 2.5%. The city's occupational minimum monthly wage has been raised to 690 yuan. Social security coverage was further expanded, with 3,683,400 people participating in social insurance. Vigorously promote basic old-age insurance for agriculture and basic medical insurance for urban and rural residents. By 2006, the number of participants reached 345,000 and 6,543.8+0.89 million respectively, and the coverage rate of the new rural cooperative medical system reached 97.0%. We will implement the centralized support project for urban and rural widowed elderly people, invest more than 63 million yuan to transform and expand township-level rural nursing homes 1 1, and the centralized support rate is 4 1%. We will promote the poverty alleviation project, set up a "poverty alleviation fund", build a total of 24,000 square meters of housing for "double poor households" and transform 39,000 square meters of low-income dangerous houses. The living standards of urban and rural residents have improved significantly. In 2006, the balance of savings deposits of urban and rural residents reached 83.277 billion yuan, the annual per capita disposable income of urban residents was 18897 yuan, and the annual per capita net income of farmers was 9006 yuan.

Verb (abbreviation of verb) has made new achievements in social undertakings.

Adhere to the strategy of "revitalizing the city through science and technology" and vigorously promote the construction of urban innovation system. It has 12 1 national, provincial and municipal engineering technology research and development centers and 3 postdoctoral workstations, and the Torch District Entrepreneurship Center has been awarded the title of "National Entrepreneurship Service Center". Successfully established the province's "education city", and the coverage rate of high-quality degrees in primary and secondary schools is nearly 80%; The gross enrollment rate of high school and higher education reached 75.3% and 43.8%, and free and compulsory education was implemented for registered students in the city; 5 institutions of higher education. The research and application of Xiangshan culture has achieved fruitful results, the public cultural service system has been continuously improved, and all township cultural stations have reached the standards above the provincial level. China Radio Museum in Zhongshan and Xiangshan Commercial and Cultural Museum have become the first batch of similar museums in China respectively. With a collection of 640,000 volumes, Zhongshan Library is a national first-class public library. Since its opening, Zhongshan Culture and Art Center, with an investment of more than 500 million yuan, has successfully held major events such as Boao Forum for Asia 2005 Annual Meeting of Cultural Industry, and has become a cultural landmark of our city. Sports has developed vigorously and won the title of "National Fitness Model City". In 2006, three athletes in our city broke (surpassed) seven world records four times, and won four world championships for teams and individuals, and the national championship 1. Actively create a national eco-city and a Guangdong forestry eco-city, set up a natural ecological protection zone in Wugui Mountain, promote the "Green Zhongshan Land Project", and vigorously carry out cleaner production, pollution control and cleaner production. The three-level public health service network in towns and villages was further improved. There are national and provincial health towns 18, and the coverage rate of community health services reaches 8 1%. Establish and improve the animal disease prevention and control system. Vigorously promote the construction of "safe Zhongshan", further improve the petition network, and the situation of safe production is good. Improve the prevention and control system of social security, and initially establish a three-level floating population management system at city, town and village (residence). Construction of political and legal network (Golden Shield Project) and social security video monitoring system began, and it won the title of "Chang 'an Cup" as an excellent city for comprehensive management of social security in China.

In 2007, the Municipal Party Committee and the Municipal Government put forward the working policy of "developing scientifically, improving people's livelihood and promoting harmony", and correctly handled "five relationships" in their work: first, the relationship between "good" and "fast" in economic development to ensure the unity of economic growth quality and efficiency; Second, develop the relationship between "external" and "internal" in power to realize the coordinated development of internal and external source economy; Third, the relationship between "construction" and "management" in urban construction, combining the strengthening of major infrastructure construction with scientific and effective management; Fourth, the relationship between "leniency" and "strictness" in social management, forming a management order of combining leniency with strictness and civilized rule of law; Fifth, the relationship between "receiving" and "releasing" in interest coordination should not only increase the overall planning of resources and financial resources, but also reflect the downward interests. The main expected goals of economic and social development are: the city's GDP growth is about 12%, the total industrial output growth is about 14%, the fixed assets investment of the whole society is about 6%, the foreign trade export is about 15%, the annual per capita disposable income of urban residents is about 5%, the annual per capita net income of farmers is about 6%, and the registered unemployment rate in cities and towns is controlled within 3%.

The terrain of Zhongshan City is like a clenched fist, long and narrow from north to south and short and narrow from east to west. Terrain configuration is divided into northern plain, central mountain and southern plain. The plain area accounts for about 68% of the city's area, the mountains account for 25%, and the rivers account for 7%. The city is surrounded by water on three sides, and its main waterways flow from northwest to southeast. More than 5,000 rivers and artificial irrigation and drainage channels are criss-crossed, interconnected and distributed in a radial fan shape with sharp corners as the apex. The topography of Zhongshan was formed on the basis of South China paraplatform after long-term climate change and wind and rain erosion. Now it is dominated by alluvial plains, and low mountain and hilly platforms are scattered among them.

The basement of the plain is granite, which belongs to silting and floating origin. The city's plain covers an area of about 1242 square kilometers, which is divided into three major areas by low mountains and hills: the northern plain, starting from Zhangjiabian in the east, reaching Guzhen in the west, Huangpu in the north and near Shi Qi in the south, with an area of about 850 square kilometers, making it the widest plain in the city; The southern plain, also known as Jindouwan Plain, borders Zhuhai in the south and southeast, Modaomen Waterway in the southwest, and Wuguishan low hills and Baishuilin high hills in the north and northwest, covering an area of about 1 1O square kilometers, making it the second largest plain in the city. Southwest Plain, located on the east side of the middle reaches of Modaomen Waterway, covers an area of nearly 100 square kilometers, with low terrain, mostly below sea level and high groundwater level, which is a low-level soil distribution area in the city.

Tidal flats are mainly distributed in the eastern coast, southwestern coast and river banks of the city, and some of them have crossed the outside of Hengmen, covering an area of about 150 square kilometers. The city's coast is 26 kilometers, close to the Lingdingyang area of the Pearl River Estuary, and most of them belong to the muddy coast. Due to the continuous downward deposition of alluvium and the continuous expansion of beach area, Xijiang River and Beijiang River estuary extend outward year by year, becoming a new alluvial plain.

The hilly platform is located in the south of the central part of the city, covering an area of about 400 square kilometers. With Wugui Mountain as the main vein, it forms the main body of urban low mountain and hilly platform with surrounding mountains. The altitude is mostly between 100 and 300m, and there are many peaks over 300m 10. There are 9 mountain ranges in China, including Zhuoqi Mountain, Qishan Mountain, Changyao Longshan Mountain, Dajian Mountain, Nantai Mountain, Zhoudongkeng Mountain, Baiyunjing Mountain, Wugui Mountain and Feiyun Dongshan Mountain, among which Wugui Mountain is the highest, with an altitude of 53 1 meter. The mountains are continuous and majestic, and the southeast slope extends to Zhuhai city. Penny Mountain is located in the west of Wugui Mountain and reaches Modaomen Waterway in the west. Its area is smaller than Wugui Mountain, and its basement is mainly granite with strong weathering resistance. The mountain is steep, with five peaks over 300 meters, and the highest peak is Baishui Linda 473 meters. The low hills in Wugui Mountain and Penny Mountain are basically covered by vegetation; There are many trees and shrubs in the valley. On the periphery of mountainous hills, the height gradually decreases, and it is a vast hill and an obvious platform with the same height, mainly distributed in Shaxi, Zhangjiabian and other towns. The platform is generally between 25 and 50 meters above sea level and has a thick weathered layer. Most of the cultural and economic activities in fruit gardens, dry fields and cities have been developed, mainly in this area. Rural settlements and highway access are also related to the platform.

Second, geology.

The exposed strata in Zhongshan City are mainly Cenozoic Quaternary, with Paleozoic, Mesozoic and Proterozoic Sinian strata exposed sporadically in the north, middle and south. Cenozoic Quaternary is widely distributed in China, which can be divided into eluvial, alluvial, alluvial and marine deposits according to genetic types.

The geological structure system belongs to the central Guangdong depression in the northern, northeastern and central Guangdong depression belts of South China fold bundle. The central Guangdong depression is divided into several uplift fault bundles, and Zhongshan is located in the southwest section of Zengcheng-Taishan uplift fault bundle. The fault structures in the city are developed, widely distributed and exposed obviously. According to its trend, it can be divided into northeast, northeast, northwest and east-west arrays. Fold structures, because sedimentary rocks are not exposed much, but also damaged by fault changes and magma intrusion, are mostly incomplete, with only two obvious groups: Shenwan fold and Yongmo fold.

Mineral resources, due to the simple stratigraphic distribution, mineral resources are not rich. Solid combustible minerals: peat soil is the only fuel mineral in Zhongshan, distributed in Zhangjiabian and Nannan? The oil content in the two towns is generally around 10%, and some of them are as high as 16% ~ 18%. The quality is good, but the reserve is only about 6.5438+0 million tons, the topsoil is thin and the mining cost is low, so it can be used for small-scale open-pit mining in some areas. Metal minerals: magnetite, wolframite, placer tin, etc. Because of small reserves, low grade, scattered veins and low mining value. Building minerals: oyster shells, widely distributed in the northern delta plain, are not deeply buried, and the thickness can reach 2 to 4 meters. They are distributed in strips and layers, rich in calcium, and are one of the commonly used building materials in cities. Stone is mainly granite, mainly distributed in the hilly area of Wugui Mountain. Kaolin is mainly distributed around the city and at Zhangjiabian.

Three. hydrology

The density of river network in Zhongshan City is one of the larger areas in China. Waterways and rivers receive water from the west and north rivers, and the water begins to rise in April every year, and gradually drops at 5438+00 in June, and the flood season lasts for more than half a year. Northeast is the Li Hongqi waterway of Beijiang River system; The middle part is the East China Sea Waterway, and the lower branches are the Jiya Waterway and Xiaolan Waterway, which merge into the Hengmen Waterway. The west is the main stream of Xijiang River, and it goes to sea at Modaomen. Huangpu Waterway and Huangshali communicate with each other, forming a criss-crossing river network. There are 289 tributaries in the city, with a total length of 977.438+0 km. Main waterways:

Ji Ya Waterway is connected to Ronggui Waterway in the north, and the two banks start from Dongfeng and Fusha Town in the north; From the east coast to the north, it passes through nantou town, Maxinlianwei and Minsanliwei, joins Xiaolan Waterway at the southern end of the Great China Sea and flows into Hengmen Waterway, with a total length of 33 kilometers and a width of 200 to 300 meters. The waterway discharges the torrent of Xijiang River, and the two banks become flood control areas in Zhongshan City.

Xiaolan Waterway is connected to Ma Ning Waterway in Shunde City in the north and flows into the urban area at Ying Ge Mouth. Both sides pass through Xiaolan, Tanbei and Port Town; The east coast passes through Dongfeng and Fusha Town, joins Jiya Waterway at Dananxu and flows into Hengmen Waterway to go to sea. The total length is 3 1 km and the width is 150 to 300 meters. The waterway discharges the upstream Xijiang flood, and the two banks become the main flood control areas of the city.

Hengmen Waterway connects Xiaolan Waterway, Jiya Waterway and Shi Qi Waterway, passes through Zhangjiabian and Zhongshan Port Area, and flows out of the Pearl River Estuary through Hengmen. Total length 12km, width 800 ~1000 m.

Huangshali is connected to Jiya Waterway in the west, flows eastward through the boundary between Huangpu and Sanjiao Town, and flows into Li Hongqi Waterway in Shatou, Shiji, with a total length of10km and a width of130 ~150m. It is the irrigation and drainage river of farmland in Huangpu Town, Sanjiao Town and Minzhong Town, and also the main flood drainage tributary of Jiya Waterway.

Huangpu Waterway connects Jiya Waterway in the west and Li Hongqi Waterway in the east, with a total length of 1 1 km and a width of 100 to150m. It is the irrigation and drainage river of farmland in Huangpu and Nantou Town.

Shiqi River passes through the city center, flows northeast through the border area between suburbs and Zhangjia, flows out of Donghekou Sluice and flows into Hengmen Waterway. From west to south, it passes through Huancheng District and Banfu Town, reaches Xihekou Sluice and exits Luozhoumen, with a total length of 46 kilometers and a width of 80 to 200 meters.

Beitaixi originated in Wugui Mountain, between the wind-blown Luodai Peak and Meihua Dome. The trunk flows to the north and northwest, flows through Binglang Mountain and Shiying Bridge, turns west to Meihuakeng, flows out of Shiguta, Nankengkou, Ziniwan and other villages through manger, flows into Shi Qi through Beitai Bridge of Dadong Yangshan Guankouqi Highway, and flows around the northern foot of Huzhou Mountain. It is 23 kilometers long and 6 to 12 meters wide.

The Dahuan River (small hidden surge) originates between the main peak of Wugui Mountain and the peak of Luodai, which is blown by the wind. The trunk flows to the north and northeast, and the water flowing through Huitongzi Pit in Daliao Village passes through Laowulin, exits the west fork, passes through Dahuan Village and flows into Hengmen Waterway. It is 25 kilometers long and 8 to 15 meters wide.