Why is Taiyuan referred to as "soldier"?

Originally refers to the vast and flat terrain, such as plains, plateaus, grasslands, sand plains and tundra. Erya, the earliest monograph explaining the meaning of words in China, said: "Guangping is as original as before." Bai Juyi's Farewell to Ancient Grass, "Wandering Grass, Come and Go with the Four Seasons" and Mao Zedong's "Qinyuanchun Snow" are all wonderful uses of the original works. Tai, the old saying "big", such as Tai Zai is also called "big slaughter", and the prince is also called "eldest son"; There is also a difference between big and too big. If it is too big, add a little more, and it will be said to be bigger than big, which means endless, or very big and great. In China, the earliest records of Taiyuan are Shangshu Gong Yu and Shi Mao Xiaoya in June. The former is "backing the hukou, managing the beach, and managing the gap." Both Taiyuan and Yueyang have "; The latter is "thin and strict, as for Taiyuan". The former is called Hukou, that is, Hukou Waterfall of the West Yellow River in Jixian County, which is famous all over the world. Liang and Qi are different names of Luliang Mountain in different areas, and Yueyang is the sun of Taiyue (south), which refers to the vast Pingchuan area in the lower reaches of Fenhe River today. The latter, according to Gu's Records of the Sun and Taiyuan, swam in the Pingchuan area centered on Pingliang, Gansu. Whether Yugong is Taiyuan or Taiyuan in June, it is obvious that both of them have surpassed the original topographic name of Er Ya and entered the domain name, which is a proper name. It is true that this "Taiyuan" system appears as a regional name, not an organization name.

Taiyuan became an organization name, referring to the area around Taiyuan today, which was in the second half of the Warring States period. According to Records of the Historian Qin Benji and Biography of Leitian, in the forty-eighth year of Qin Zhao (the first 259 years), Sima Geng set up Taiyuan in the north, and in the third year of Qin Zhuang Wang Xiang (the first 247 years), he set up Taiyuan County to govern Jinyang (now the northeast ancient city camp area of Jinyuan Town). Because Jinyang is the county seat of Taiyuan, and later the town of Taiyuan, Jinyang has been called Taiyuan since then, and this title has not changed until the Sui, Tang and Five Dynasties. Although Taiyuan basin is not as flat and vast as the south of Shanxi in the lower reaches of Fenhe River, it still enjoys the reputation of "Great Plain" in mountainous Shanxi.

It is true that today's mention of Taiyuan in the Taiyuan Basin centered on Jinyang is recorded in the middle of the third century BC. But before Sima Geng set up Taiyuan and Qin set up Taiyuan County, there was Jinyang, which later became Taiyuan County. According to Zhao Ce Yi, the Warring States Policy, Jinyang City was built by Dong Anyu, an outstanding politician and architect in Zhao Jianzi. "At the beginning, the walls of this palace were all made of Chu walls in Hao Di ... the rooms of the palace were all made of copper. In the thirteenth year of Spring and Autumn Annals (497 BC), it was recorded that "Zhao Jinyang rebelled in Jinyang"; "Zuo Zhuan" wrote "Zhao Yang attacked Jinyang and the Jin people surrounded it"; Biography of the Ram says that "Yang took Jinyang's armor to chase after the historical records". This shows that the construction of Jinyang City can be traced back to 497 BC at the latest, which means that it has a history of at least nearly 2,500 years.

Taiyuan and Tang Ming towns

Nowadays, when many locals and foreigners wander around the streets of Taiyuan, they often stop to look at the four characters "Tang Ming Hotel" at the intersection of Yingze Street and Jiefang Road, although this early building is very common today, and there is nothing unique about it. People pay attention to it. Does it mean "Tang Ming"? The evolution of this has to start with the pacification of the Northern Han Dynasty in the early Song Dynasty. After the unification war between Song Taizu and Emperor Taizong, the North and the South were unified one after another, but the Northern Han Dynasty, which was divided into Jinyang and Taiyuan, did not last long. In the fourth year of Taiping (979), Zhao Guangyi and Song Taizong personally signed. Until the Northern Han Dynasty ran out of staple food and surrendered, residents were still lying on the roof carrying bricks, and Luva persisted in resisting. Zhao Guangyi was angry with embarrassment. After the city was broken, an ancient city that had been running for thousands of years was burned to ashes. After losing their homes, many Jinyang people crossed the Fenhe River and came to the nearby town of Tang Ming.

Tang Ming Town is in Xiyang City, Taiyuan City. In fact, this town is just an east-west street. However, the geographical situation of the town is still relatively prosperous, with mountains and water, tight passes and dangerous terrain. If the strategic focus of the ancient central dynasty has always been to guard against the nomadic people in the north, Tang Ming Town in the northeast of Fenhe River has a more important strategic position than Jinyang City in the southwest of Fenhe River. This is even more obvious if we look at the natural barrier in the north, Shilingguan and Tianmen Pass, which are all in the northeast of Fenhe River, not in the northwest of Fenhe River. As soon as the Northern Song Dynasty was established, it was born with the threat of Liao soldiers going south. In the seventh year of Taiping and Xingguo (982), that is, in the third year when Jinyang City was captured, Pan Mei in the Song Dynasty quickly expanded Tang Ming Town and built a city wall to replace Jinyang as a great defense in the north. The wall built in Pan Mei in those days has become the embryonic form of Taiyuan City today. At the beginning, Fang Ying Street, Jihuying, Jiaochang Lane, etc. Stationed in the army, residential shops are distributed like mosaics-admittedly, they are not all named Gan Song Dynasty-and they still have the strategic thought of Pan Mei's military-civilian joint defense. Taiyuan's military-civilian flower arrangement can be regarded as a rare feature in the history of ancient urban construction.

After the wall was built in Pan Mei, it was first established by Tang Ming, then by Yangqu County, and then by Song Renzong, the establishment of Taiyuan House was restored. Since then, Yangqu County has become a city of Taiyuan. Jin Yuanhao asked "Biography of Jinyang Old City" and said, "Wang Xue went out to drop the people, and the roof tiles flew like arrows. Liu Fen definitely entered the West Gate and moved to Tang Ming Village ",which describes the historical change of Taiyuan's transition from Jinyang City to Tang Ming Town. The Yuan Dynasty was ruled by Taiyuan Road, and the Ming and Qing Dynasties were ruled by Taiyuan House. Until 1927, Taiyuan City was established, and Yangqu County was always subordinate to it, so there was a saying that "Taiyuan and Jinyang were a city before the Tang Dynasty, and Taiyuan and Yangqu were a city after the Song Dynasty". Now Tang Ming Hotel is named after Tang Ming Town, the predecessor of Taiyuan City. It is located on the southern edge of Tang Ming town.

Taiyuan Jinxiu

In ancient times, there was a saying that "flowers and flowers really set home, Taiyuan city is beautiful", which originated from the northern folk proverb in Song and Yuan Dynasties. According to the Biography of Chen Yaozuo in Song Dynasty, during the jubilee of Song Zhenzong, when Yaozuo ruled the state, the Fenhe River surged and flooded. Yao took precautions, built a long dike on the east bank to protect the city, and introduced Fen between Fen dike and Fucheng-from Shengli Bridge in the west to Liuxi Street in the west, to Xiguan in the drought, and it has accumulated into a lake on Friday, with tens of thousands of willows planted beside the dike, named "Liuxi". According to the records in Volume 78 of Annals of All Nations, Volume 8 of Annals of Wanli in Taiyuan Pavilion and Volume 36 of History as a Mirror, around Liuxi, Huatang rises under Yang Liu Yin and passes behind the hall. There are pavilions on the dike and Liuxi Pavilion, and there are four pavilions in the lake. The trees are blue and the walls are red, and the pavilions are dotted, which is gorgeous. At the beginning, this water conservancy project not only benefited the people, but also became a major landscape in Taiyuan. At that time, there were Liuxi in the river. There is a school of cypress trees on the east and west mountains in the west wing, which are lush and colorful, competing with each other and reflecting each other from afar, attracting tourists from all over the world. Later, the poet Shen Tang praised Taiyuan at that time in Shang Taiyuan Magistrate Wang Shangshu: "The mountains and rivers are picturesque and famous throughout the ages." If the natural and cultural landscape is so, it is very natural to be known as "Splendid Taiyuan City". If "flowers and beautiful flowers define a house" and "flowers and beautiful flowers" mean "flowers and beautiful flowers", "Guang Yun Ma Yun", "flowers and China customs are universal today", "Guangya Cao Shi" and "flowers, China also", the whole sentence is still about a bustling real (right) house. Stabilization House, now Zhengding City, Hebei Province, was the richest and most prosperous metropolis in the central part of North China Plain for thousands of years before the rise of Shijiazhuang. People are used to associating "Splendid Taiyuan City" with "Flower Real Houses" because Zhengding and Taiyuan, two world-famous metropolises inside and outside the ancient Jingxingkou, are not only located in the east-west parallel line, but also the only way for Shanxi Plateau and North China Plain to return to each other-today it is the starting point and end point of Shijiazhuang-Taiyuan Railway.

The ancient capital is also different from the capital.

Before the Warring States Period, Jinyang was the unknown capital of Zhao. It has been 74 years since the 13th year of Lu (497 BC) went to Yangyang to move to Zhongmou in the first year of Zhao (423 BC). In the tenth year of Taiyuan in Jin Dynasty (385), Fu Pi proclaimed himself emperor in Jinyang, which was once the prelude capital. In the 4th year of Ganyou (95 1), Liu Hao proclaimed himself emperor in Jinyang, with Jinyang as the capital of the Northern Han Dynasty, and lived for Liu Hao, Liu Jun and Liu Jiyuan III for 28 years, until he died in the Song Dynasty in the 4th year of Xingguo in Song Taiping (979). The capitals of the above three dynasties have been built for more than 100 years.

Jinyang is also the capital of the Eastern Wei Dynasty and the Northern Qi Dynasty. The Tang dynasty was designated as the northern capital, Beijing. "Pearl of Primary School": "Tang Sijing: Jingzhao (now Xi 'an) is Zhongjing, Henan (now Luoyang) is Tokyo, Taiyuan is Beijing and Fengxiang is Xijing. "After the Five Dynasties, first Xijing, then Beijing.

What is particularly worth mentioning here should be Tang, Beijing and Taiyuan. At that time, Jinyang was an important town in the north of the Tang Dynasty and became the third largest city in China after Chang 'an and Luoyang, and its shape reached its peak. According to the records of Yongle Dadian, Volume 5204, Records of Taiyuan and Jinyang Ji, "the city is forty miles around, twelve miles east and west, and two hundred and thirty-two steps north and south". At that time, Taiyuan was composed of three cities: the west, the east and the middle, with the west city as a complex across the Fenhe River, with 24 gates alone. Xicheng is also called the capital. There are three inner cities in the city, namely Jinyang Miyagi (New City), Cangcheng and Daming City. In the northwest corner of the city, there is Luocheng, which is used for flood control and peacetime defense. It's like a huge urban cluster, with cities inside the city, cities outside the city and urban clusters. Its scale is magnificent, its landscape is beautiful and its humanities are prosperous, which can be described as the golden age in Taiyuan's history.

Taiyuan Dominic

Taiyuan is nicknamed "Jinyang" and "Bingzhou". Jinyang, "Notes on Water Classics and Jinshui Notes" says that "the city is in the sun of Jinshui, so it is called Jinyang". Its evolution has been described in detail before, from Zhao Jian to the peak of Sui and Tang Dynasties, which lasted for 65,438+05 centuries. Until the early Song Dynasty, it was ruled by Taiyuan County and Taiyuan Prefecture for a long time, and even called "Taiyuan". It is the predecessor of the newly-built Taiyuan in Tang Ming Town, just across the river from the original Jinyang Taiyuan House. People naturally take Jinyang as another name for Taiyuan. Today, Jinyang Fort, Jinyang Lake and Jinyang Hotel in Taiyuan are all taken from the meaning of Yangcheng in Kuching.

Bing Zhou, Bing Zhou: "Li Zhou Zhi Fang Shi" said that Dayu put down the flood and divided the world into Kyushu, one of which is in the middle of Hebei and the north-central part of Shanxi. Geography of the Book of Jin says that "if the clouds meet, they are between the two valleys". From the Han and Wei Dynasties to the Tang and Song Dynasties, the country merged along the ancient system for a long time; Uneven jurisdiction in the past dynasties gradually tightened to the middle reaches of Fenhe River, which governed Jinyang Taiyuan House. When the organizational system of Bingzhou was revoked, it was still customarily called "Bingzhou". Pu Yuan, a Jiangnan poet in the Ming Dynasty, wrote Bingzhou Cold Food: "The dreamer is thousands of miles away from home, and he feels cold food in Bingzhou." Only in this way, Bingzhou has always been another name for Taiyuan, and Taiyuan is called "Lian" for short. News reports often say "... merge" and "... merge", which means they have arrived in Taiyuan. Today's "Bingzhou Road" and "Bingzhou Theatre" in Taiyuan. "Bingzhou Hotel" and so on. , also covers this point.

In ancient times, Taiyuan was also called Daxia, Xuxia, Pingyang and Dalu.

Heroes and Xu Xia: These two names are actually the same concept. In the first year of Zhao Dynasty (54 1), Zuo Zhuan moved the stone to be the Great Summer. Du pre-note: "Summer belongs to Jinyang County today." Why is Taiyuan also called "Big Summer"? "The Book of the Emperor" says "I moved from Anyi to Jinyang, and then to Jieyi to Anyi". That is to say, since Yu Xia once took Jinyang as its capital, it is natural to call Jinyang "Summer". Market, so the address, so the city. Guangya Shi: "The city is also (land and residence)." Wang Niansun Shuzheng: "Autumn and Xu are the places where they live." "The Warring States Policy Qi Ce VI": "Break the swallow of ten thousand cities and restore the city." Zhu De's "Three Scenes with Comrade Dong": "People in the city are different." In a word; Summer site and Daxia are synonyms.

Pingyang: According to the "Imperial Century", Yao lived in Jinyang before he ascended the throne, and later built Pingyang (now Linfen) as his capital. For generations, Pingyang, the capital of Du Yao, is also known as Pingyang, its former residence.

Road: "Spring and Autumn" Zhao Yuannian (54 1): "Jin Xun and Wu Shuai were defeated by the road." Du Pre-note: "Road, Dayuan Jinyang County. "Biography of Gu Liang said:' China is called Dayuan, and Yidi is called Dalu.' "The so-called" number from China, name from the master ". Why is Yidi called "big brine"? Because in ancient times, there were many places in the east of Jinyang Fen where salt and alkali were taboo. According to the Records of Yuanhe County (volume 13), the well water in Fendong, Jinyang was still salty and bitter until the Tang Dynasty, and it was necessary to rely on the aqueduct "Golden Canal" to draw Shanxi water from Fenxi for government and people's use. In ancient times, the surrounding well was called "the road", while the Chinese in China called it "Dayuan" rather than "the road", because "saline-alkali repelling brine" is only an individual part of Jinyang, which is not representative in the vast Jinyang area; People don't like its truth, goodness and beauty.

Taiyuan times

The historical era of Taiyuan fell to the city in the unification war in the early Song Dynasty, and even moved and rebuilt. Therefore, two calculation methods have been formed:

1. After the fall of Jinyang Taiyuan Fucheng, Pan Mei was appointed by the Song Dynasty in the seventh year of Taiping Xingguo (982) to build a new Taiyuan City on the basis of Tang Ming Town. In other words, the age of Taiyuan City where we live today should be 10 15 years old.

Second, counting from the 13th year of Lu recorded in historical documents (the first 497 years), that is to say, it should be 2494 when Dong An, the retainer, established Jinyang City as its capital-it will be the 2500th anniversary of Taiyuan's capital in six years.

No matter which algorithm is used. Taiyuan is a metropolis with long history and long-term sustainable development. As one of her residents, besides being born proud, we should cherish its glorious history and make our own practical contribution to its glorious future. Isn't it an honor?