Encyclopedia of CNC machine tools

Introduction: How much do you know about CNC machine tools? Let me take you to see the encyclopedia introduction about CNC machine tools! I hope I can help you!

1, the introduction of CNC machine tools

Heavy CNC machine tools are mainly used to process large and extra-large precision parts, serving major industrial pillar industries such as national defense, aerospace, ships, energy (thermal power, hydropower, nuclear power, wind power generation), transportation (railways, automobiles), metallurgy, construction machinery, and national engineering projects.

At present, China's independent research and development of heavy machine tools and ultra-heavy machine tools basically meet the engineering needs of some countries, and have repeatedly created the world's highest limit specifications.

For example, China has manufactured a series of heavy-duty CNC vertical milling lathes with a machining diameter of 25m, a floor milling and boring machine with a boring bar diameter of 320mm, a CNC gantry milling and boring machine with a machining width of over 10m, a CNC heavy-duty horizontal lathe with a rotary diameter of over 5000mm and other products with independent intellectual property rights, and the technical level is close to the advanced level in the world.

2, the competitiveness of CNC machine tools

In the face of the rapid decline of other machine tool markets under the financial crisis, the heavy machine tool market has hardly been affected, which has led many machine tool manufacturers to turn to the large heavy machine tool market with better market. The reason is that in the field of heavy machine tools, the international competitiveness is relatively not fierce, which makes domestic heavy machine tool enterprises successfully realize import substitution in some product markets.

(1) The development trend of heavy gantry machining center is high power, high torque, high compound and complex hole surface machining ability.

The highest level of heavy gantry machining center in the world is Wadrich in Germany? Coburg's products, Yi Bei machine tools adopt German Wadrich? Coburg's technology. Compared with Coburg machine tool, Scheiss has basically the same power, torque and specifications, but Scheiss's machine tool spindle has high rotation speed and good accuracy retention, and it is at a higher level technically. Compared with other products at home and abroad, foreign countries have strong heavy cutting ability and high machining accuracy, and have many technical advantages, such as beam machining profiling technology, Z-axis ram length compensation technology, gantry frame X-axis moving double motors, three motors and even four motors synchronization technology.

(2) Domestic manufacturers of floor milling and boring machines mainly include Kunming Machine Tool Plant, Qiqihar No.2 Machine Tool Plant, Jinan No.2 Machine Tool Plant and Wuhan Heavy Machinery Plant. Foreign manufacturers of floor milling and boring machines mainly include: PAMA in Italy, Heath in Germany, INNSEBERARDI in Italy, SKODA in Czech Republic, etc.

(3) The main foreign manufacturers of CNC gantry mobile and desktop turning and milling centers are Coburg, Peter Canacci, Geegon and scharmann. These companies have many years of experience in producing main machine tools.

Domestic development research is still in its infancy, and the technology is not mature enough. At present, domestic machine tools have some shortcomings, such as low bearing capacity, low precision and low load.

(4) CNC single-column mobile vertical milling machine for heavy CNC lathe is the key equipment for machining hydraulic turbines in the Three Gorges Project, which represents the production capacity and level of ultra-heavy machine tools in China, and marks that China's independent intellectual property products have reached the world advanced level and become one of the few suppliers of ultra-heavy machine tools in the world. It also lays a foundation for designing and manufacturing more series of milling-turning compound machine tools.

In addition, the CNC heavy horizontal lathe designed and manufactured by Zhongqi CNC is the supporting equipment provided by Harbin Electric Machinery Factory for the Three Gorges Project. The machining diameter is 4.3m, the machining length is 18m, and the maximum bearing capacity is 250t. This machine tool can realize automatic measurement of workpieces and tool alignment in the machine tool. When machining the turbine rotor of the Three Gorges Unit, the workpiece weighing 200t is clamped at one time to complete all the machining of the workpiece. The successful development of this machine tool indicates that the manufacturing capacity of heavy horizontal lathe has reached a new level.

3, the advantages of heavy CNC machine tools

In recent two years, China's heavy CNC machine tools have developed fastest, such as heavy CNC gantry boring and milling machine, heavy floor boring and milling machine, heavy vertical horizontal lathe and so on. The annual output and market consumption rank first in the world.

The rapid development of heavy machine tools directly reflects China's large demand for heavy equipment manufacturing industries such as electric power, shipbuilding, petrochemical and mining. A number of new products such as CNC double gantry boring and milling machine, gantry turning and milling compound machining machine tool, pentahedral gantry machining center with interchangeable milling heads and movable beams have been successfully developed. The key technologies such as hydrostatic guideway and hydrostatic bearing technology, synchronous control and motion compensation technology, five-axis linkage technology, high-power double pendulum milling head and heavy-duty turntable have been broken through one after another, which indicates that the development of heavy machine tools in China has reached a new height.

Beijing No.1 Machine Tool Works began to manufacture the super-heavy CNC gantry boring and milling machine with the largest single machine output value (87 million yuan/set) in China. At present, a batch of the world's most super-heavy machine tools have been put into development one after another, which will guide China to enter the ranks of the world's heavy machine tool manufacturing powers.

Wuhan Heavy Machine Tool Group has manufactured XKD ultra-heavy CNC double gantry boring and milling machine and put it into use. The machine tool is a double-dragon gantry with four milling heads. The gantry is 6.8 meters wide and the processing length is 57 meters. The movable four-milling head structure of Shuanglong Gate is the first in China.

Zhongqi CNC Equipment Co., Ltd. successfully trial-produced BVDM3 15? 5MC vertical milling and drilling center, the machine tool adopts double-column gantry frame structure, double tool holders and double 24 tool magazines. The central spindle has water outlet function, and the rotation speed reaches 5000r/min. The hydrostatic guide rail has the function of C-axis rotation of the workbench, with the workbench diameter of 3 150mm and the positioning accuracy of 5? The maximum machining diameter is 3 150mm, and the workpiece weighs 20t. This machine tool is used to process the bearings of large-scale wind turbines, which fills the gap in China.

Qiqihar No.2 Machine Tool Group Company successfully trial-produced XK2 127 five-axis CNC gantry moving beam boring and milling machine. The machine tool adopts new technologies such as long-span and heavy-duty ball screw and auxiliary device, automatic accessory exchange device, spindle floating clamping device, hydraulic proportional balance of cross beam, and the workbench is 8000mm? 3000mm, spindle speed 5~2000r/min, servo motor power 24kW, which can realize multi-axis control and five-axis linkage.

Shenyang Machine Tool (Group) Co., Ltd. has successfully developed GMC2060u five-axis gantry machining center. Some breakthroughs have been made in synchronous control and adjustment technology of X-direction bidirectional drive, error compensation technology of five-coordinate linkage, overall structure and topology optimization of machine tools, and some progress has been made in high speed, high precision and high rigidity. This machine tool is widely used in military industry.

VX32~60 pentahedral gantry machining center manufactured by Dalian Machine Tool Group Co., Ltd. adopts rolling linear guide rail, motorized spindle and CNC double pendulum angle milling head, and can move cross beam table interchangeably. Machine tools have made new breakthroughs in the design and manufacture of key technologies.

4. The most accurate grinder in the world

China is the first country to manufacture sub-nanometer precision machine tools in the world, mainly during this period: it became the third country to master the manufacturing and processing technology of high-precision optical parts after the United States and Germany, and it is also the country with the research and development capability of magnetorheological and ion beam polishing equipment in the world at present.

China is the largest CNC bending machine with the highest accuracy in the world. Although it is not a machine tool, there are many similarities between technology and machine tools, and it belongs to a strategic super machine. Its level directly determines the manufacturing technology of submarines. The bending machines used by submarines in the United States and Japan are all from Sweden and Switzerland, mainly Sweden. China and Sweden are the countries that can make the plate bending machine to the extreme in the world, and they have all complete extreme manufacturing fields and strategic super machine systems including plate bending machines.

In 2008, Qinchuan Machine Tool Group Company developed VTM260 gantry milling compound machining center. The machine tool has the function of seven axes and five linkages, and the degree of compounding is high. It can realize the functions of turning, milling, boring, drilling, tapping and turning threads at one time.

5, the gap between domestic and foreign products

Although China's heavy machine tool industry has made great progress in recent years, it has also made gratifying development. However, in terms of high-grade heavy CNC machine tools, we still rely on imports, and products from Germany and Italy represent the world's advanced level.

There is little difference in structure between domestic products and foreign products, and the new technologies adopted are similar, but there is still a certain gap between domestic products and advanced countries in the world in terms of advanced technology application and manufacturing technology.

The development ability and manufacturing cycle of new products can't meet the needs of domestic users, and the manufacturing accuracy of parts and the maintenance and reliability of the whole machine accuracy still need to be greatly improved, especially in the CNC system and functional components matching with heavy machine tools, such as tool magazine, manipulator and two-coordinate milling machine, which need overseas manufacturers to meet.

Heavy machine tool manufacturing enterprises have strong manufacturing ability, but they are large but not refined. The main reason is that the processing equipment is backward and the numerical control rate is very low, especially the lack of high-precision processing equipment. At the same time, domestic enterprises generally lack the ability of independent innovation, because the market demand characteristics of small batch heavy machine tools determine higher requirements for technological innovation. There is still a certain gap between domestic heavy CNC machine tools and well-known enterprises in developed countries. The gap in product level is mainly reflected in:

The advanced level of spindle speed abroad (1) has reached as high as 3000~4000r/min, while the domestic spindle speed mainly hovers at 800~ 1500r/min.

(2) The advanced level of fast-forward in foreign countries is 20000 ~ 30000mm/min, and it is mainly 6000 ~ 10000mm/min in China.

(3) The foreign advanced horizontal positioning accuracy is 0.0151000 mm, and the repeated positioning accuracy is 0.003 ~ 0.007 mm. The domestic product positioning accuracy is 0.025/ 1000mm, and the repeated positioning accuracy is 0.01~ 0.0/kl. .

(4) The reliability, accuracy, stability, versatility, flexibility and intelligence of other machine tools are not as good as those of foreign manufacturers, and there is also a gap in appearance quality.

Although the technology of domestic manufacturers is slightly lower than the advanced level of foreign countries, they have great advantages in manufacturing capacity and price, especially the ultra-heavy machine tools have reached the contemporary international advanced level. We believe that with the progress of science and technology and hard work, China heavy machine tool manufacturing will gradually narrow the gap.

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