Educational Psychology: Kohlberg's Theory of Moral Development Stages —— Teacher Recruitment in Tianjin in 2020

Kohlberg's theory of moral development stage belongs to the high-frequency test center of educational psychology module in teacher recruitment examination, and the way of giving questions is mostly objective questions. Kohlberg divides people's moral development into three levels, and each level contains two stages, so his theory is called? Three levels and six levels? .

First, the pre-customization level:

(1) Punishment and obedience to moral orientation stage: obedience to authority or rules is only to escape punishment. At this time, children have not yet formed moral concepts and moral consciousness. Their judgment is based on avoiding punishment. They think that the praised behavior is good and the punished behavior is bad.

Therefore, children at this stage answer not to steal medicine, because stealing medicine will be punished, which is not good.

(2) The moral orientation stage of relative utility: whether it is in line with its own interests. At this stage, children's moral value comes from meeting their own needs. They no longer regard the rules as absolute and fixed, and the evaluation of behavior mainly depends on whether it is in their own interests.

At this stage, the child will ask his own question when answering: Is Hans' wife good to him? If it is good, they think Hans should steal the medicine because it is in his own interest to save his wife's life; If it's not good, they don't think Hans should steal medicine because it's not in his interest.

Second, the level of customs:

(3) the orientation stage of seeking identity, also known as? Good boy? Positioning stage: conform to everyone's opinions and seek everyone's appreciation and recognition. At this stage, children's individual moral values are guided by the harmony of interpersonal relationships, obey the requirements of tradition, conform to everyone's opinions, and seek everyone's appreciation and recognition. Always consider others and society, right? Good boy? Requirements, and always try to think according to this requirement, they think that good behavior is to be liked or appreciated.

So children will ask: What do others think? If most people support Hans stealing drugs, then they think they should steal drugs, because stealing drugs is in line with everyone's opinions; If most people are against Hans stealing drugs, then they will think that they should not steal drugs, because stealing drugs is not in line with everyone's opinions.

(4) the moral orientation stage of maintaining authority or order: respect the authority of the law and act in accordance with the authority and relevant norms. At this stage, children's morality is guided by obedience to authority. They abide by social norms, observe public order, respect legal authority, judge right and wrong with the concept of legal system, and know and understand the law. People think that norms and laws maintain social order. Therefore, we should follow the authority and relevant norms.

So children at this stage will answer not to steal medicine, because stealing medicine is illegal and bad.

Third, the post-customization level:

(5) Orientation stage of social contract: the provisions of contract and law are not absolute and can be changed at the request of most people. People at this level think that laws and norms are agreed upon by everyone and are a social contract. They value the effectiveness of law and think that law can help people maintain justice. But at the same time, it is believed that the provisions of the contract and the law are not absolute and can be changed at the request of most people. While emphasizing the rights according to the contract and the law, we recognize the importance of personal obligations and responsibilities.

So at this time, children will think that since Hans will steal drugs to save people, it shows that the current law is not considered enough and should be further revised.

(6) The stage of moral orientation of universal principles, also known as the stage of principle or conscience orientation: As long as the motivation is good and the behavior is correct, the universal morality of human beings is above everything else. This is the highest stage of moral judgment, which is manifested in thinking based on the most universal principles of justice, equality and dignity. When I do some activities according to the principle of my choice, I think that as long as the motivation is good, the behavior is correct. At this stage, they think that the universal morality of human beings is above everything else.

The children at this stage replied that nothing is more important than human life, and Hans should steal medicine anyway.

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