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China Academy of Sciences was established in June 1949 1 1. It is the highest academic institution of science and technology and the national comprehensive research and development center of natural science and high technology. China Academy of Sciences includes 5 departments (Department of Mathematics and Physics, Department of Chemistry, Department of Biology, Department of Geology and Technology), 1 1 branches (Shenyang, Changchun, Shanghai, Nanjing, Wuhan, Guangzhou, Chengdu, Kunming, Xi 'an, Lanzhou and Xinjiang) and 84 research institutes./kloc-. In addition, more than 430 scientific and technological enterprises (including transformation units) have been invested, involving 1 1 industries, including 8 listed companies. Established in 1955, China Academy of Sciences (hereinafter referred to as the "Faculty") is the highest scientific and technological consulting institution in the country, responsible for consulting the national scientific and technological development plan, plan and major scientific and technological decisions, presenting research reports on major scientific and technological issues in the national economic construction and social development, making suggestions on the discipline development strategy and medium-and long-term goals, and commenting and guiding academic issues in important research fields and research institutions. The Department is composed of academicians of China Academy of Sciences. Academician of China Academy of Sciences is selected from the best scientists at home and abroad and co-opted once every two years. There are 687 academicians, including 4 foreign academicians1person. The highest authority of the Faculty is the Academician Conference, and its permanent leading body is the Presidium of the Faculty, with the President of China Academy of Sciences as the executive chairman. The department now has five departments: Mathematics and Physics Department, Chemistry Department, Biology Department, Geology Department and Technology Department. In the early days of its establishment, the Department organized academicians to participate in the formulation of a 12-year long-term plan for scientific and technological development, which had a far-reaching impact on China's scientific and technological development. From 65438 to 0986, at the suggestion of 89 academicians, the National Natural Science Foundation of China Academy of Sciences was established, and on this basis, the National Natural Science Foundation Committee was established. In March of the same year, four academicians,,, Wang, and, jointly put forward a proposal to strengthen high-tech research and development in China, forming a national high-tech research and development plan. 1993, at the initiative of academicians Shi changxu, Zhang Guangdou, Zhang Wei, Luo and Hou Xianglin, China engineering institute was established. In recent years, the Ministry of Education has put forward a series of consulting reports on the western development, national security, population and social sustainable development, high-tech industry development, science education, discipline development strategy and other issues, and submitted them to the State Council and relevant government departments, providing important reference for the state to formulate relevant policies. Basic Scientific Research In the field of basic scientific research, China Academy of Sciences has gradually established and developed basic disciplines of natural sciences such as mathematics, physics, chemistry, mechanics, astronomy, life science, earth science and environment. In the fields of mathematics, physics, chemistry, mechanics and astronomy, there are 16 research institutions, including 10 research institutes, 2 research institutes, 3 observatories, and/kloc-0 time service centers, with nearly 9,000 research and management teams. China University of Science and Technology and the Graduate School of China Academy of Sciences are also important research forces in basic science. At present, there are four national laboratories in basic science, 1 1 national key laboratories and 19 hospital key laboratories in these research institutions. In the pilot work of knowledge innovation project, international research teams such as quantum structure, core mathematics, polymer science and materials, interdisciplinary theoretical physics and complex systems have been launched successively. The research team mainly focuses on major scientific frontier issues, carries out original and innovative research work, and trains first-class scientists who grew up in China through the leading role of the team. In order to promote the research of nanotechnology in China, the National Nanotechnology Center was established on the basis of the Nanotechnology Center of Chinese Academy of Sciences, in conjunction with universities such as Peking University and Tsinghua University. The Chinese Academy of Sciences has built major scientific engineering devices such as BEPC, HIRFL, Hefei Synchrotron Radiation Accelerator, Tokamak and laser fusion device, long-wave time service platform, 2. 16m optical telescope, multi-channel solar magnetic field telescope, meter-wave synthetic aperture radio telescope and other large astronomical observation equipment. At present, the scientific devices under construction include the cooling storage ring of Lanzhou heavy ion accelerator, the large superconducting tokamak with non-circular cross section, the large-area multi-target optical fiber spectral astronomical telescope and the major reconstruction project of Beijing electron-positron collider (including spectrometer). In the field of basic scientific research, China Academy of Sciences has successively obtained many important scientific research achievements, such as mechanical proof of mathematical theorems, symplectic geometry algorithm of Hamiltonian system, accurate measurement of τ lepton mass, synthesis of new nuclides, supernova observation, high temperature superconductivity, preparation and application of carbon nanotubes, nonlinear optical crystals, structure and properties of transition metal clusters, organometallic chemistry and so on. At the same time, it has made important contributions to the research and development in the fields of information, energy, materials, resources, agriculture, medicine, aerospace, national security and the formation of scientific and technological strategic reserves in China. Academician Wu Wenjun from Institute of Mathematics and Systems Science and Academician Huang Kun from Institute of Semiconductor won the highest national science and technology award in 2000 and 200 1 year respectively. Academician Liu Dongsheng of the Institute of Geology and Geophysics of China Academy of Sciences was vacant in 2003 and 2004; Academician Ye Duzheng from lasg won the highest national science and technology award in 2005; Academician Li Zhensheng from Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences won the highest national science and technology award in 2006. Life Science and Biotechnology In the field of life science and biotechnology research, China Academy of Sciences has 23 research institutes and research centers, 26 national and academic key laboratories, 12 botanical gardens, 22 herbarium, 9 typical culture preservation centers and1/field ecological research stations, with more than 6,800 scientific research and management teams. Seven research institutes in Beijing focus on agricultural high technology and ecological environment research; Shanghai Institute of Life Sciences consists of 7 institutes (centers), focusing on population and health. Four research institutes in Southwest China have formed a research and development base for biological resources and biodiversity conservation in Southwest China, which mainly studies biodiversity conservation and sustainable utilization of biological resources. There are three research institutes in Hubei that focus on aquatic biology, virology and biotechnology. In addition, there are 1 research institutes in Qinghai and Guangzhou, respectively, to carry out relevant research on biology, botany and degraded ecology in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. In the field of life sciences, China Academy of Sciences has made many important achievements. Bovine insulin crystal and yeast alanine transfer ribonucleic acid were synthesized artificially for the first time in the world. Completed the compilation and research of 366 volumes of Flora of Plants, Animals and Spores in China; The most complete pteridophyte classification system in China was established. Participate in the "Human Genome Project" and complete the 1% sequencing task; The frame map of rice genome and the accurate sequencing of japonica rice chromosome 4 were completed. The research on locust ecology and management, restoration ecology, pest control, crop variety breeding, aquaculture and innovative drugs has made important contributions to the country's ecological security, agricultural economic development and population health. In biotechnology research, important research achievements have been made, such as the production of Vc intermediates by two-step fermentation, the improvement of saccharifying enzyme activity of distiller's yeast and its industrial application, genetic engineering vaccine of hepatitis B virus, over-expression of genetically engineered human interferon, somatic cell cloning technology of transgenic fish and cattle, etc., some of which have been industrialized. In the research of new drugs, * * * has created more than 50 new drugs. The antidote dimercaptosuccinic acid is the first drug in China that was copied by the United States and approved by FDA. Artemisinin, an antimalarial drug, is the only new drug exported from China. It is listed in the World Pharmacopoeia 1995. The annual output value of drugs for cardiovascular diseases such as "Di 'ao Xinxuekang" has reached 654.38+04 billion yuan. Resources and Environmental Science and Technology In the field of resources and environment, China Academy of Sciences has 24 research institutes, 1 1 national key laboratories, 14 key laboratories of the Academy of Sciences and 47 key field observation and test stations. The field station belongs to four networks: ecosystem research, atmospheric background observation, geomagnetic station chain, special environment and disaster monitoring, and has become a long-term scientific observation and research base with international level. At present, there are nearly 9,000 scientific research and management teams in the field of resources and environment, which have developed into a comprehensive research system with relatively complete disciplines. The field of resources and environmental science involves solid earth science, atmospheric science, marine science, ecology, environmental science, geographical science and resources, remote sensing, agriculture and many other key disciplines. Over the years, the vast number of scientific and technological personnel have actively faced the needs of the country and dared to climb the scientific peak, and have made important achievements in the study of early life on earth, evolutionary paleontology, international boundary stratotype, and various fossil summaries. By studying the influence of East Asian monsoon environment system, loess, karst, ice core, lake, paleoceanography and human activities on terrestrial ecosystem, and the change and process of paleoenvironment in marine ecological dynamics, the evolution law of East Asian natural environment is reconstructed. Actively and effectively promoted the study of global change. Great theoretical breakthroughs have been made in the study of continental oil generation theory, geochemistry of stratabound deposits, environmental pollution mechanism of East Asian atmospheric circulation and East Asian monsoon, uplift of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and environmental effects. According to regional differentiation, surface water heat balance, element migration and transformation and ecological environment characteristics, various natural divisions, ecological environment divisions, agricultural and economic divisions have been completed, which have been widely used in national economic construction. It provides some practical technologies and models in desertification control, soil erosion control, transformation of middle and low yield fields, restoration and reconstruction of degraded ecosystems, environmental pollution control, mariculture and marine drugs. The research results of remote sensing technology, geographic information system technology and global positioning system technology and the construction of information infrastructure make geographic information science play a more important role in government decision-making and scientific, technological, economic and social development. High-tech R&D In the field of high-tech R&D, China Academy of Sciences has 28 research institutes, 2 technical support units, 1 national laboratory, 43 national key laboratories and provincial key laboratories, and more than 4600 scientific and technical personnel1. The main work involves information technology, advanced manufacturing, photoelectric technology, materials, energy, transportation, chemical engineering and space science and technology, and has made great contributions to the research of computers, lasers, synthetic rubber and "two bombs and one satellite" in China. In recent years, basic research and high-tech frontier exploration in the field of high-tech research and development have been further strengthened, and the ability of independent innovation has been continuously enhanced. At the same time, in order to strengthen the transformation ability of scientific and technological achievements and industrial support ability of the institute, 365 and 438+0 national engineering centers and hospital engineering centers were built and managed according to the modern enterprise system, forming a high-tech enterprise group. The tasks of high-tech research and development of China Academy of Sciences are: to engage in basic, strategic and forward-looking high-tech research related to China's economic development, national defense construction and social progress; Undertake the research and development of key technologies of major national projects and solve major scientific and technological problems urgently needed by the country; Improve China's high-tech independent innovation ability and continuously promote the development of high-tech industries. It plays an important and irreplaceable role in improving China's high-tech international competitiveness, promoting the development of China's high-tech industries and solving major scientific and technological problems in China's economic development, national defense construction and social sustainable development. Scientific research institutes actively undertake major national scientific and technological tasks such as the national key basic research plan, the national high-tech research and development plan and the national key scientific and technological research plan, strengthen cooperation with enterprises, and have achieved a series of major achievements. Many innovative research achievements, such as industrialization of industrial robots, payload practice of scientific experiment No.5 satellite and Fengyun series meteorological satellites, miniaturization of ultra-strong and ultra-short lasers, nano-materials, organic synthetic chemistry, Dawning 3000 super server of 400,000 kW evaporative cooling motor, and "Godson" high-performance CPU chip, have written a new chapter for the scientific and technological development in China's information technology and automation, chemical industry and materials, energy and other fields. High-tech industrialization In terms of high-tech industrialization, China Academy of Sciences, in accordance with the school-running policy in the new period, insists on facing the strategic needs of the country, strengthens the innovation and integration of key technologies, and strengthens the transformation of scientific and technological innovations, which has made direct contributions to China's industrial restructuring, maintaining rapid economic growth and sustainable social development. At the same time, actively establish a platform for the development of high-tech industries, further promote the marketization, socialization and enterprise of the transformation of scientific and technological achievements, and further promote the development of high-tech industries. Foreign-funded enterprises are distributed in 1 1 industries, among which 2 19 high-tech enterprises have been identified. There are 82 enterprises (including the first batch of transformation units) directly invested by the Institute, such as the famous Lenovo Group Holding Company. There are 356 enterprises invested by the Institute, including Chengdu Di 'ao Pharmaceutical Group Co., Ltd. and Shanghai Zhongke Hechen Chemical Company, which are outstanding in the transformation of scientific and technological achievements. At present, eight hospitals and investment companies have been listed at home and abroad. In 3 1 national and university engineering research centers, 14 have completed corporate transformation. In addition, there are 2 1 science and technology industrial parks under construction and preparation. China Academy of Sciences established "State-owned Assets Management Company of China Academy of Sciences" according to law, exercising the rights of investors on behalf of wholly-owned, holding and shareholding enterprises directly invested by Academy of Sciences, and undertaking the corresponding responsibility of maintaining and increasing the value of operating state-owned assets. In 200 1 year, the operating income of the research institute and its invested enterprises was 43.454 billion yuan; The total profit and tax is 4.299 billion yuan; Foreign exchange earned 294 million US dollars; Owner's equity117.22 million yuan; There are about 52,400 employees, including more than 40,000 jobs for the society. Chinese Academy of Sciences actively promotes the effective combination of science and technology and economy, and attaches great importance to technical and economic cooperation with provinces and cities. In recent years, it has signed comprehensive cooperation agreements with 23 provinces, municipalities, autonomous regions and relevant places (cities). At the same time, we have promoted cooperation with industrial departments and large and medium-sized enterprises through multiple channels and at multiple levels, strengthened technical cooperation in tobacco, textile, petrochemical, electromechanical and other industries, and established long-term cooperative relations with large enterprise groups such as China Offshore Oil Company, Daqing Oilfield, Shanghai Electric Machinery Group and Shanghai Radio and Television Group. The China Academy of Sciences, the State Economic and Trade Commission and the Ministry of Education jointly organized and implemented the "Industry-University-Research Joint Development Project" and established various cooperative relations with more than 3,000 enterprises. In order to strengthen cooperation with local governments, industries and enterprises, we have sent science and technology deputies to 170 prefectures (cities), counties and a number of enterprises in 29 provinces (cities) across the country, and at the same time received cadres appointed by local governments and enterprises to work in the hospital for a short time. According to incomplete statistics, in 200 1 year, the cooperation projects between hospitals and local governments generated sales income of10.52 billion yuan and profits and taxes of 3.3 billion yuan. In addition, creating social benefits is equivalent to11400 million yuan. Team building and personnel training China Academy of Sciences has a team of high-level scientific and technological talents, with 256 academicians of China Academy of Sciences, accounting for 39.8% of the total number of academicians of China Academy of Sciences; There are 53 academicians of China Academy of Engineering, accounting for 8.6% of the total number of academicians of China Academy of Engineering. There are 37,000 professionals in the hospital, including 65,438+4,000 senior professionals, 65,438+4,000 intermediate professionals and 7,500 junior professionals. There are more than 20,000 graduate students and postdoctoral students 1 10,000. In 1950s, China Academy of Sciences gathered a large number of outstanding talents at home and abroad, making historic contributions to the development of "two bombs and one satellite". Since 1980s, Chinese Academy of Sciences has taken the lead in launching a series of new measures in China to cultivate young and middle-aged scientific and technological backbones and solve the talent shortage problem. In the early 1990s, the "Hundred Talents Program" was launched to attract and train outstanding academic leaders and adjust and optimize the talent team structure of the hospital. Since the implementation of the pilot project of knowledge innovation, personnel system reforms have been carried out in the whole hospital, such as personnel total control centered on optimizing the team structure, establishing a new employment system in line with international standards and a "three-yuan" structure distribution system, which has laid a good foundation for the reform and development of the Chinese Academy of Sciences. 1999 and 200 1 launched the "Introduction of Foreign Talents Program" and "Overseas Famous Scholars Program" respectively, which increased the attraction for outstanding young foreign scholars. At present, the scientific and technological personnel under 45 years old have accounted for more than 75% of the total number of scientific and technological personnel in the knowledge innovation engineering of the institute. The hospital talent team presents a good trend of lean personnel, reasonable structure, continuous improvement of innovation ability and continuous improvement of international and domestic status. In order to maintain the innovative vitality and competitiveness of the talent team, China Academy of Sciences has sent outstanding scientific and technological personnel and management backbones abroad for further study since 1978. Up to now, 16000 visiting scholars and graduate students have been sent to more than 40 countries and regions to study and visit for further study, and nearly 10000 people have completed their studies and returned to China. At the same time, a continuing education network led by the Management Cadre College of Chinese Academy of Sciences and based on several bases outside Beijing has been initially formed in the hospital. Cultivating and transporting high-level scientific and technological talents for the country is an important contribution of the Chinese Academy of Sciences to the country and society. 195 1, the Chinese academy of sciences began to implement a unified plan with universities to recruit graduate students. 1977 took the lead in restoring graduate enrollment interrupted by the Cultural Revolution. 1978, with the approval of the CPC central Committee, the first graduate school in China-the graduate school of China university of science and technology was established. Over the past 50 years, China Academy of Sciences has trained and trained more than 70,000 graduate students for the country, including the first doctor of science, the first doctor of engineering, the first woman doctor and the first doctor with double degrees in China. In 200 1 year, with the approval of the Ministry of Education and the State Council Academic Degrees Committee, the Graduate School of China Academy of Sciences was formally established. The existing disciplines for awarding doctoral degrees basically cover all disciplines of science. At the same time, there are a considerable number of engineering and technical disciplines and a certain number of doctoral degree awarding points in humanities. The whole hospital has formed a postgraduate education network with Beijing as the main body, which links and covers the whole hospital. China University of Science and Technology, founded by China Academy of Sciences 1958, is a comprehensive national key university focusing on cutting-edge science and high technology, as well as management and humanities with scientific and technological background. Over the past 40 years, * * * has trained nearly 50,000 high-level talents for the country. China University of Science and Technology is also one of the first batch of world-renowned high-level universities approved to enter the national "2 1 1 Project" and national key construction. International Cooperation and Exchange China Academy of Sciences regards international scientific and technological cooperation as a necessary condition to promote the development of modern science and technology. It has established cooperation and exchange relations with scientific research institutions, universities, international organizations and enterprises in more than 60 countries and regions around the world, signed more than 70 college-level cooperation agreements, and carried out multi-level, multi-form and all-round international cooperation. At present, international scientific and technological cooperation personnel exchange more than 1 10,000 person-times every year. More than 380 scientists in our institute hold different levels of leadership positions in international organizations, and 140 foreign experts and scholars are employed as honorary positions and visiting professors in our institute. International cooperation focuses on substantive cooperation around major national and academic projects, and has achieved hundreds of achievements, including the construction of the Beijing Electron-Positron Collider, the prevention and control of sandstorms, 1% human genome sequencing, the cooperation between Chinese and Japanese universities, the Max Planck Young Scientists Group in Germany, the Sino-French Information Automation and Applied Mathematics Laboratory, the China Center of BP International Company, the Sino-Russian Joint Research Center for Space Weather, etc., which have made remarkable achievements and played an important role in the scientific and technological work of the whole hospital. In addition, China Academy of Sciences has successfully held a series of major international conferences, strengthened cooperation and exchanges with international organizations such as the Third World Academy of Sciences, absorbed foreign capital and loans, expanded its influence in international scientific and technological circles, and accelerated the training of talents. In recent years, China Academy of Sciences has made contributions to promoting basic research and high-tech innovation and serving national economic construction and social development through international cooperation and exchange of knowledge innovation pilots. Scientific publication and literature information, literature service and publication are the important foundation and supporting conditions of scientific research, and also the basic elements to enhance the vitality of scientific research and innovation. After more than 50 years of construction and relying on modern information technology, China Academy of Sciences has initially formed an open and interconnected networked scientific and technological literature information service system, which is based on the hospital literature information center, with Shanghai, Lanzhou, Wuhan and Chengdu as sub-centers, connecting the library and information room of relevant research institutions in the hospital and major libraries and intelligence agencies at home and abroad, and based on the whole hospital, facing the whole country. With a total collection of more than 33 million volumes, it has built the largest collection system of basic disciplines of natural science and high-tech literature in China, built a natural science literature retrieval system including a variety of joint catalogues, abstract magazines and literature databases and an international online retrieval terminal, providing services to hundreds of thousands of users inside and outside the hospital every year. In two or three years, the national science digital library with the largest scale and position in the field of natural science in China will be basically built for the whole society. In the publishing industry, the Chinese Academy of Sciences has also initially formed a scientific publishing group with Science Press as the core and a newspaper system with Science Times as the main body. The publishing scope ranges from traditional paper publications to modern digital electronic publications, from academic monographs and popular science works to various magazines and newspapers. Relying on the high-level scientific research work of the top researchers of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, they publish thousands of scientific books and electronic publications, including academic monographs and popular science works, and more than 290 scientific journals every year, including many well-known publications with international status and influence. The close combination and coordinated development of literature service and publication will build China Academy of Sciences into an information, digital and networked platform of national knowledge base, think tank and talent pool, and become an important part of national information infrastructure.

The college organizes self-study examinations for higher education, and enrolls students without examination. According to the plan and teaching materials for self-study examinations for higher education in Beijing, it adopts the teaching forms and methods of full-time universities, and each course can take the examinations organized by the state. Passed the Beijing Higher Education Self-taught Examination. Qualified, with a diploma jointly issued by Beijing Higher Education Self-study Examination Committee and examiner colleges, with national recognition of academic qualifications and international recognition.